Agricultural Production and Food Security in Climate Change Process of Europe

Abstract

Climate change is known as changing in weather and atmospheric air which remains for centuries and these changes could be happened naturally or due to human actions. These climatic changes might have negative effects on Agricultural production. In this review I will discuss about the negative effects of climate change on agriculture in Europe. These climatic changing negative factors include heavy rainfalls, drought and temperature instabilities, salinity, soil sterility, and insect pest outbreaks which leads to endangerment of natural life cycle, and have negative impacts on agricultural yield. In European countries temperature and rainfall are the major fluctuating factors which have negative impacts on agriculture food crops and becomes a threat for food security in future. The major food crops in Europe which can be effected by variability in climate includes wheat, rice, sorghum, maize and barley.

Keywords

• Climate change
• Agriculture production
• crops
• Food security

References

1. Aquaculture Production in Karachi of Pakistan. International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research (IJETMR), 9(8): 16–23.
2. Altieri M. A. & Nicholls C. I. 2017. The adaptation and mitigation potential of traditional agriculture in a changing climate. Clim. Chang.140: 33–45.
3. Asseng S., Ewert F., Martre P. Rötter R. P., Lobell D., Cammarano D., Kimball B., Ottman M., Wall G. & White J. W. 2015. Rising temperatures reduce global wheat production. Nat. Clim. Change, 5:143.
4. Bağdatlı M. C. & Belliturk K. 2016. Negative effects of climate change in turkey. Adv Plants Agric Res. 3(2):44‒46. DOI: 10.15406/apar.2016.03.00091.
5. Bağdatlı M. C., Uçak I. & Elsheikh W. 2023. Impact of Global Warming on Aquaculture in Norway. International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research. 10(3): 13–25. doi: 10.29121/ijetmr.v10.i3.2023.1307
6. Bağdatlı M. C. & Arıkan E. N. 2020. Evaluation of maximum and total open surface evaporation by using trend analysis method in Nigde province of Turkey, International Journal of Geography and Regional Planning. 6(1): 138-145.
7. Bağdatlı M. C. & Arslan O. 2019. Evaluation of the number of rainy days observed for long years due to global climate change in Nevşehir /Turkey. Recent Research in Science and Technology Journal. 11:9-11.
8. Bağdatlı M. C. & Arslan O. 2020. Trend Analysis of Precipitation Data Observed for Many Years (1970-2019) in Niğde Center and Ulukisla District of Turkey.

