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Yumuşak Kabuklu Nil Kaplumbağası (Trionyx triunguis): Yuva parametreleri ve yeni bir yuvalama alanı

Year 2018, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 303 - 311, 01.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.407211

Abstract

Türkiye’de bulunan Trionyx triunguis (Yumuşak Kabuklu Nil Kaplumbağası) yuva parametreleri ile
ilgili batı Akdeniz sahillerinde yapılan az sayıda çalışma dışında bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu
çalışmada, Türkiye’nin orta ve doğu Akdeniz sahillerinde bulunan Belek, Göksu ve Burnaz kumsallarında
12 adet Yumuşak Kabuklu Nil Kaplumbağası yuvasına ait 2016 ve 2017 sezonlarındaki yuva
parametreleri değerlendirilmiştir. Yuvalamaların mayıs ayında (%17) başladığı ancak haziran ayında
(%83) yoğunlaştığı görülmüştür. Yuvaların kıyı çizgisine uzaklığı, derinliği, sıcaklığı, kuluçka büyüklüğü
ve yavru çıkışı başarıları hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın gerçekleştirildiği üç kumsalda en düşük yavru çıkışı
başarısı Göksu Kumsalı’nda (0,18 ± 0,26) iken Belek (0,75 ± 0,22) ve Burnaz (0,72 ± 0,36) birbirine yakın
değerdedir. Kuluçka sıcaklıkları, embriyoların sağlıklı bir şekilde gelişebileceği aralıkta (29,5–33,0 °C)
ölçülmesine karşın, yuva içerisindeki yumurtaların en fazla geç embriyonik dönemde öldüğü (5,1 ± 9,6)
bunu erken (1,8 ± 3,1) ve orta dönem (0,3 ± 0,6) embriyoların izlediği tespit edilmiştir. Döllenmemiş
yumurta sayıları en yüksek Burnaz Kumsalı’nda (14,5 ± 19,1) ve en düşük Belek Kumsalında (1,0 ± 1,5)
kaydedilmiştir. Yuva parametrelerinin birbirleri arasındaki ilişkileri incelendiğinde yalnızca yuva içi
sıcaklığının, kuluçka büyüklüğü ile istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu
çalışma ile, Burnaz kumsalı Yumuşak Kabuklu Nil Kaplumbağası için yeni bir yuvalama alanı olarak
tespit edilerek, bu türün üç kumsala ait yuvalarındaki yuva parametreleri ortaya konmuştur

