Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin Stratejik Pandemi Yönetimi ve Covid-19 ile İlgili Bir Araştırma

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 401 - 420, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.35342/econder.665074

Abstract

Çin’de ortaya çıkan koronavirüs, tüm dünyada çok ciddi bir yayılım gösteren pandemiye dönüşmüştür. Bu pandemiden en çok etkilenen ülkelerin başında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin olduğu görülmüştür. Ülkeye ait birçok çok uluslu işletme Çin başta olmak üzere yurtdışındaki faaliyetlerini belirli bir süre askıya almıştır. Ülke içindeki birçok sektör, faaliyetlerini sonlandırmak ya da yavaşlatmak zorunda kalmış ve işsizlik ciddi bir oranda artmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Amerikan hükümetinin ve bağlı ilgili kuruluşların pandemi sürecindeki faaliyet ve yayınladıkları veriler incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada, koronavirüsün, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin en büyük işletmelerinin yer aldığı Dow Jones Endüstri Endeksinde bulunan çok uluslu işletmelere etkisi araştırılmıştır. Dünyaca ünlü bu işletmelerin koronavirüsten ne derece etkilendiğinin araştırılması için SPSS paket istatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada Shapiro Wilk normallik analizi, Pearson korelasyon katsayısı analizi ve lineer regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda koronavirüsün, çok uluslu işletmelerin içinde bulunduğu Dow Jones Endüstri endeksine anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

