The Prevalence of Peg-shaped Maxillary Permanent Lateral Incisors in the Turkish Population

Year 2024, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 39 - 43, 30.08.2024

Oktay Yazıcıoğlu , Merve Yıldırım Üçüncü , Mustafa Demirci

https://doi.org/10.62243/edr.1494530

Abstract

Aim The development of human dentition is influenced by a complex interplay of diverse factors spanning epigenetic, environmental, physical, chemical, biological, and genetic realms. Variations in the morphology and dimensions of upper lateral incisors have been documented, commonly resulting in a reduction in mesiodistal size, a phenomenon often referred to as "peg-shaped laterals". This study aimed to explore the prevalence of peg-shaped maxillary permanent lateral incisors while investigating potential correlations with gender and laterality.
Material and method The study comprised 1076 Turkish individuals, aged between 18 and 75, who sought treatment at the Istanbul University Restorative Dentistry Clinic. Prior to examination, participants provided voluntary consent by completing consent forms. To ensure precision and consistency, all examinations were conducted by a single clinician with a minimum of twenty years of clinical experience. Patient selection adhered to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Anamnestic data, encompassing age, gender, past dental history, general health status, and intraoral examination findings, were documented. Examinations focused on the anterior region, specifically between the maxillary canine teeth.
Results Peg-shaped incisors were noted in 7.2% of cases (n=77), with 54 cases being unilateral and 23 bilateral. Among the cases, 7.4% (n=52) were observed in females and 6.7% (n=25) in males. A total of 97 peg-shaped incisors were identified in both left and right maxillary lateral incisors.
Conclusion The research took place in Istanbul, Türkiye, a cosmopolitan metropolis. Expanding such investigations to various regions within Türkiye would yield a richer and more comprehensive dataset, enhancing the study's significance.

Keywords

Anatomical shape, Dental anomaly, Maxillary lateral incisors, Peg-shaped laterals, Prevalence study

