Effects of Heat Stress on Dairy Cattle

Abstract

In the design of dairy cattle shelters, behavior of the animals, climatic environmental factors and herd management have a significant impact. The most important function of dairy cattle barns to protect animals from unfavorable environmental conditions and to increase productivity will be achieved per animal providing with adequate housing environment for them. The most three important factors affecting yield in livestock raising are genetic, nutrition and environmental conditions, respectively. These three factors in order to achieve the highest level efficiency from the animals should be handled at the same time. Stress factors in dairy cattle are composed of structural, climatical and social environments. The stress resulting from the climatic environmental conditions occur due to changes of climatic values in the environment in which hosted of the animals. The most important parameter affecting the productivity of dairy cattle is climatical factors. Climatic environmental conditions consist of temperature, air velocity, relative humidity, solar radiation and light etc. parameters. The temperatures within the climatic environmental conditions are more important with regards to can exhibit normal behavior of the animals and their ability to sustain physiological activities. In dairy cattle, associated with rise above of optimum temperature zone of temperature will be broken heat balance of the body and the animals will enter the heat stress if this excess heat does not take away the of body. Shortly after the start of heat stress, declines will occur in milk yield and animal losses will be inevitable if necessary precautions are not taken. In this review, studies conducted related to in dairy cattle breeding how it should be of climatic environmental conditions suitable to animal behavior and effects on dairy cattle of heat stress were summarized.

Keywords

• Behavior,critical temperatures,dairy cattle,heat stress,temperature,Temperature-Humidity Index (THI)

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