References

  • Abodunrin O., Oloye G., Adesola B. (2020). Coronavirus Pandemic And Its Implication On Global Economy, International Journal of Arts, Languages and Business Studies (IJALBS), Vol.4, 13-23.
  • American Express Company, (2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi https://www.americanexpress.com.tr Apple. (2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi www.apple.com
  • Asadi, S., Bouvier, N., Wexler, A. S., Ristenpart, W. D. (2020). The Coronavirus Pandemic And Aerosols: Does COVID-19 Transmit Via Expiratory Particles? Aerosol Scıence And Technology, 54 (6), 635–638
  • Aslan R. (2020). Tarihten Günümüze Epidemiler, Pandemiler ve Covid-19, Göller Bölgesi Aylık Ekonomi ve Kültür Dergisi, 8 (85), 36-41.
  • Baker, S., Farrokhnia, R.A., Meyer, S., Pagel, M., Yannelis, C. (2020). How Does Household Spending Respond To An Epidemic? Consumption During The 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic, Natıonal Bureau Of Economıc Research, Working Paper 26949, 1-34.
  • Barua, S. (2020). Understanding Coronanomics: The Economic Implications of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic (April 1, 2020). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3566477 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3566477 1-44.
  • BBC. (2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling
  • Blake, K. D., Blendon, R. J., Viswanath, K. (2010). Employment and Compliance with Pandemic Influenza Mitigation Recommendations. Emerging infectious diseases, 16(2), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1602.090638
  • Boeing Inc.(2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi www.boeing.com
  • Bravel J., Bavel  V,, Baicker   K., Boggio P.S. , Capraro V.,, Cichocka A. , Cikara M. , Crockett M.J.,  Crum A.J.,Douglas   K.M., Druckman J.N, Drury J.,  Dube, O., Ellemers N., Finkel E.J., Fowler J.H.,  Gelfand  M.,  15, Han S.,  Haslam  A., Jetten  J.,  Kitayama S. vd. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 4, 460–471.
  • Brookings Institution. (2020, 25 Mayıs) https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-covid-19-crisis-how-do-u-s-economic-and-health-outcomes-compare-to-other-oecd-countries/
  • Caterpillar Inc. (2020, 30 Haziran). Erşim adresi www.cat.com
  • Chen-Ritzo C.H., An, L., Buckley, S. v.d. (2007). Pandemic Business Impact Modeler, Proceedings Of The 2007 Informs, Simulation Society Research Workshop, 1-6,
  • Chevron Inc. (2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi www.chevron.com
  • Cisco Inc. (2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi www.cisco.com
  • Coca Cola. (2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi www.coca-cola.com.tr
  • Çetin, B., Ünlüönen, K. (2019). Salgın Hastalıklar Sebebiyle Oluşan Krizlerin Turizm Sektörü Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi, AHBVÜ Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 22 (2), 109-128.
  • Çetin E. (2009). Matematiksel Epidemiyoloji: Pandemik A/H1N1 Gribi Vakası, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 38 (2), 197-209.
  • DOW Company. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.dow.com
  • Durucasu, H. (1997). Ekonomik Göstergelerin İMKB'ye Etkisinin Analizi, Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 13 (1), 121-150.
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://covid19.who.int/region/euro/country/us
  • Emmie, W., Neeltje, D., Falzarano D., Munster, V.J. (2016). SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses, Nature Reviews Microbiology, 14, 523-534.
  • Exxon Mobil Corporation. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www. corporate.exxonmobil.com
  • Germann T. C., Kadau, K., Longini, I.M., Macken, C.A.. (2006). Mitigation strategies for pandemic influenza in the United States. PNAS, 103 (15), 5935–5940.
  • Goldman Sachs. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.goldmansachs.com
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. (2020). Clinical Features Of Patients Infected With 2019 Novel Coronavirus İn Wuhan, China, Lancet, 395(10223):497‐506.
  • Home Depot Inc. (30 Haziran, 2020). ). Erişim adresi www.homedepot.com
  • IBM. (30 Haziran, 2020). ). Erişim adresi www.ibm.com
  • Intel. (30 Haziran, 2020). ). Erişim adresi www.intel.com.tr
  • Johnson & Johnson. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.jnjconsumer.com.tr
  • JP Morgan. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.jpmorganchase.com
  • Keogh-Brown M. R., Smith R. D., Edmunds J. W., Beutels P. (2010). The Macroeconomic İmpact Of Pandemic İnfluenza: Estimates From Models Of The United Kingdom, France, Belgium And The Netherlands, Eur J Health Econ, 11, 543–554.