References

  • Akçınar, S. C. (2006). Nesting activity of sea turtles in Göksu Delta (Silifke, Mersin, Turkey) 2005. (MSc thesis), Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
  • Akçınar, S. C., & Taşkavak, E. (2017). Population size and structure of the African Softshell Turtle, Trionyx triunguis, in Dalaman, southwestern Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East, 63(3), 202-209.
  • Atatür, M. K. (1979). Investigations on the morphology and osteology, biotope and distribution in Anatolia of Trionyx triunguis (Reptilia, Testudines) with some observations on its biology (Vol. 18). İzmir: Ege University Faculty of Science Monographs.
  • Baran, İ., Kumlutaş, Y., Kaska, Y., & Türkozan, O. (1994). Research on the Amphibia, Reptilia and Mammalia species of the Köyceğiz – Dalyan Special Protected Area. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 18, 203-219.
  • Candan, O. (2018). Impact of nest relocation on the reproductive success of Loggerhead Turtles, Caretta caretta, in the Goksu Delta, Turkey (Reptilia: Cheloniidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 64(1), 38-46. Carr, A., & Hirth, H. (1961). Social Facilitation in Green Turtle Hatchlings. Animal Behaviour, 9(1-2), 68-70.
  • Frazer, N. B., & Richardson, J. I. (1985). Annual Variation in Clutch Size and Frequency for Loggerhead Turtles, Caretta-Caretta, Nesting at Little Cumberland Island, Georgia, USA. Herpetologica, 41(3), 246-251.
  • Gidis, M., & Kaska, Y. (2004). Population size, reproductive ecology and heavy metal levels in eggshells of the Nile soft-shell turtle (Trionyx triunguis) around thermal Lake Kukurtlu (Sulphurous), Mugla-Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 13(5), 405-412.
  • Gramentz, D. (2005). Die Nilweichschildkröte - Trionyx triunguis. Frankfurt am Main: Edition Chimaira.
  • Guclu, O., Ulger, C., & Turkozan, O. (2011). Genetic Variation of the Nile Soft-Shelled Turtle (Trionyx triunguis). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12(10), 6418-6431.
  • Guclu, O., Ulger, C., Turkozan, O., Gemel, R., Reimann, M., Levy, Y., Ergene, S., Ucar, A.H., Aymak, C. (2009). First Assessment of Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in the Endangered Nile Softshell Turtle, Trionyx triunguis, in the Mediterranean. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 8(2), 222-226.
  • Kaska, Y., Sözbilen, D., Başale, E., Katılmış, Y., & Azmaz, M. (2017). Monitoring and Conservation Studies on Nile Soft-Shelled Turtle (Trionyx triunguis) During 2016 Nesting Season on Dalaman and Dalyan Nesting Beaches, Turkey. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on EuroAsian Biodiversity, Minsk, Belarus.
  • Kasparek, M. (1994). Die Nil-Weichschildkrote - eine stark bedrohte Reptilienart im Mittelmeergebiet. Herpetofauna, 16(89), 8-13.
  • Kasparek, M. (2001). The Nile Soft-Shelled Turtle, Trionyx triunguis, Towards an Action Plan for the Conservation in the Mediterranean (pp. 1-10): MEDASSET.
  • Katılmış, Y., & Urhan, R. (2007). Insects and mites infestation on eggs and hatchlings of the Nile Soft-shelled Turtle, Trionyx triunguis, in Kükürtlü Lake (Turkey). Zoology in the Middle East, 40(1), 39-44.
  • Kinzelbach, R. (1986). Recent records of the Nile Soft-shelled Turtle, Trionyx triunguis, and of the Euphrates Soft-shelled Turtle, Trionyx euphraticus, in the Middle East. Zoology in the Middle East, 1(1), 83-87.
  • Leshem, A., Ar, A., & Ackerman, R. A. (1991). Growth, Water, and Energy-Metabolism of the Soft-Shelled Turtle (Trionyx triunguis) Embryo - Effects of Temperature. Physiological Zoology, 64(2), 568-594.
  • Miller, J. D. (1985). Embryology of marine turtles (Vol. 14 Development). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Mrosovsky, N., & Yntema, C. L. (1980). Temperature-Dependence of Sexual-Differentiation in Sea Turtles - Implications for Conservation Practices. Biological Conservation, 18(4), 271-280.
  • Onder, B. F., & Candan, O. (2016). The feminizing effect of metabolic heating in Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) clutches in the eastern Mediterranean. Zoology in the Middle East, 62(3), 239-246.
  • Ozdemir, A., Turkozan, O., & Guclu, O. (2008). Embryonic mortality in loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nests: a comparative study on Fethiye and Goksu Delta Beaches. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 32(3), 287-292.
  • Plummer, M. V. (1977). Reproduction and Growth in the Turtle Trionyx muticus. Copeia, 1977(3), 440-447.
  • Rozner, O., & Shaines, U. (2010). Research report on the Nile Soft Shell turtle (Trionyx triunguis) in Nahal Alexander. Israel: Nature Conservation.
  • Shanas, U., Gidis, M., Kaska, Y., Kimalov, Y., Rosner, O., & Ben-Shlomo, R. (2012). The Nile Soft-shell Turtle, Trionyx triunguis, of Israel and Turkey: Two genetically indistinguishable populations? (Reptilia: Testudines: Trionychidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 57(1), 61-68.
  • Taşkavak, E., & Akçınar, S. C. (2009). Marine records of the Nile soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx triunguis from Turkey. Marine Biodiversity Records, 2, e9.
  • Taşkavak, E., Reimann, M. J., & Polder, W. N. (1999). First record of the Nile soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx triunguis, from Kos Island, Greece, with comments on its occurrence in the eastern Mediterranean. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 3(3), 510-512.
  • Türkozan, O., Ilgaz, Ç., & Yılmaz, C. (2006). A Short Report on the Nile Soft-Shell Turtle, Trionyx triunguis (Forsskål 1775), at Dalyan Beach, Turkey. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 13(1), 47-52.
  • van Dijk, P. P., Diagne, T., Luiselli, L., Baker, P. J., Türkozan, O., & Taskavak, E. (2017). Trionyx triunguis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.
  • Whitmore, C. P., & Dutton, P. H. (1985). Infertility, embryonic mortality and nest-site selection in leatherback and green sea turtles in Suriname. Biological Conservation, 34(3), 251-272.

