Tissue Culture Applications in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Abstract

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a major fresh leafy vegetable and belongs to the Asteraceae family (Compositae). The focus of modern lettuce breeding objectives is to improve horticultural characteristics such as quality, resistance to early bolting and breeding for resistance to pests and diseases. These characteristics may be improved using biotechnology and gene transfer strategies. Tissue culture methods have proved successful in rescuing selected lettuce genotypes and producing seeds in a disease-free environment. And also overcome the limitations of in vivo techniques by shortening period of breeding programmes. The genetic engineering of lettuce requires a reliable and efficient tissue culture methods. Among these methods haploidization is of great interest for producing pure lines. Shoot organogenesis may aid the use of genetic engineering to improve important characteristics of lettuce. Embryo rescue is an important application for transfering the resistance to downy mildew, LMV, and beet western yellows virus from L. virosa and L. saligna into cultivated lettuce. Somatic hybridization via protoplast fusion has also been used to gain access to exotic, sexually incompatible germplasm. Propagation from axillary and apical buds of lettuce plants can also be routinely carried out. If propagation through tissue culture can be done efficiently on a large scale, it may be used to produce F₁ hybrid plants and fix the hybrid vigour. Somaclonal variation provides another source of genetic variability. Regeneration via Somatic embryogenesis has advantages for lettuces.

 

Keywords

• Lettuce,Somatic embryogenesis,Haploidization,Shoot organogenesis,Somaclonal variation,Somatic hybridization

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