Research Article
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Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 66 - 76, 30.06.2024

Abstract

References

  • Abdel-Wareth A. A., Kehraus S. & Südekum K. 2019. Peppermint and its respective active component in diets of broiler chickens: growth performance, viability, economics, meat physicochemical properties, and carcass characteristics, Poultry Science, 98(9), 3850–3859.
  • Abudabos A. M., Alyemni A. H., Dafalla Y. M., Khan R. U. & Swelum A. A. 2017. Effect of dietary supplementation of phytochemicals on the performance and immune status of broiler chickens, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30(1), 47-52.
  • Adegoke A., Abimbola M., Sanwo K. A., Egbeyale L. T., Abiona J. A., Oso A. O. & Iposu S. 2018. Performance and blood biochemistry profile of broiler chickens fed dietary turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder and cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) powders as antioxidants, Veterinary and Animal Science, 6, 95–102.
  • Ahmed A.M.N.I., Hossain M.A., Khatun A., Jamila M., Rashid M.A., Hasan M.M., Rahman S., Islam M.S., Rahman M.A. 2015. Antioxidant and immunostimulant activities of different fractions of Ficus nota, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15:116.
  • Al-Sagan A. A., Khalil S., Hussein E. O. & Attia Y. A. 2020. Effects of Fennel Seed Powder Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, and Economic Efficiency of Broilers under Thermoneutral and Chronic Heat Stress Conditions, Animals, 10(2), 206.
  • Basit M., Kadir A. A., Loh T. C., Aziz S. A., Salleh A., Kaka U. & Idris S. B. 2020. Effects of Inclusion of Different Doses of Persicaria odorata Leaf Meal (POLM) in Broiler Chicken Feed on Biochemical and Haematological Blood Indicators and Liver Histomorphological Changes, Animals, 10(7), 1209.
  • Chen J., Wang C., Wang C., Sheu J., Lin C. & Lin H. 2013. Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf polyphenolic extract inhibits LDL oxidation and foam cell formation involving up-regulation of LXRα/ABCA1 pathway, Food Chemistry, 141(1), 397–406.
  • Crouse J. R., Morgan T. M., Terry J. G., Ellis J., Vitolins M. Z. & Burke G. L. 1999. A randomized trial comparing the effect of casein with that of soy protein containing varying amounts of isoflavones on plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins, Archives of Internal Medicine, 159(17), 2070.
  • Devi P. C., Samanta A. K., Das B. K., Kalita G., Behera P. S. & Barman S. 2018. Effect of plant extracts and essential oil blend as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters on growth performance, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken, Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 35(4), 421
  • Fki I., Bouaziz M., Sahnoun Z. & Sayadi S. 2005. Hypocholesterolemic effects of phenolic-rich extracts of Chemlali olive cultivar in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 13(18), 5362–5370.
  • Gheisar M. M., Hosseindoust A. & Kim, I. H. 2015a. Evaluating the effect of microencapsulated blends of organic acids and essential oils in broiler chickens diet, The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 24(4), 511–519.
  • Gheisar M. M., Im Y. W., Lee H., Choi Y., & Kim I. Y. 2015b. Inclusion of phytogenic blends in different nutrient density diets of meat-type ducks, Poultry Science, 94(12), 2952–2958.
  • Gilani S. M. H., Zehra S., Ul-Hassan F., Galani S. & Ashraf, A. 2018. Effect of natural growth promoters on immunity, and biochemical and haematological parameters of broiler chickens, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 17(4), 627.
  • Hashemi S. R. & Davoodi H. 2011. Herbal plants and their derivatives as growth and health promoters in animal nutrition, Veterinary Research Communications, 35(3), 169–180.
  • Hosain M. Z., Kabir S. M. L., Kamal M. M. 2021. Antimicrobial uses for livestock production in developing countries, Veterinary World, 14, 210–221.
  • Hossain M. E., Ko S. & Yang C. J. 2012. Dietary supplementation of green tea by-products on growth performance, meat quality, blood parameters and immunity in finishing pigs, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(12).
  • Huervana J.F. 2016. Influence of Fermented organic Concoction as Nutrient Supplement in the Performance of Brooding Native Chicken, Western Vizayas State University Research Journal, (5)2, 35-44.
  • He J., Li D., Xu W., Bai K., Chen L., Wu Y., Huang Q., Zhang L. & Wang T. 2015. Dietary Tributyrin Supplementation Attenuates Insulin Resistance and Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Suckling Piglets with Intrauterine Growth Retardation, PLOS ONE, 10(8).
  • Huang H. & Chang H. 2012. Platelets in inflammation and immune modulations: functions beyond hemostasis, Archivum Immunologiae Et Therapiae Experimentalis, 60(6), 443–451.
  • Kiczorowska B., Samolińska W., Świątkiewicz S., Hanczakowska E. & Króliczewska B. 2019. Effects of dietary supplementation with a phytobiotic blend on performance, antioxidant status, and inflammatory response in growing-finishing pigs, Journal of Animal Science, 97(11), 4456-4465.
