Bakteriyel Balık Patojenlerine Karşı Portakal (Citrus sinensis) Kabuğu Uçucu Yağının In vitro Antibakteriyel Etkisi

Year 2018, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 208 - 214, 01.09.2018

Esin Baba

Abstract

Bu çalışmada portakal (Citrus
sinensis) kabuğundan elde edilen uçucu yağın farklı konsantrasyonlarda (%1,
%2,5, %5, %7,5 ve %10), bakteriyel balık patojenlerinden; Yersinia ruckeri, Aeromonas
hydrophila, Lactococcus garvieae,
Listonella anguillarum, Vagococcus salmoninarum ve Vibrio alginolyticus’a
karşı in vitro antibakteriyel etkisi belirlenmiştir. Portakal kabuğundan uçucu yağ eldesi hidro distilasyon yöntemiyle,
uçucu yağın kimyasal içeriği ise gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometresi
(GC-MS) ile analiz edilmiştir. Uçucu yağda on beş farklı bileşen tespit edilmiş
ve major bileşen D-limonene (%73) olarak belirlenmiştir. In vitro antibakteriyel
aktivite disk difüzyon ve mikrodilüsyon metodu kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç olarak, portakal kabuğundan elde edilen uçucu yağın en etkili olduğu
patojenin L. anguillarum olduğu ve sırasıyla Y. ruckeri, V.
alginolyticus, V. salmoninarum, A. hydrophila ve L.
garvieae’ nın takip ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler ışığında
portakal kabuğundan elde edilen yağın antibakteriyel özelliğe sahip olduğu ve in
vivo çalışmalarla desteklenmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

bakteriyel balık patojenleri, portakal kabuğu, uçucu yağ

In vitro Antibacterial Effect of Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel Essential Oil Against Bacterial Fish Pathogens

Abstract

The aim of this study is to
determine the effect of different concentrations of orange (Citrus sinensis) peel oil (1%, 2.5%, 5%,
7.5% and 10%), a against bacterial fish pathogens; Yersinia ruckeri, Aeromonas
hydrophila, Lactococcus garvieae,
Listonella anguillarum, Vagococcus salmoninarum and Vibrio alginolyticus. The chemical
composition of the essential oil obtained from the peels, was analyzed by Gas
chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fifteen components were identified in
the steam essential oils and the main major component is D-limonene (73%).
Essential oil derived from orange peel was applied against the bacteria using
the disc diffusion and micro dilution method under in vitro conditions. As a result of this study,  the orange peel essential oil significantly
inhibited the growth of L. anguillarum
by followed Y. ruckeri, V. alginolyticus, V. salmoninarum, A.
hydrophila and L. garvieae. The
study results showed that the oil obtained from the orange peel induced
antibacterial properties and it should be supplemented with in vivo work.

Keywords

bacterial fish pathogen, orange peel, essential oil

References

• Referans10 Hatha, M., Vivekanandhan, A.A., Joice, G.J., & Christol. (2005). Antibiotic resistance pattern of motile aeromonads from farm raised fresh water fish. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 98, 131–134.
• Referans11 Hussain, K.A., Tarakji, B., Kandy, B.P.P., John, J., Mathews, J., Ramphul, V., & Divakar, D.D. (2015). Antimicrobial effects of Citrus sinensis peel extracts against periodontopathic bacteria: An in vitro study. Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny, 66(2), 173–178.
• Referans12 Magwa, M.L., Gundidza, M. & Gweru, N., (2006). Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from the leaves of sesuvium portulacastrum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103: 85–89.
• Referans13 Mahmoodi, A., Roomiani, L. & Soltani M., (2012). Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils and extracts from Rosmarinus officinalis, Zataria multiflora, Anethum graveolens and Eucalyptus globulus. Global Veterinaria, 9, 73–79.
• Referans14 Obidi, O.F., Ayoola, G.A., Johnson, O. O., Hassan M. O., & Nwachukwu S.C.U. (2013). Antimicrobial activity of orange oil on selected pathogens. International Journal of Biochemistry, 2(6):113–122.
• Referans15 Öntaş, C., Baba, E., Kaplaner, E., Küçükaydın, S., Öztürk, M., & Ercan, M.D. (2016). Antibacterial Activity of Citrus limon Peel Essential Oil and Argania spinosa Oil Against Fish Pathogenic Bacteria. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(5), 741–749.
• Referans16 Rattanachaikunsopon, P., & Phumkhachorn, P. (2009). Protective effect of clove oilsupplemented fish diets on experimental Lactococus graviae infection in tilapia. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 73(9), 2085–2089.
• Referans17 Serrano, P.H. (2005). Responsible use of antibiotics in aquaculture. In, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Fisheries Technical Paper, Roma, pp: 469.
• Referans18 Smith, D.C., Forland, S., Bachanos, E., Matejka, M., & Barrett, V. (2001). Qualitative analysis of citrus fruits extracts by GC/MS: an undergraduate experiment. Journal of Chemical Education, 6, 28–31.Referans19 Sultana, S.M., Ali, S., Ansari, H., & Bagri, P. (2007). A new sequiterpene derivative from fruit peel of Citrus limon (Linn.) Burm. f. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 75, 165–170.
• Referans1 Al-Ani, WN., Al-Haliem, S.M., & Tawfik, NO. (2009). Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of citrus juices: An in vitro study. Al–Rafidain Dental Journal, 10, 376–382.
• Referans2 Andrews, J.M. (2004). BSAC standardized disc susceptibility testing method (V.3). Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 53,713–728.
• Referans3 Bansemir, A., Blume, M., Schröder, S., & Lindequist, U. (2006). Screening of cultivated seaweeds for antibacterial activity against fish pathogenic bacteria. Aquaculture, 252, 79–84.
• Referans4 Cowan, M.M. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin Microbiol Rev, 12(4), 564–82.
• Referans5 Debbarma, J., Kishore, P., Nayak, B.B., Kannuchamy, N., & Gudıpati, V. (2013). Antibacterial activity of ginger, eucalyptus and sweet orange peel essential oils on fish-borne bacteria. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 37, 1022–1030.
• Referans6 Dugo, G., & Mondello L. (2011). Citrus oils, composition, advanced, analytical techniques, contaminants and biological activity. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group, pp: 75–78.
• Referans7Ekici, S., Diler, Ö., Didinen, B.I., & Kubilay A. (2011). Antibacterial activity of essential oils from medicinal plants againts bacterial fish pathogens. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 17,47– 54.
• Referans8 Elof, J.N. (1998). A sensitive and quick microplate method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of plant extracts for bacteria. Planta Medica, 64, 711–713.
• Referans9 Geraci, A., Di Stefano, V., Di Martino, E., Schillaci, D., & Schicchi, R. (2017). Essential oil components of orange peels and antimicrobial activity. Natural Product Research, 31:6, 653–659.