The Nile Softshell Turtle (Trionyx triunguis): Nest Parameters and A New Nesting Site

Year 2018, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 303 - 311, 01.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.407211

Abstract

There are no studies carried out on nest parameters of the Nile softshell turtle (Trionyx triunguis) in
Turkey except for few studies on the Western Mediterranean coast of Turkey. In this study, 12 nests of the
Nile softshell turtle were examined in terms of nest parameters during 2016 and 2017 nesting seasons on
Belek, Göksu, and Burnaz beaches located on the Central and Eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey.
Nesting period started in May (17%) but intensified in June (83%). The distance of nests to the shore,
depth of nests, clutch temperature, clutch size, and hatching success in the nests were recorded and
calculated. Among three beaches, the lowest hatching success rate was on Göksu Beach (0.18 ± 0.26),
whereas the values were similar on Belek (0.75 ± 0.22) and Burnaz (0.72 ± 0.36) beaches. Although clutch
temperatures were measured in a range (29.5–33.0 °C) that is optimal for embryo development, most of
the eggs inside nests were dead at the late embryonic period (5.1 ± 9.6) which was followed by early (1.8
± 3.1) and middle stage embryos (0.3 ± 0,6). The highest number of unfertilized eggs was recorded on
Burnaz Beach (14.5 ± 19.1) and the lowest was on Belek Beach (1.0 ± 1.5). Regarding the relationship
between the nest parameters, it was detected that only the clutch temperature has a significant relationship
with the clutch size. In this study, a new nesting site for the softshell Nile turtle on Burnaz Beach was
discovered and nest parameters in this species were indicated on three beaches.

References

  • Akçınar, S. C. (2006). Nesting activity of sea turtles in Göksu Delta (Silifke, Mersin, Turkey) 2005. (MSc thesis), Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
  • Akçınar, S. C., & Taşkavak, E. (2017). Population size and structure of the African Softshell Turtle, Trionyx triunguis, in Dalaman, southwestern Turkey. Zoology in the Middle East, 63(3), 202-209.
  • Atatür, M. K. (1979). Investigations on the morphology and osteology, biotope and distribution in Anatolia of Trionyx triunguis (Reptilia, Testudines) with some observations on its biology (Vol. 18). İzmir: Ege University Faculty of Science Monographs.
  • Baran, İ., Kumlutaş, Y., Kaska, Y., & Türkozan, O. (1994). Research on the Amphibia, Reptilia and Mammalia species of the Köyceğiz – Dalyan Special Protected Area. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 18, 203-219.
  • Candan, O. (2018). Impact of nest relocation on the reproductive success of Loggerhead Turtles, Caretta caretta, in the Goksu Delta, Turkey (Reptilia: Cheloniidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 64(1), 38-46. Carr, A., & Hirth, H. (1961). Social Facilitation in Green Turtle Hatchlings. Animal Behaviour, 9(1-2), 68-70.
  • Frazer, N. B., & Richardson, J. I. (1985). Annual Variation in Clutch Size and Frequency for Loggerhead Turtles, Caretta-Caretta, Nesting at Little Cumberland Island, Georgia, USA. Herpetologica, 41(3), 246-251.
  • Gidis, M., & Kaska, Y. (2004). Population size, reproductive ecology and heavy metal levels in eggshells of the Nile soft-shell turtle (Trionyx triunguis) around thermal Lake Kukurtlu (Sulphurous), Mugla-Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 13(5), 405-412.
  • Gramentz, D. (2005). Die Nilweichschildkröte - Trionyx triunguis. Frankfurt am Main: Edition Chimaira.
  • Guclu, O., Ulger, C., & Turkozan, O. (2011). Genetic Variation of the Nile Soft-Shelled Turtle (Trionyx triunguis). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12(10), 6418-6431.
  • Guclu, O., Ulger, C., Turkozan, O., Gemel, R., Reimann, M., Levy, Y., Ergene, S., Ucar, A.H., Aymak, C. (2009). First Assessment of Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in the Endangered Nile Softshell Turtle, Trionyx triunguis, in the Mediterranean. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 8(2), 222-226.
  • Kaska, Y., Sözbilen, D., Başale, E., Katılmış, Y., & Azmaz, M. (2017). Monitoring and Conservation Studies on Nile Soft-Shelled Turtle (Trionyx triunguis) During 2016 Nesting Season on Dalaman and Dalyan Nesting Beaches, Turkey. Paper presented at the 3rd International Symposium on EuroAsian Biodiversity, Minsk, Belarus.
  • Kasparek, M. (1994). Die Nil-Weichschildkrote - eine stark bedrohte Reptilienart im Mittelmeergebiet. Herpetofauna, 16(89), 8-13.
  • Kasparek, M. (2001). The Nile Soft-Shelled Turtle, Trionyx triunguis, Towards an Action Plan for the Conservation in the Mediterranean (pp. 1-10): MEDASSET.
  • Katılmış, Y., & Urhan, R. (2007). Insects and mites infestation on eggs and hatchlings of the Nile Soft-shelled Turtle, Trionyx triunguis, in Kükürtlü Lake (Turkey). Zoology in the Middle East, 40(1), 39-44.
  • Kinzelbach, R. (1986). Recent records of the Nile Soft-shelled Turtle, Trionyx triunguis, and of the Euphrates Soft-shelled Turtle, Trionyx euphraticus, in the Middle East. Zoology in the Middle East, 1(1), 83-87.
  • Leshem, A., Ar, A., & Ackerman, R. A. (1991). Growth, Water, and Energy-Metabolism of the Soft-Shelled Turtle (Trionyx triunguis) Embryo - Effects of Temperature. Physiological Zoology, 64(2), 568-594.
  • Miller, J. D. (1985). Embryology of marine turtles (Vol. 14 Development). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Mrosovsky, N., & Yntema, C. L. (1980). Temperature-Dependence of Sexual-Differentiation in Sea Turtles - Implications for Conservation Practices. Biological Conservation, 18(4), 271-280.
  • Onder, B. F., & Candan, O. (2016). The feminizing effect of metabolic heating in Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) clutches in the eastern Mediterranean. Zoology in the Middle East, 62(3), 239-246.
  • Ozdemir, A., Turkozan, O., & Guclu, O. (2008). Embryonic mortality in loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nests: a comparative study on Fethiye and Goksu Delta Beaches. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 32(3), 287-292.
  • Plummer, M. V. (1977). Reproduction and Growth in the Turtle Trionyx muticus. Copeia, 1977(3), 440-447.
  • Rozner, O., & Shaines, U. (2010). Research report on the Nile Soft Shell turtle (Trionyx triunguis) in Nahal Alexander. Israel: Nature Conservation.
  • Shanas, U., Gidis, M., Kaska, Y., Kimalov, Y., Rosner, O., & Ben-Shlomo, R. (2012). The Nile Soft-shell Turtle, Trionyx triunguis, of Israel and Turkey: Two genetically indistinguishable populations? (Reptilia: Testudines: Trionychidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 57(1), 61-68.
  • Taşkavak, E., & Akçınar, S. C. (2009). Marine records of the Nile soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx triunguis from Turkey. Marine Biodiversity Records, 2, e9.
  • Taşkavak, E., Reimann, M. J., & Polder, W. N. (1999). First record of the Nile soft-shelled turtle, Trionyx triunguis, from Kos Island, Greece, with comments on its occurrence in the eastern Mediterranean. Chelonian Conservation and Biology, 3(3), 510-512.
  • Türkozan, O., Ilgaz, Ç., & Yılmaz, C. (2006). A Short Report on the Nile Soft-Shell Turtle, Trionyx triunguis (Forsskål 1775), at Dalyan Beach, Turkey. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 13(1), 47-52.
  • van Dijk, P. P., Diagne, T., Luiselli, L., Baker, P. J., Türkozan, O., & Taskavak, E. (2017). Trionyx triunguis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017.
  • Whitmore, C. P., & Dutton, P. H. (1985). Infertility, embryonic mortality and nest-site selection in leatherback and green sea turtles in Suriname. Biological Conservation, 34(3), 251-272.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Onur Candan 0000-0002-9254-4122