  • Koochaksaraie R. R., Irani M. & Gharavysi S. 2011. The effects of cinnamon powder feeding on some blood metabolites in broiler chicks, Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 13(3), 197–202.
  • Krauze M., Abramowicz K. & Ognik K. 2020. The Effect of Addition of Probiotic Bacteria (Bacillus Subtilis or Enterococcus faecium) or Phytobiotic Containing Cinnamon Oil to Drinking Water on the Health and Performance of Broiler Chickens, Annals of Animal Science, 20(1), 191–205.
  • Laka K., Makgoo L. & Mbita Z. 2022. Cholesterol-Lowering Phytochemicals: Targeting the mevalonate pathway for anticancer interventions, Frontiers in Genetics, 13.
  • Lanting M. V. & Palaypayon C. M. 2002. Forest tree species with medicinal uses. Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau, Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources. https://erdb.denr.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/denr_v11.pdf (accessed 19 January 2023)
  • Lee M., Park Y. B., Moon S., Bok S. H., Dong-Ju K., Ha T., Jeong T., Jeong K. & Choi M. 2007. Hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant properties of 3-(4-hydroxyl)propanoic acid derivatives in high-cholesterol fed rats, Chemico-Biological Interactions, 170(1), 9–19.
  • Leslie M. 2010. Beyond Clotting: The Powers of Platelets, Science, 328(5978), 562–564.
  • Mapatac L. C. 2015. Antibacterial, Histochemical and Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxicity Activity of Tubog, Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr Leaf and Fruit Extracts, Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 3(2), 111–122.
  • Odunitan-Wayas F. A., Kolanisi U. & Chimonyo M. 2018. Haematological and Serum Biochemical Responses of Ovambo Chickens Fed Provitamin A Biofortified Maize, Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 20(3), 425–434.
  • Oghenebrorhie O. & Oghenesuvwe O. 2016. Performance and Haematological Characteristics of Broiler Finisher Fed Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal Diets, Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 23(1), 28–34.
  • Ognik K., Cholewińska E., Sembratowicz I., Grela E. & Czech A. 2016. The potential of using plant antioxidants to stimulate antioxidant mechanisms in poultry, World's Poultry Science Journal, 72(2), 291–298.
  • Oloruntola O. D. 2019. Effect of pawpaw leaf and seed meal composite mix dietary supplementation on haematological indices, carcass traits and histological studies of broiler chicken, Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 43(1).
  • Roa M. L., Corredor J. R. & Hernández M. C. 2020. Physiological behavior of broilers using diets with Tithonia diversifolia and probiotics, Archivos de zootecnia, 69(268), 406-417.
  • Reis J. H., Gebert R. R., Barreta M. H., Baldissera M. D., Santos I. D. D., Wagner R., Campigotto G., Jaguezeski A. M., Gris A., De Lima J. L., Mendes R. E., Fracasso M., Boiago M. M., Stefani L. M., Santos D. S. D., Da Silva Robazza W. & Da Silva A. S. 2018. Effects of phytogenic feed additive based on thymol, carvacrol and cinnamic aldehyde on body weight, blood parameters and environmental bacteria in broilers chickens, Microbial Pathogenesis, 125, 168–176.
  • Starčević K., Krstulović L., Brozić D., Maurić M., Stojević Z., Mikulec Ž., Bajić M. & Mašek T. 2014. Production performance, meat composition and oxidative susceptibility in broiler chicken fed with different phenolic compounds, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95(6), 1172–1178.
  • Toghyani M., Gheisari A., Ghalamkari G. & Kues W. A. 2011. Evaluation of cinnamon and garlic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on performance, immune responses, serum biochemical and haematological parameters in broiler chicks, Livestock Science, 138(1–3), 167–173.
  • Yan L., Meng Q. & Kim I. H. 2012. Effect of an herb extract mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and fecal microbial shedding in weanling pigs, Livestock Science, 145(1–3), 189–195.
  • Yu N., Wan X., Zhang L., Wang C., He J., Bai K. W., Zhang X., Zhao L. & Wang T. 2019. Effect of different doses of fermented Ginkgo biloba leaves on serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity hepatic gene expression in broilers, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 248, 132–140.
  • Zaikina A. S., Buryakov N. P., Buryakova M. A., Zagarin A. Y., Razhev A. A. & Aleshin D. E. 2022. Impact of supplementing phytobiotics as a substitute for antibiotics in broiler chicken feed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and biochemical parameters, Veterinary Sciences, 9(12), 672.
  • Zeni A. L. B., Moreira T. D., Dalmagro A. P., Camargo A., Bini L. A., Simionatto E. L. & Scharf D. R. 2017. Evaluation of phenolic compounds and lipid-lowering effect of Morus nigra leaves extract, Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias, 89(4), 2805–2815.
  • Zhou H., Wang C., Ye J., Chen H. & Tao R. 2015. Effects of dietary supplementation of fermented Ginkgo biloba L. residues on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and immune function in weaned piglets, Animal Science Journal, 86(8), 790-799.