References

• White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral Radiology Principles and Interpretation. 6th edition ed. St.Louis: Mosby; 2008.
• Keene HJ. Epidemiologic study of tooth size variability in cariesfree naval recruits. J Dent Res 1971;Sep-Oct 50(5):1331-1345.
• Amin F, Asif J, and Akber S. Prevalence of peg laterals and small size lateral incisors in orthodontic patients a study . Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal 2011;31(1):88-91.
• Grahnén H. Hypodontia in the permanent dentition: a clinical and genetical investigation. Michigan: Michigan University; 1956.
• Geiger A, Hirschfeld L. Minor tooth movement in general practice. 3 ed. St.Louis: Mosby; 1974.
• Zhu JF, Marcushamer M, King DL, and Henry RJ. Supernumerary and congenitally absent teeth: a literature review. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1996;Winter 20(2):87-95.
• Celikoglu M, Miloglu O, and Oztek O. Investigation of tooth transposition in a non-syndromic Turkish anatolian population: characteristic features and associated dental anomalies. Med Oral Patol Cir Bucal 2010;Sep1 15(5):e716-e720.
• Shapira Y and Kuftinec MM. Maxillary tooth transpositions: characteristic features and accompanying dental anomalies. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;Feb 119(2):127-134.
• Peck S, Peck L, and Kataja M. Mandibular lateral incisor-canine transposition, concomitant dental anomalies, and genetic control. Angle Orhod 1998;Oct 68(5):455-466.
• Gomes RR, Da Fonseca JA, Paula LM, Feber J, and Acevedo AC. Prevalence of hypodontia in orthodontic patients in Brasilia, Brazil. Eur J Orthod 2010;Jun 32(3):302-306.
• Alvesalo L and Portin P. The inheritance pattern of missing peg-shaped, and strongly mesiodistally reduced upper lateral incisors. Acta Odontol Scand 1969;27:563-575.
• Witkop CJ Jr. Agenesis of succedaneous teeth: an expression of the homozygous state of the gene for the pegged or missing maxillary lateral incisor trait. Am J Med Genet 1987;Feb 26(2):431-436.
• Granat J and Chapelle P. Dental agenesis, hypergenesis and evolution. Actual Odontostomatol (Paris) 1988;Mar(161):31-48.
• Brook AH. Multilevel complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of anomalies of dental development. Arch Oral Biol 2009;Dec 54(Suppl 1):S3-S17.
• The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms: Ninth Edition. J Prosthet Dent 2017;May 117(5S):e1-e105.
• Thilander B and Myrberg N. The prevalence of malocclusion in Swedish schoolchildren. Scand J Dent Res 1973;81(1):12-21.
• Thongudomporn U and Freer TJ. Prevalence of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients. Aust Dent J 1998;Dec 43(6):395-398.
• al-Emran S. Prevalence of hypodontia and developmental malformation of permanent teeth in Saudi Arabian schoolchildrenq. Br J Orthod 1990;May 17(2):115-118.
• Backman B and Wahlin YB. Variations in number and morphology of permanent teeth in 7-year-old Swedish children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2001;11:11-17.
• Clayton JM. Congenital dental anomalies occurring in 3,557 children . J.Dent.Child 1956;23:206-218.
• Muhamad AH, Nezar W, Mohammad Y, Peter P, and Fuad I. Clinical Genetic Basis of Tooth Agenesis . IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 2015;14(12 VerIII):68-77.
• Abusalih A, Ismail HB, Abdulgani A, Chlorokostas G, and Abu-Hussein M. Interdisciplinary Management of Congenitally Agenesis Maxillary Lateral Incisors: Orthodontic/Prosthodontic Perspectives . IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 2016;15(1 Ver VII):90-99.
• Sisman Y, Uysal T, and Gelgor IE. Hypodontia. Does the prevalence and distribution pattern differ in orthodontic patients? Eur J Dent 2007;Jul 1(3):167-173.
• Aras MH, Büyükkurt MC, Yolcu U, Ertaş U, and Dayi E. Transmigrant maxillary canines. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008;Mar 105(3):e48-e52.
• Yilmaz HH, Türkkahraman H, and Sayin MO. Prevalence of tooth transpositions and associated dental anomalies in a Turkish population. Dentomaxillofac Raiol 2005;Jan 34(1):32-35.
• Aydin U, Yilmaz HH, and Yildirim D. Incidence of canine impaction and transmigration in a patient population. Dentomaxillofac Raiol 2004;May 33(3):164-169.
• Altug-Atac AT and Erdem D. Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007;Apr 131(4):510-514.
• Uslu o, Akcam MO, Evirgen S, and Cebeci I. Prevalence of dental anomalies in various malocclusions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;135(3):328-335.
• Albashaireh ZS and Khader YS. The prevalence and pattern of hypodontia of the permanenet teeth and crown size and shape deformity affecting upper lateral incisors in a sample of Jordanian dental patients. Community Dent Health 2006;Dec 23(4):239-243.
• Guttal KS, Naikmasur VG, Bhargava P, and Bathi RJ. Frequency of developmental dental anomalies in the Indian population. Eur J Dent 2010;Jul 4(3):263-269.
• Goran K, Sven P, Ivar E, Dorte H. Pediatric Dentistry: A Clinical Approach. 3rd ed. United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell; 2017.
• Hattab FN, al-Khateeb S, and Sultan I. Mesiodistal crown diameters of permanent teeth in Jordanians. Arch Oral Biol 1996;Jul 41(7):641-645.
• Anziani H, Cole B, and Hobson R. An unusual dental anomaly in a hypodontia patient. Dent Update 2010;Dec 37(10):691-2-694-5.
• Muller TP, Hill IN, Petersen AC, and Blayney JR. A survey of congenitally missing permanent teeth. J Am Dent Assoc 1970;Jul 81(1):101-107.
• Johannsdottir B, Wisth PJ, and Magnusson TE. Prevalence of malocclusion in 6-year-old Iceland children. Acta Odontol Scand 1997;55:398-402.
• Polder BJ, Van't Hof MA, Van der Linden FP, and Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of dental agenesis of permanent teeth. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004;Jun 32(3):217-226.
• Wu H and Feng HL. A survey of number and morphology anomalies in permanent teeth of 6 453 youths between 17 to 21 years old. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2005;Nov 40(6):489-490.
• Hua F, He H, Ngan P, and Bouzid W. Prevalence of peg-shaped maxillary permanent lateral incisors: A meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013;Jul 144(1):97-109.
• Gupta SK, Saxena P, Jain S, and Jain D. Prevalence and distribution of selected developmental dental anomalies in an Indian population. J Oral Sci 2011;Jun 53(2):231-238.
• Shah RM, Boyd MA, and Vakil TF. Studies of permanent tooth anomalies in 7,886 Canadian individuals. II: congenitally missing, supernumerary and peg teeth. Dent J 1978;Jun 44(6):265-8-276.
• Meskin LH and Gorlin RJ. Agenesis and peg-shaped permanent maxillary lateral incisors. J Dent Res 1963;42:1476-1479.
• Hrdlicka A. Further studies of tooth morphology. Amercan J of Physical Anthropolhy 1921;4(2):141-176.
• Shafer WG, Hine MK, Levy BM. A textbook of oral pathology. 3 ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunder Co; 1974.
• Antunes LA, Küchler EC, Costa Mde C, Antunes LS, and Granjeiro JM. Discordant tooth agenesis and peg-shaped in a pair of monozygotic twins: Clinical and molecular study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2013;Nov 10(6):820-824.