The Dynamics of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) Oxides and Their Impact on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Coconut and Teak Plantations

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 138 - 149, 31.12.2025

Efenudu Ufuoma Isaiah Anthonia Osayanmon Bakare

https://izlik.org/JA56KK89HL

Abstract

This study investigated the dynamics of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) oxides and their impact on soil physical and chemical properties in coconut and teak plantations. Soil samples were collected from both plantations at different depths and analyzed for various physical and chemical properties, including pH (4.50-5.20), electrical conductivity (90.33-128.0 μS/cm), organic carbon (2.23-8.43 g/kg), total nitrogen (0.23-0.83 g/kg), available phosphorus (0.61-1.42 mg/kg), and exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K). The results showed significant variations in soil properties between the two plantations, with the teak plantation having higher levels of Fe and Mn oxides, including total free iron (141.9-199.6 mg/kg) and manganese (68.82-96.92 mg/kg). The study also found significant correlations between various soil properties and forms of Fe and Mn oxides, indicating that these properties can affect the availability and speciation of Fe and Mn in soils. The findings of this study have important implications for soil fertility management and crop production in coconut and teak plantations.

Keywords

Iron oxides , manganese oxides , coconut plantation , teak plantation , and sustainable agriculture

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