Gana’nın Sosyal ve Siyasi Tarihinde Kadınların Rolü

Abstract

1961 yılında kurulan Amerikan Barış Gönüllülerinin resmi amacı ABD’yi diğer devletlere tanıtmak ve az gelişmiş ülkeler için işgücü sağlamaktı. Ancak bu kurum Soğuk Savaş sırasında Sovyetler Birliği’ne karşı silahsız bir kuvvet olarak kullanıldı. Gana, Amerikan Barış Gönüllülerinin ilk gönderildiği ülkedir. Bunda kuşkusuz, Gana'nın Sahra altı Afrika'sında 1957'de sömürge egemenliğinden bağımsızlığını kazanmış ilk ülke olmasının ve geleceğinin umut verici gözükmesinin etkisi vardır. Gana Afrika’nın önemli ülkelerinden biridir ancak cadılığa inanıldığı ve “cadı kamplarının” olduğu bir yerde kadın olmak zordur.

 Bu çalışma, Gana'nın sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasi tarihlerinde kadınların konumunu sömürgecilikten bugüne kültürel ve politik değişiklikler dönemi ile incelemektedir. Ganalı kadınlar bağımsızlık öncesi ve sonrası dönemde siyasete önemli katkıda bulunmuş ve 1950'lerden bağımsızlığa dek ulusun milliyetçi duygularını oluşturma konusunda aktif olarak yer almışlardır. Dördüncü Cumhuriyet, ülkenin sosyo-ekonomik kalkınmasına kadınların katılımında bir artışa tanık olsa da, kadınların sayı ve varlıkları düşük kalmaktadır. Çalışma, bu nedenle, kültür ve siyasi güçlerin toplumsal cinsiyet dinamiklerinin, Gana toplumunda kadınların kimliklerini, isteklerini, çıkarlarını ve kendi kaderlerini tayin ediş biçimlerini araştırmaktadır.  Çalışmada, ayrıca, Ganalı kadınların ulusal meselelerde marjinalleştirici rolü ile daha sonra 1993’te eşitlik ve katılım vaadiyle demokratik yönetime geçişin kadınların istek ve kimliklerinin seslerini şekillendirişi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir.  

Keywords

• Gana,Siyaset,Kadın

The Position of Women in the Social and Political History of Ghana

Abstract

The official aim of the US Peace Corps established in 1961 was to introduce the United States to other countries and to provide a workforce for underdeveloped countries. However, they were used as an unarmed force during the Cold War period against the Soviet Union. Ghana is the first country to which United States Peace Corps, volunteers were sent. Undoubtedly, it has got something to do with the fact that Ghana is the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to gain independence from colonial domination in 1957, and that its future looked promising. Ghana is one of the important countries of Africa, but it is difficult to be a woman in a place where the belief in witchcraft is widespread and there are “witch camps”.

This study examines the position of women in the social, economic and political histories of Ghana, through a period of cultural and political changes, from colonialism to date. Ghanaian women made a significant contribution to the politics of pre- and post-independent Ghana, and they were actively involved in building the nation’s nationalistic sentiments from the 1950’s through to independence. Although the Fourth Republic is witnessing an increase in women’s participation in the socio-economic development of the country, their numbers and substance remain low. The study, thus, examines how the gender dynamics of culture and political forces have shaped women’s identities, ambitions, interests, and self-determination within the Ghanaian society. Also, the study seeks the affinity between the marginalizing role of women in national affairs, and later how the transition to democratic governance in 1993, with a promise of equality and inclusiveness, has shaped the voices of women’s ambitions and identities.

Keywords

• Ghana,Women,Politics

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