A Mini-Review of Santalum album L. (Santalaceae)

Abstract

The Santalum album L., belonging to the family Santalaceae, is one of the valuable sources of natural fragrance with high medicinal and commercial values. It has fragrant heartwood and is widely cultivated in India and other countries such as Australia and Indonesia. The availability and production of the Santalum album have declined significantly due to overharvesting and spike disease. The Santalum album flourishes on well-drained and loamy soil with a pH range of 6‒9. It also grows on laterite soil, but not waterlogged ground, and preferably on slopes of hills exposed to the sun. It requires a minimum of 20 to 25 inches of rainfall per year; more than 80 inches is detrimental. The species is hemiparasitic, having photosynthetic capacity, but water, mineral nutrients, and organic substances are acquired via the haustorium of the host plant. Host plants are divided into three categories, including pot, intermediate, and long-term hosts. The selection of suitable host species is critical to ensuring high levels of the Santalum album field survival and growth. Indian Sandalwood is extensively used as a fragrance ingredient in perfumes, creams, soaps, detergents, lotions, etc. Furthermore, it is used as a flavoring substance in food products. Indian Sandalwood possesses various medicinally significant activities such as antiviral, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, anti-hypercholesterolemia, and anti-hair loss.

Keywords

• Indian Sandalwood
• Host plants
• Habitat
• Spike disease
• Traditional medicine.

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