Publication Date December 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 14 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Candan, O. (2018). The Nile Softshell Turtle (Trionyx triunguis): Nest Parameters and A New Nesting Site. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(4), 303-311. https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.407211
AMA Candan O. The Nile Softshell Turtle (Trionyx triunguis): Nest Parameters and A New Nesting Site. JEFF. December 2018;14(4):303-311. doi:10.22392/egirdir.407211
Chicago Candan, Onur. “The Nile Softshell Turtle (Trionyx triunguis): Nest Parameters and A New Nesting Site”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi 14, no. 4 (December 2018): 303-11. https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.407211.
EndNote Candan O (December 1, 2018) The Nile Softshell Turtle (Trionyx triunguis): Nest Parameters and A New Nesting Site. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi 14 4 303–311.
IEEE O. Candan, “The Nile Softshell Turtle (Trionyx triunguis): Nest Parameters and A New Nesting Site”, JEFF, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 303–311, 2018, doi: 10.22392/egirdir.407211.
ISNAD Candan, Onur. “The Nile Softshell Turtle (Trionyx triunguis): Nest Parameters and A New Nesting Site”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi 14/4 (December 2018), 303-311. https://doi.org/10.22392/egirdir.407211.
JAMA Candan O. The Nile Softshell Turtle (Trionyx triunguis): Nest Parameters and A New Nesting Site. JEFF. 2018;14:303–311.
MLA Candan, Onur. “The Nile Softshell Turtle (Trionyx triunguis): Nest Parameters and A New Nesting Site”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 4, 2018, pp. 303-11, doi:10.22392/egirdir.407211.
Vancouver Candan O. The Nile Softshell Turtle (Trionyx triunguis): Nest Parameters and A New Nesting Site. JEFF. 2018;14(4):303-11.