Effect of Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr on the Hematobiochemical Profile and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 66 - 76, 30.06.2024

Abstract

Ficus nota Blanco Merr, known for its positive effects on human health in traditional medicine owing to its phytobiotics, has not been adequately studied for its impact on farm animals, particularly in poultry. This research sought to address this knowledge gap by investigating its influence on growth performance, hematological and serum biochemical profiles of broiler chickens. A total of 168 10-day-old commercial Cobb 500 broiler chicks, randomly assigned into four treatment groups each replicated three times, were subjected to a 31-day experimental period. Ficus nota fruits were subjected to fermentation, yielding a fermented juice, subsequently administered to the chicks via their drinking water. The treatments included a control group receiving plain water and three experimental groups with varying concentrations of fermented fruit juice (FFJ): 40 ml FFJ/L, 60 ml FFJ/L, and 80 ml FFJ/L. Substantial differences (p<0.05) were observed in red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit. Conversely, platelet and white blood cell counts did not show significant variations (p>0.05) among the treatment groups. Except for reduced cholesterol levels in treated groups, there were no significant changes (p>0.05) in other blood serum biochemical indices. Furthermore, the treated groups exhibited notable weight gain and enhanced feed conversion ratio, underscoring the potential impact of the treatments.

Thanks

The author wishes to convey her deepest gratitude to Dr. Vernadyn A. Morillo, faculty member of the College of Veterinary Medicine, and the College of Agriculture family for their valuable assistance and support.

