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Müphemlik, Yabancılaşma ve Madunluk: Naipaul’un A Bend in the River’ını Bhabha, Fanon ve Spivak'la Okumak

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 586 - 599, 27.10.2025

Abstract

Bu makale, V. S. Naipaul’un A Bend in the River (1979) adlı eserini Homi K. Bhabha, Frantz Fanon ve Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’ın eleştirel perspektifleri ve kullandıkları terminolojiler ışığında incelemektedir. Postkolonyal Afrika’ya yönelik ihtilaflı bakış açısıyla tartışılan roman, bir yandan gerçekçiliğiyle övgü toplarken, öte yandan imparatorluk söylemine olan yakınlığı ve kolonyal pratiklere ilişkin vizyonu dolayısıyla eleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma, Naipaul’un kışkırtıcı fikirlerini anlatı otoritesinin tekrarlama, kararsızlık ve parodiyi nasıl temsil ettiğini incelemek için taklit ve melezlik kavramları aracılığıyla çelişkilerin yeniden incelendiği bir platformda araştırmaktadır. Naipaul’un karakterleri, ‘ulusal bilincin tuzaklarında’ kaybolmuştur ve sömürgeci yabancılaşmanın acısını çekmektedir. Makale, A Bend in the River'ın epistemik şiddet, alt sınıfların ikilemi ve susturulmuş özneler aracılığıyla çökmekte olan bir ruh halini ve değişen kimlikler ile sömürge mirasının yükünü sorunsallaştırdığını savunmaktadır. Ayrıca makale, karakterlerin postkolonyal kırılganlık, kolonyal travma ve susturulmuş sesler hakkında betimleyici bir söylem yerine, bir umutsuzluk anlatısı yoluyla güven ve epistemik otorite peşinde olduklarını ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • Bawer, B. (2002). Civilization and V. S. Naipaul. The Hudson Review, 55(3), 371–384. https://doi.org/10.2307/3853335
  • Bhabha, H. K. (1984). Of mimicry and man: The ambivalence of colonial discourse. October, 28, 125–133. https://doi.org/10.2307/778467
  • Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. Routledge.
  • Boehmer, E. (2005). Colonial and postcolonial literature (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Derrida, J. (1978). Writing and difference (A. Bass, Trans.). University of Chicago Press.
  • Derrida, J. (1998). Of grammatology (Corrected ed.; G. C. Spivak, Trans.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Fanon, F. (2004). The wretched of the earth (R. Philcox, Trans.). Grove Press.
  • Fanon, F. (2008). Black skin, white masks (R. Philcox, Trans.). Grove Press.
  • Gikandi, S. (1992). Writing in limbo: Modernism and Caribbean literature. Cornell University Press.
  • Johnson, E. L. (2010). Provincializing Europe: The postcolonial urban uncanny in V. S. Naipaul’s A Bend in the River. Journal of Narrative Theory, 40(2), 209–230. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41427228
  • Loomba, A. (2015). Colonialism/Postcolonialism (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Mishra, V. (2024). V. S. Naipaul and world literature. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009433853
  • Naipaul, V. S. (1981). A bend in the river. Penguin Books.
  • Nixon, R. (1992). London calling: V. S. Naipaul, postcolonial Mandarin. Oxford University Press.
  • Roldan-Santiago, S. (2008). Pessimism and existentialism in V. S. Naipaul. Journal of Caribbean Literatures, 5(2), 153–167. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40986260
  • Said, E. W. (1986). Intellectuals in the post-colonial world. Salmagundi, 70/71, 44–64.
  • Said, E. W. (1993). Culture and imperialism. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? In C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the interpretation of culture (pp. 271–313). University of Illinois Press.

Ambivalence, Alienation, and Subalternity: Reading Naipaul’s A Bend in the River through Bhabha, Fanon, and Spivak

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 586 - 599, 27.10.2025

Abstract

This study examines V. S. Naipaul’s A Bend in the River (1979) from a postcolonial perspective, using the terminologies raised by Homi K. Bhabha, Frantz Fanon, and Gayatri C. Spivak. Considering so far controversial view of the ambivalent postcolonial settings in Africa, the paper analyses Naipaul’s disappointed vision of colonial practice and its complicity in the dissemination of imperial discourse. The study extends Naipaul’s provoking ideas to a platform where contradictions are reexamined through the concepts of mimicry and hybridity to explore how narrative authority represents repetition, ambivalence and parody. Naipul’s characters are lost in the the ‘pitfalls of national consciousness’, and suffer from colonial alienation. The paper argues that A Bend in the River problematizes collapsing psyche, unraveling identity and the burden of colonial legacy through epistemic violence, subaltern conundrum and silenced mediums. The paper shows how the characters pursue reliable mediation and epistemic authority through a narrative of despair rather than a descriptive discourse of postcolonial fragility, colonial trauma, and silenced voices.