  • Jonung L, Roeger W. (2006). “The Macroeconomic Effects of A Pandemic in Europe- A Model-Based Assessment”. European Economy European Commission Dırectorate-General For Economic And Financial Affairs Economic Papers, ISSN 1725-3187, 1-21.
  • Kohlscheen E., Mojon B., Rees D. (2020). The Macroeconomic Spillover Effects Of The Pandemic On The Global Economy, BIS Bulletin, No 4, 1-11.
  • Mc Donald’s. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.mcdonalds.com
  • Merck Co. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.merck.com
  • Microsoft. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.microsoft.com
  • MMM. (2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi www.3m.com.tr
  • Moss, P., Barlow, G., Easom, N., Lillie, P., Samson, A. (2020). Lessons For Managing High-Consequence Infections From First COVID-19 Cases in The UK, The Lancet, V. 395, I.10227, E46.
  • Nike Co. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.nike.com
  • Özdamar, K. (2018). SPSS Uygulamalı Temel İstatistik, Nisan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.
  • Peeri, N., Shrestha, N., Rahman, S., v.d. (2020). The SARS, MERS and Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemics, the Newest and Biggest Global Health Threats: What Lessons Have We Learned., International Journal of Epidemiology, 1-10.
  • Pfizer. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.pfizer.com
  • Procter & Gamble. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://us.pg.com/
  • Sheiner, L., Yilla, K. The ABCs of the post-COVID economic recovery, May 4, 2020 https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/05/04/the-abcs-of-the-post-covid-economic-recovery/
  • Sim, M. R. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: major risks to healthcare and other workers on the front line, Occup Environ Med, 77 (5), 281-282
  • Smith R. D., Keogh Brown M. R., Barnett T., Tait J. (2009). The Economy-Wide İmpact Of Pandemic İnfluenza On The UK: A Computable General Equilibrium Modelling Experiment, BMJ, 339, 1-7.
  • Tr Euronews. (2020a). (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://tr.euronews.com/2020/06/11/oecd-genel-sekreteri-angel-gurria-ikinci-dalga-ekonomik-kuculmeyi-yuzde-7-5- lere-tas-yabil
  • Tr Euronews. (2020b). (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://tr.euronews.com/2020/01/30/starbucks-koronavirus-nedeniyle-cin-deki-2-binden-fazla-subesinde-kepenk-kapatiyor
  • Tr Euronews. (2020c). (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://tr.euronews.com/2020/03/16/new-york-borsas-sert-dususle-ac-l-nca-15-dakika-boyunca-islemleri-durdurdu
  • Travelers Companies. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.travelers.com
  • US Embassy to Ankara. (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://tr.usembassy.gov/tr/covid-19-koronavirus-hastaligi/
  • US Customs and Border Protection. (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/coronavirus
  • US Department of Homeland Security. (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-099a
  • US Centers for Diease Controland Prevention. (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/organizations/businesses- employers.html
  • US State Department. (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://www.state.gov/coronavirus/
  • United Technologies Corporation. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.utc.com
  • United Health Incorporated. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.unitedhealthgroup.com
  • Walgreens Co. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.walgreens.com
  • Walmart Co. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.walmart.com
  • Walmsley, T., Rose,A., We, D. (2020). Impacts on the U.S. Macroeconomy of Mandatory Business Closures in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE) and Sol Price School of Public Policy University of Southern California (USC), 1-10.
  • Walt Disney Company. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.disneyturkiye.com.tr
  • Watkins, J. (2020). Preventing A Covid-19 Pandemic, BMJ, 368 :m810, 1-2.
  • Verizon Co. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.verizon.com
  • Visa Co. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.visa.com.tr
  • Yarovaya, L., Brzeszczyński, J., Goodell, J.W., v.d. Rethinking Financial Contagion: Information Transmission Mechanism during the COVID-19 pandemic. (30 Haziran, 2020) Erişim adresi Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3602973
  • Yetgi̇n, M . (2020). Koronavirüsün Borsa İstanbul’a Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma Ve Stratejik Pandemi Yönetimi . Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi , 5 (2) , 324-335.