References

  • Abdel-Wareth A. A., Kehraus S. & Südekum K. 2019. Peppermint and its respective active component in diets of broiler chickens: growth performance, viability, economics, meat physicochemical properties, and carcass characteristics, Poultry Science, 98(9), 3850–3859.
  • Abudabos A. M., Alyemni A. H., Dafalla Y. M., Khan R. U. & Swelum A. A. 2017. Effect of dietary supplementation of phytochemicals on the performance and immune status of broiler chickens, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 30(1), 47-52.
  • Adegoke A., Abimbola M., Sanwo K. A., Egbeyale L. T., Abiona J. A., Oso A. O. & Iposu S. 2018. Performance and blood biochemistry profile of broiler chickens fed dietary turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder and cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) powders as antioxidants, Veterinary and Animal Science, 6, 95–102.
  • Ahmed A.M.N.I., Hossain M.A., Khatun A., Jamila M., Rashid M.A., Hasan M.M., Rahman S., Islam M.S., Rahman M.A. 2015. Antioxidant and immunostimulant activities of different fractions of Ficus nota, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 15:116.
  • Al-Sagan A. A., Khalil S., Hussein E. O. & Attia Y. A. 2020. Effects of Fennel Seed Powder Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, and Economic Efficiency of Broilers under Thermoneutral and Chronic Heat Stress Conditions, Animals, 10(2), 206.
  • Basit M., Kadir A. A., Loh T. C., Aziz S. A., Salleh A., Kaka U. & Idris S. B. 2020. Effects of Inclusion of Different Doses of Persicaria odorata Leaf Meal (POLM) in Broiler Chicken Feed on Biochemical and Haematological Blood Indicators and Liver Histomorphological Changes, Animals, 10(7), 1209.
  • Chen J., Wang C., Wang C., Sheu J., Lin C. & Lin H. 2013. Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf polyphenolic extract inhibits LDL oxidation and foam cell formation involving up-regulation of LXRα/ABCA1 pathway, Food Chemistry, 141(1), 397–406.
  • Crouse J. R., Morgan T. M., Terry J. G., Ellis J., Vitolins M. Z. & Burke G. L. 1999. A randomized trial comparing the effect of casein with that of soy protein containing varying amounts of isoflavones on plasma concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins, Archives of Internal Medicine, 159(17), 2070.
  • Devi P. C., Samanta A. K., Das B. K., Kalita G., Behera P. S. & Barman S. 2018. Effect of plant extracts and essential oil blend as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters on growth performance, nutrient utilization and carcass characteristics of broiler chicken, Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 35(4), 421
  • Fki I., Bouaziz M., Sahnoun Z. & Sayadi S. 2005. Hypocholesterolemic effects of phenolic-rich extracts of Chemlali olive cultivar in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 13(18), 5362–5370.
  • Gheisar M. M., Hosseindoust A. & Kim, I. H. 2015a. Evaluating the effect of microencapsulated blends of organic acids and essential oils in broiler chickens diet, The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 24(4), 511–519.
  • Gheisar M. M., Im Y. W., Lee H., Choi Y., & Kim I. Y. 2015b. Inclusion of phytogenic blends in different nutrient density diets of meat-type ducks, Poultry Science, 94(12), 2952–2958.
  • Gilani S. M. H., Zehra S., Ul-Hassan F., Galani S. & Ashraf, A. 2018. Effect of natural growth promoters on immunity, and biochemical and haematological parameters of broiler chickens, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 17(4), 627.
  • Hashemi S. R. & Davoodi H. 2011. Herbal plants and their derivatives as growth and health promoters in animal nutrition, Veterinary Research Communications, 35(3), 169–180.
  • Hosain M. Z., Kabir S. M. L., Kamal M. M. 2021. Antimicrobial uses for livestock production in developing countries, Veterinary World, 14, 210–221.
  • Hossain M. E., Ko S. & Yang C. J. 2012. Dietary supplementation of green tea by-products on growth performance, meat quality, blood parameters and immunity in finishing pigs, Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(12).