References

  • Bawer, B. (2002). Civilization and V. S. Naipaul. The Hudson Review, 55(3), 371–384. https://doi.org/10.2307/3853335
  • Bhabha, H. K. (1984). Of mimicry and man: The ambivalence of colonial discourse. October, 28, 125–133. https://doi.org/10.2307/778467
  • Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The location of culture. Routledge.
  • Boehmer, E. (2005). Colonial and postcolonial literature (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Derrida, J. (1978). Writing and difference (A. Bass, Trans.). University of Chicago Press.
  • Derrida, J. (1998). Of grammatology (Corrected ed.; G. C. Spivak, Trans.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Fanon, F. (2004). The wretched of the earth (R. Philcox, Trans.). Grove Press.
  • Fanon, F. (2008). Black skin, white masks (R. Philcox, Trans.). Grove Press.
  • Gikandi, S. (1992). Writing in limbo: Modernism and Caribbean literature. Cornell University Press.
  • Johnson, E. L. (2010). Provincializing Europe: The postcolonial urban uncanny in V. S. Naipaul’s A Bend in the River. Journal of Narrative Theory, 40(2), 209–230. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41427228
  • Loomba, A. (2015). Colonialism/Postcolonialism (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  • Mishra, V. (2024). V. S. Naipaul and world literature. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009433853
  • Naipaul, V. S. (1981). A bend in the river. Penguin Books.
  • Nixon, R. (1992). London calling: V. S. Naipaul, postcolonial Mandarin. Oxford University Press.
  • Roldan-Santiago, S. (2008). Pessimism and existentialism in V. S. Naipaul. Journal of Caribbean Literatures, 5(2), 153–167. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40986260
  • Said, E. W. (1986). Intellectuals in the post-colonial world. Salmagundi, 70/71, 44–64.
  • Said, E. W. (1993). Culture and imperialism. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Spivak, G. C. (1988). Can the subaltern speak? In C. Nelson & L. Grossberg (Eds.), Marxism and the interpretation of culture (pp. 271–313). University of Illinois Press.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Literary Theory, Comparative and Transnational Literature
Journal Section ARAŞTIRMA MAKALELERİ
Authors

Nimetullah Aldemir 0000-0001-8727-5207

Publication Date October 27, 2025
Submission Date June 14, 2025
Acceptance Date October 12, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aldemir, N. (2025). Ambivalence, Alienation, and Subalternity: Reading Naipaul’s A Bend in the River through Bhabha, Fanon, and Spivak. Edebi Eleştiri Dergisi, 9(2), 586-599. https://doi.org/10.31465/eeder.1719742
AMA Aldemir N. Ambivalence, Alienation, and Subalternity: Reading Naipaul’s A Bend in the River through Bhabha, Fanon, and Spivak. EEDER. October 2025;9(2):586-599. doi:10.31465/eeder.1719742
Chicago Aldemir, Nimetullah. “Ambivalence, Alienation, and Subalternity: Reading Naipaul’s A Bend in the River through Bhabha, Fanon, and Spivak”. Edebi Eleştiri Dergisi 9, no. 2 (October 2025): 586-99. https://doi.org/10.31465/eeder.1719742.
EndNote Aldemir N (October 1, 2025) Ambivalence, Alienation, and Subalternity: Reading Naipaul’s A Bend in the River through Bhabha, Fanon, and Spivak. Edebi Eleştiri Dergisi 9 2 586–599.
IEEE N. Aldemir, “Ambivalence, Alienation, and Subalternity: Reading Naipaul’s A Bend in the River through Bhabha, Fanon, and Spivak”, EEDER, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 586–599, 2025, doi: 10.31465/eeder.1719742.
ISNAD Aldemir, Nimetullah. “Ambivalence, Alienation, and Subalternity: Reading Naipaul’s A Bend in the River through Bhabha, Fanon, and Spivak”. Edebi Eleştiri Dergisi 9/2 (October2025), 586-599. https://doi.org/10.31465/eeder.1719742.
JAMA Aldemir N. Ambivalence, Alienation, and Subalternity: Reading Naipaul’s A Bend in the River through Bhabha, Fanon, and Spivak. EEDER. 2025;9:586–599.
MLA Aldemir, Nimetullah. “Ambivalence, Alienation, and Subalternity: Reading Naipaul’s A Bend in the River through Bhabha, Fanon, and Spivak”. Edebi Eleştiri Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, 2025, pp. 586-99, doi:10.31465/eeder.1719742.
Vancouver Aldemir N. Ambivalence, Alienation, and Subalternity: Reading Naipaul’s A Bend in the River through Bhabha, Fanon, and Spivak. EEDER. 2025;9(2):586-99.

Journal of Literary Criticism is a refereed journal published in the scope of literature.