9. Bağdatlı M. C. & Ballı Y. 2019. Evaluation with Trend Analysis of the Open Surface Evaporation in Observed for Many Years: The Case Study in Nevsehir Province of Turkey. Recent Research in Science and Technology Journal, 11:15-23.
10. Bağdatlı M. C. & Ballı Y. 2020. The analysis of soil temperatures in different depths using spearman's rho and mann-kendall correlation tests: the case study of Nigde center in Turkey, International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research (IJETMR), 7(5): 38-55.
11. Bağdatlı M. C. & Can E. 2019. Analysis of Precipitation Data by Mann Kendall and Sperman's Rho Rank Correlation Statistical Approaches in Nevsehir Province of Turkey. Recent Research in Science and Technology Journal, 11: 24-31.
12. Bağdatlı M. C & Can E. 2020. Temperature Changes of Niğde Province in Turkey: Trend analysis of 50 years data, International Journal of Ecology and Development Research. 6(2): 62-71.
13. Bağdatlı M. C., İstanbulluoğlu A., Altürk B. & Arslan C. 2014. Uzun Yıllık Sıcaklık Verilerindeki Değişim Trendinin Tarımsal Kuraklık Açısından Değerlendirilmesi: Çorlu Örneği, Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 2 (1): 100-107.
14. Bernstein L., Bosch P., Canziani O., Chen Z., Christ R., Davidson O., Hare W., Huq S., Karoly D., Kattsov V., Kundzewicz Z., Liu J., Lohmann U., Manning M., Matsuno T., Menne B., Metz B., Mirza M., Nicholls N., Nurse L., Pachauri R., Palutikof J., Parry M., Qin D., Ravindranath N., Reisinger A., Ren J., Riahi K., Rosenzweig C., Rusticucci M., Schneider S., Sokona Y., Solomon S., Stott P., Stouffer R., Sugiyama T., Swart R., Tirpak D., Vogel C. & Yohe G. 2007. IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva. .
15. Cai Y., Alla A., Golub T. W. & Hertel. 2017. Agricultural Research Spending Must Increase in Light of Future Uncertainties. Food Policy. 70: 71–83.
16. Campbell B. M., Vermeulen S. J., Aggarwal P. K., Corner-Dolloff C., Girvetz E., Loboguerrero A. M., Ramirez-Villegas J., Rosenstock T., Sebastian L. & Thornton P. K. 2016. Reducing risks to food security from climate change. Glob. Food Sec. 11:34–43.
17. Dhankher O. P. & Foyer C. H. 2018. Climate resilient crops for improving global food security and safety. Plant Cell Environ. 41: 877–884.
18. Elsheikh, W., Uçak, İ., Bağdatlı, M.C., Mofid, A., 2022a. Effect of Climate Change on Agricultural Production: A Case Study Khartoum State, Sudan, Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research (OAJAR), 7(3):1-10, doi: 10.23880/oajar-16000299
19. Elsheikh W., Uçak İ. & Bağdatlı M. C. 2022b. The Assessment of Global Warming on Fish Production in Red Sea Region of Sudan, Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research. 6(2):110-119.
20. Euractiv 2018. Extreme drought causes EU vegetables ‘most serious’ crisis in 40 years –EURACTIV.com. Euractiv https://www.euractiv.com/section/agriculture-food/news/ extreme-drought-causes-eu-vegetables-most-serious-crisis-in-40-years/ (Accessed 14 Sep 2018).
21. European Commission 2007a. Adapting to Climate Change in Europe – Options for EU Action. Green Paper from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM (2007)354 final, SEC (2007) 849. European Commission, Brussels. .
22. García-Herrera R., Díaz J. & Trigo R. M. et al. 2010. A review of the European summer heat wave of 2003. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40:267–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 10643380802238137.
23. Hellin J., Bellon M. R. & Hearne S. J. 2014. Maize landraces and adaptation to climate change in Mexico. J. Crop Improv. 28:484–501.
24. IPCC 2019. Climate Change and Land. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
25. İstanbulluoğlu A., Bağdatlı M. C. & Arslan C. 2013. Uzun Yıllık Yağış Verilerinin Trend Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi: Tekirdag-Çorlu ilçesi Uygulaması, Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty. 10 (2): 70-77.
26. Kurnik B. 2017. Economic Losses from Climate-Related Extremes. European Environment Agency (EEA), Denmark.
27. Lesk C., Rowhani P. & Ramankutty N. 2016. Influence of extreme weather disasters on global crop production. Nature. 529:84.
28. Marsh T. Cole G. & Wilby R. 2007. Major droughts in England and Wales, 1800–2006. Weather. 62: 87–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/wea.67.
29. Olesen J. E. & Bindi M. 2002. Consequences of climate change for European agricultural productivity, land use and policy. Eur. J. Agron. 16:239–262.
30. Olesen J. E., Trnka M., Kersebaum K. C., Skjelvåg A. Seguin B., Peltonen-Sainio P., Rossi F., Kozyra J. & Micale F. 2011. Impacts and adaptation of European crop production systems to climate change. Eur. J. Agron. 34: 96–112.
31. Pradhan G. P., Prasad P. V., Fritz A. K., Kirkham M. B. & Gill B. S. 2012. Effects of drought and high temperature stress on synthetic hexaploid wheat. Funct. Plant Biol. 39:190–198.
32. Richardson K. J., Lewis K. H., Krishnamurthy P. K., Kent C., Wiltshire A. J. & Hanlon H. M. 2018. Food security outcomes under a changing climate: Impacts of mitigation and adaptation on vulnerability to food insecurity. Clim. Chang. 147:327–341.
33. Rosenzweig C., Iglesias A., Yang X. B., Epstein P. R. & Chivian E. 2001. Climate change and extreme weather events: implications for food production, plant diseases, and pests. Global Change Hum. Health. 2: 90–104. doi: 10.1023/ A:1015086831467.
34. Ruf F., Schroth G. & Doffangui K. 2015. Climate change, cocoa migrations and deforestation in West Africa: What does the past tell us about the future? Sustain. Sci. 10:101–111.
35. Spinoni J., Naumann G., Vogt J. V. & Barbosa P. 2015. The biggest drought events in Europe from 1950 to 2012. J. Hydrol. Reg. Stud. 3:509–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/J. EJRH.2015.01.001.
36. The Guardian 2018. Crop failure and bankruptcy threaten farmers as drought grips Europe| Environment| the Guardian. Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/20/crop-failure-and-bankruptcy-threaten farmers-as-drought grips-europe, Accessed date: 14 September 2018.
37. Wang Z. & Huang B. 2004. Physiological recovery of Kentucky bluegrass from simultaneous drought and heat stress. Crop Sci. 44:1729–1736.
38. Watson R. T., Albritton D. L., Barker T., Bashmakov I. A., Canziani O., Christ R., Cubasch U., Davidson O., Gitay H., Griggs D., Houghton J., House J., Kundzewicz Z., Lal M., Leary N., Magadza C., McCarthy J. J., Mitchell J. F. B., Moreira J. R., Munasinghe M., Noble I., Pachauri R., Pittock B., Prather M., Richels R. G., Robinson J. B., Sathaye J., Schneider S., Scholes R., Stocker T., Sundararaman N., Swart R., Taniguchi T. & Zhou D. 2001. IPCC, 2001: Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report. A Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York. .
39. Wolf T. & Menne B. 2007. The Health Risk of Climate Variability and Change in Italy. World Health Organization and Italian Agency for Environmental Protection and Technical Services, Rome. .