Agricultural Production Systems in Sudan

Abstract

Agriculture is one of the strategic elements of any developed or developing country. It's fundamentally related to political and social stability. Sudan is characterized as an agricultural country that has all the extended factors of that. Agriculture and cultivating-related activities are carried out in many different patterns which are adopted and practiced in Sudan. Agricultural production in Sudan is generally practiced through three systems: small-scale farming using a traditional rain-fed system, mechanized rain-fed systems, and irrigated farming systems. Each system produces specific crops and is located in appropriate regions with varying levels of mechanization in the production areas. Manually carried tools and animal power dominate in the traditional rain-fed system. Mechanical energy and sophisticated tools are commonly used in irrigated and mechanized rain-fed systems. Different crops are grown in Sudan regarding of farming system. Here we are presenting the common agricultural practices systems in Sudan, which help those who are unfamiliar and/or interested in this country to get closer by knowing the cropping systems in Sudan.

Keywords

• Constraint
• Crop yield
• Farming system
• Irrigated system
• Rain-fed

References

1. Abdalla, A. A., & Abdel Nour, H. O. (2001). The agricultural potential of Sudan. Executive Intelligence Review, 28(8), 37-45.
2. Abdel Rahman, A. M., Abdalla, S. A., & Elfadil, A. D. (2022). Farmers Adoption of Agricultural Mechanization in Rainfed Sector, Gedarif State, Sudan. Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research, 11(02), 556-562.
3. Ahmed, A. (2004). Challenges of agricultural technology transfer and productivity increase in the Sudan. International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, 4(2), 136-150.
4. Awadalla, A. M., Kang, S., Kwon, T., & Haider, S. A. (2019). Agricultural mechanization status for some crops in irrigated sector in River Nile State, Sudan. Journal of Agricultural Science (Toronto), 11(13), 127-133.
5. Bello, A. S., Mahmoud, E. M., & Osman, A. M. (2016). Identification of Factors that Affect Crop Productivity in the Traditional Rain-fed Sector of Sudan. New York Science Journal, 9(10), 1554- 0200.
6. Central Bank of Sudan (CBOS) (2017). Annual Report. Khartoum, Sudan.
7. Eldaw, A. M. (2004). The Gezira Scheme: perspectives for sustainable development.
8. FAO (2022). Special report − 2021 FAO Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission to the Sudan. 21 March 2022. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb9122en.

9. Getahun, A. (1978). Agricultural systems in Ethiopia. Agricultural Systems, 3(4), 281-293.
10. Hardy, M., Dziba, L., Kilian, W., & Tolmay, J. (2011). Rainfed farming systems in South Africa. Rainfed farming systems, 395-432.
11. Ibrahim, A. H., Purnomo, E. P., & Malawani, A. D. (2020). The most important agricultural products that Sudan exports and the mechanisms to develop. Asian Journal of Agriculture Extension, Economic. Social, 38(8), 121-133.
12. Ibrahim, I. E., Al-feel, M. A., & Ahmed, A. E. (2014). Identification of factors that influence technical efficiency of cash crops production (sesame and groundnut) in North Kordofan state, Sudan. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research2277, 8616.
13. Ibrahim, M. A., Mahmoud, M. A., & Hassan, E. E. (2015). Impact of some technological interventions on sorghum and sesame yields under small-scale rain fed areas of Sennar State, Sudan. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 22(2), 270-281.
14. Lee, J., & Chula Vista, C. A. (not dated) Sudan: Methods of Sustainable Agriculture.
15. Mohamed, I. A.W. (2011). Assessment of the Role of Agriculture in Sudan Economy. MPRA Paper No. 33119, posted 02 Sep 2011 02:55 UTC, Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/33119/.
16. Mustafa, R. H. (2006). Risk Management in the rain-fed sector of Sudan: case study, Gedaref area Eastern Sudan (Vol. 82). PhD thesis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Systems Management, Justus – Liebig University, Giessen.
17. Osman, A. K., & Ali, A. M. (2021). Sudan - land, climate, energy, agriculture and development: A study in the Sudano-Sahel Initiative for regional development, jobs, and food security, ZEF Working Paper Series, No. 203, University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF), Bonn.
18. Plusquellec, H. (1990). The Gezira irrigation scheme in Sudan. World Bank technical paper, 120.
19. Siddig, K., Ahmed, A., & Woldie, G. (2011). National and regional implications of agricultural efficiency improvement in Sudan. Journal of Development and Economic Policies, 13(2), 5-26.
20. Siddig, K., Stepanyan, D., Wiebelt, M., Grethe, H., & Zhu, T. (2020). Climate change and agriculture in the Sudan: Impact pathways beyond changes in mean rainfall and temperature. Ecological Economics, 169, 106566