United States of America's Strategic Pandemic Management And A Research About Covid-19

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 401 - 420, 30.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.35342/econder.665074

Abstract

Coronavirus was firstly seen in China and spreaded all over the world. The United States has been mostly affected by this pandemic. Many US companies abroad stopped their activities for several weeks. The activities and published data of the US government and related institutions in the pandemic process were examined in this study. Besides, the effect of coronavirus on multinational companies in the Dow Jones Industrial Index, which includes the largest businesses in the United States, analyzed in this study. Shapiro Wilk normality analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and linear regression analysis were used in the research with SPSS package statistic program. As a result, it is found that coronavirus affected the multinational US companies which are in Dow Jones.

References

  • Abodunrin O., Oloye G., Adesola B. (2020). Coronavirus Pandemic And Its Implication On Global Economy, International Journal of Arts, Languages and Business Studies (IJALBS), Vol.4, 13-23.
  • American Express Company, (2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi https://www.americanexpress.com.tr Apple. (2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi www.apple.com
  • Asadi, S., Bouvier, N., Wexler, A. S., Ristenpart, W. D. (2020). The Coronavirus Pandemic And Aerosols: Does COVID-19 Transmit Via Expiratory Particles? Aerosol Scıence And Technology, 54 (6), 635–638
  • Aslan R. (2020). Tarihten Günümüze Epidemiler, Pandemiler ve Covid-19, Göller Bölgesi Aylık Ekonomi ve Kültür Dergisi, 8 (85), 36-41.
  • Baker, S., Farrokhnia, R.A., Meyer, S., Pagel, M., Yannelis, C. (2020). How Does Household Spending Respond To An Epidemic? Consumption During The 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic, Natıonal Bureau Of Economıc Research, Working Paper 26949, 1-34.
  • Barua, S. (2020). Understanding Coronanomics: The Economic Implications of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic (April 1, 2020). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3566477 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3566477 1-44.
  • BBC. (2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200304-coronavirus-covid-19-update-why-people-are-stockpiling
  • Blake, K. D., Blendon, R. J., Viswanath, K. (2010). Employment and Compliance with Pandemic Influenza Mitigation Recommendations. Emerging infectious diseases, 16(2), 212–218. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1602.090638
  • Boeing Inc.(2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi www.boeing.com
  • Bravel J., Bavel  V,, Baicker   K., Boggio P.S. , Capraro V.,, Cichocka A. , Cikara M. , Crockett M.J.,  Crum A.J.,Douglas   K.M., Druckman J.N, Drury J.,  Dube, O., Ellemers N., Finkel E.J., Fowler J.H.,  Gelfand  M.,  15, Han S.,  Haslam  A., Jetten  J.,  Kitayama S. vd. (2020). Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nature Human Behaviour, 4, 460–471.
  • Brookings Institution. (2020, 25 Mayıs) https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-covid-19-crisis-how-do-u-s-economic-and-health-outcomes-compare-to-other-oecd-countries/
  • Caterpillar Inc. (2020, 30 Haziran). Erşim adresi www.cat.com
  • Chen-Ritzo C.H., An, L., Buckley, S. v.d. (2007). Pandemic Business Impact Modeler, Proceedings Of The 2007 Informs, Simulation Society Research Workshop, 1-6,
  • Chevron Inc. (2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi www.chevron.com
  • Cisco Inc. (2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi www.cisco.com
  • Coca Cola. (2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi www.coca-cola.com.tr
  • Çetin, B., Ünlüönen, K. (2019). Salgın Hastalıklar Sebebiyle Oluşan Krizlerin Turizm Sektörü Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi, AHBVÜ Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 22 (2), 109-128.
  • Çetin E. (2009). Matematiksel Epidemiyoloji: Pandemik A/H1N1 Gribi Vakası, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 38 (2), 197-209.
  • DOW Company. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.dow.com
  • Durucasu, H. (1997). Ekonomik Göstergelerin İMKB'ye Etkisinin Analizi, Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 13 (1), 121-150.
  • Dünya Sağlık Örgütü. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://covid19.who.int/region/euro/country/us
  • Emmie, W., Neeltje, D., Falzarano D., Munster, V.J. (2016). SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses, Nature Reviews Microbiology, 14, 523-534.
  • Exxon Mobil Corporation. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www. corporate.exxonmobil.com
  • Germann T. C., Kadau, K., Longini, I.M., Macken, C.A.. (2006). Mitigation strategies for pandemic influenza in the United States. PNAS, 103 (15), 5935–5940.
  • Goldman Sachs. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.goldmansachs.com
  • Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, et al. (2020). Clinical Features Of Patients Infected With 2019 Novel Coronavirus İn Wuhan, China, Lancet, 395(10223):497‐506.
  • Home Depot Inc. (30 Haziran, 2020). ). Erişim adresi www.homedepot.com
  • IBM. (30 Haziran, 2020). ). Erişim adresi www.ibm.com
  • Intel. (30 Haziran, 2020). ). Erişim adresi www.intel.com.tr
  • Johnson & Johnson. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.jnjconsumer.com.tr
  • JP Morgan. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.jpmorganchase.com
  • Keogh-Brown M. R., Smith R. D., Edmunds J. W., Beutels P. (2010). The Macroeconomic İmpact Of Pandemic İnfluenza: Estimates From Models Of The United Kingdom, France, Belgium And The Netherlands, Eur J Health Econ, 11, 543–554.
