Molecular Identification of Sooty Molds on Wheat Fields in Central Anatolia Region and Effect of Seed Germination

Abstract

Surveys were conducted in wheat growing areas of Konya, Ankara, Eskişehir, Yozgat, Kayseri, Kırıkkale, Kırşehir, Aksaray, Nevşehir provinces in 2011-2012 growing seasons in Central Anatolia Region, Turkey. Black heads and black spots on leaves were seen especially during late surveys and the contamination rate in these fields was observed between 40-100%. Thirty six wheat samples were collected from the fields. As a result of isolation from heads, leaves and grains, 88 ‘Sooty Mold’ isolates were obtained belonging to 5 different fungus genus. These fungi cause, known as black point, damage (discolored) grain which affect quality and marketability. In consequence of morphologic identification and DNA sequence analysis, isolates obtained from infected black heads and leaves were determined as Alternaria alternata, Alternaria. chlamydosporigena, Alternaria infectoria, Alternaria quercus, Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria triticina, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium herbarum, Cochliobolus sativus, Epicoccum nigrum and Stemphylium sp. The isolations were made from the grains observed black point, A. alternata, A. infectoria, A. tenuissima, A. triticina, Cochliobolus sativus, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. herbarum, Epicoccum nigrum and Stemphylium sp, were determined. The most prevalent species was found as Alternaria alternata in the fields. In each wheat cultivar tested in inoculated seeds significantly reduced their germination.

Keywords

• Sooty molds. Black head,Wheat,Molecular,Germination

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