  • Jonung L, Roeger W. (2006). “The Macroeconomic Effects of A Pandemic in Europe- A Model-Based Assessment”. European Economy European Commission Dırectorate-General For Economic And Financial Affairs Economic Papers, ISSN 1725-3187, 1-21.
  • Kohlscheen E., Mojon B., Rees D. (2020). The Macroeconomic Spillover Effects Of The Pandemic On The Global Economy, BIS Bulletin, No 4, 1-11.
  • Mc Donald’s. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.mcdonalds.com
  • Merck Co. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.merck.com
  • Microsoft. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.microsoft.com
  • MMM. (2020, 30 Haziran). Erişim adresi www.3m.com.tr
  • Moss, P., Barlow, G., Easom, N., Lillie, P., Samson, A. (2020). Lessons For Managing High-Consequence Infections From First COVID-19 Cases in The UK, The Lancet, V. 395, I.10227, E46.
  • Nike Co. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.nike.com
  • Özdamar, K. (2018). SPSS Uygulamalı Temel İstatistik, Nisan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.
  • Peeri, N., Shrestha, N., Rahman, S., v.d. (2020). The SARS, MERS and Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemics, the Newest and Biggest Global Health Threats: What Lessons Have We Learned., International Journal of Epidemiology, 1-10.
  • Pfizer. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.pfizer.com
  • Procter & Gamble. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://us.pg.com/
  • Sheiner, L., Yilla, K. The ABCs of the post-COVID economic recovery, May 4, 2020 https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/05/04/the-abcs-of-the-post-covid-economic-recovery/
  • Sim, M. R. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: major risks to healthcare and other workers on the front line, Occup Environ Med, 77 (5), 281-282
  • Smith R. D., Keogh Brown M. R., Barnett T., Tait J. (2009). The Economy-Wide İmpact Of Pandemic İnfluenza On The UK: A Computable General Equilibrium Modelling Experiment, BMJ, 339, 1-7.
  • Tr Euronews. (2020a). (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://tr.euronews.com/2020/06/11/oecd-genel-sekreteri-angel-gurria-ikinci-dalga-ekonomik-kuculmeyi-yuzde-7-5- lere-tas-yabil
  • Tr Euronews. (2020b). (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://tr.euronews.com/2020/01/30/starbucks-koronavirus-nedeniyle-cin-deki-2-binden-fazla-subesinde-kepenk-kapatiyor
  • Tr Euronews. (2020c). (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://tr.euronews.com/2020/03/16/new-york-borsas-sert-dususle-ac-l-nca-15-dakika-boyunca-islemleri-durdurdu
  • Travelers Companies. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.travelers.com
  • US Embassy to Ankara. (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://tr.usembassy.gov/tr/covid-19-koronavirus-hastaligi/
  • US Customs and Border Protection. (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/coronavirus
  • US Department of Homeland Security. (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-099a
  • US Centers for Diease Controland Prevention. (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi [https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/organizations/businesses- employers.html
  • US State Department. (1 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi https://www.state.gov/coronavirus/
  • United Technologies Corporation. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.utc.com
  • United Health Incorporated. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.unitedhealthgroup.com
  • Walgreens Co. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.walgreens.com
  • Walmart Co. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.walmart.com
  • Walmsley, T., Rose,A., We, D. (2020). Impacts on the U.S. Macroeconomy of Mandatory Business Closures in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, Center for Risk and Economic Analysis of Terrorism Events (CREATE) and Sol Price School of Public Policy University of Southern California (USC), 1-10.
  • Walt Disney Company. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.disneyturkiye.com.tr
  • Watkins, J. (2020). Preventing A Covid-19 Pandemic, BMJ, 368 :m810, 1-2.
  • Verizon Co. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.verizon.com
  • Visa Co. (30 Haziran, 2020). Erişim adresi www.visa.com.tr
  • Yarovaya, L., Brzeszczyński, J., Goodell, J.W., v.d. Rethinking Financial Contagion: Information Transmission Mechanism during the COVID-19 pandemic. (30 Haziran, 2020) Erişim adresi Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3602973
  • Yetgi̇n, M . (2020). Koronavirüsün Borsa İstanbul’a Etkisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma Ve Stratejik Pandemi Yönetimi . Finans Ekonomi ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi , 5 (2) , 324-335.
There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muhammed Ali Yetgin 0000-0002-8120-4704

Publication Date December 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yetgin, M. A. (2020). Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin Stratejik Pandemi Yönetimi ve Covid-19 ile İlgili Bir Araştırma. Econder Uluslararası Akademik Dergi, 4(2), 401-420. https://doi.org/10.35342/econder.665074

Econder International Academic Journal is  an international, peer-reviewed multidisciplinary journal dedicated to publishing scholarly articles on all aspects of Economy and Business. Available online and published two times a year, the journal aims to become one of the leading platforms in the world for new findings and discussions of all fields of Economy and Business.


Ä°lgili resim14357143581435914360 14364 

 logo_224x57_white.gif ResearchBib ile ilgili görsel sonucu