  • Huervana J.F. 2016. Influence of Fermented organic Concoction as Nutrient Supplement in the Performance of Brooding Native Chicken, Western Vizayas State University Research Journal, (5)2, 35-44.
  • He J., Li D., Xu W., Bai K., Chen L., Wu Y., Huang Q., Zhang L. & Wang T. 2015. Dietary Tributyrin Supplementation Attenuates Insulin Resistance and Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in Suckling Piglets with Intrauterine Growth Retardation, PLOS ONE, 10(8).
  • Huang H. & Chang H. 2012. Platelets in inflammation and immune modulations: functions beyond hemostasis, Archivum Immunologiae Et Therapiae Experimentalis, 60(6), 443–451.
  • Kiczorowska B., Samolińska W., Świątkiewicz S., Hanczakowska E. & Króliczewska B. 2019. Effects of dietary supplementation with a phytobiotic blend on performance, antioxidant status, and inflammatory response in growing-finishing pigs, Journal of Animal Science, 97(11), 4456-4465.
  • Koochaksaraie R. R., Irani M. & Gharavysi S. 2011. The effects of cinnamon powder feeding on some blood metabolites in broiler chicks, Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 13(3), 197–202.
  • Krauze M., Abramowicz K. & Ognik K. 2020. The Effect of Addition of Probiotic Bacteria (Bacillus Subtilis or Enterococcus faecium) or Phytobiotic Containing Cinnamon Oil to Drinking Water on the Health and Performance of Broiler Chickens, Annals of Animal Science, 20(1), 191–205.
  • Laka K., Makgoo L. & Mbita Z. 2022. Cholesterol-Lowering Phytochemicals: Targeting the mevalonate pathway for anticancer interventions, Frontiers in Genetics, 13.
  • Lanting M. V. & Palaypayon C. M. 2002. Forest tree species with medicinal uses. Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau, Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources. https://erdb.denr.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/denr_v11.pdf (accessed 19 January 2023)
  • Lee M., Park Y. B., Moon S., Bok S. H., Dong-Ju K., Ha T., Jeong T., Jeong K. & Choi M. 2007. Hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant properties of 3-(4-hydroxyl)propanoic acid derivatives in high-cholesterol fed rats, Chemico-Biological Interactions, 170(1), 9–19.
  • Leslie M. 2010. Beyond Clotting: The Powers of Platelets, Science, 328(5978), 562–564.
  • Mapatac L. C. 2015. Antibacterial, Histochemical and Phytochemical Screening and Cytotoxicity Activity of Tubog, Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr Leaf and Fruit Extracts, Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 3(2), 111–122.
  • Odunitan-Wayas F. A., Kolanisi U. & Chimonyo M. 2018. Haematological and Serum Biochemical Responses of Ovambo Chickens Fed Provitamin A Biofortified Maize, Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 20(3), 425–434.
  • Oghenebrorhie O. & Oghenesuvwe O. 2016. Performance and Haematological Characteristics of Broiler Finisher Fed Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal Diets, Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 23(1), 28–34.
  • Ognik K., Cholewińska E., Sembratowicz I., Grela E. & Czech A. 2016. The potential of using plant antioxidants to stimulate antioxidant mechanisms in poultry, World's Poultry Science Journal, 72(2), 291–298.
  • Oloruntola O. D. 2019. Effect of pawpaw leaf and seed meal composite mix dietary supplementation on haematological indices, carcass traits and histological studies of broiler chicken, Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 43(1).
  • Roa M. L., Corredor J. R. & Hernández M. C. 2020. Physiological behavior of broilers using diets with Tithonia diversifolia and probiotics, Archivos de zootecnia, 69(268), 406-417.
  • Reis J. H., Gebert R. R., Barreta M. H., Baldissera M. D., Santos I. D. D., Wagner R., Campigotto G., Jaguezeski A. M., Gris A., De Lima J. L., Mendes R. E., Fracasso M., Boiago M. M., Stefani L. M., Santos D. S. D., Da Silva Robazza W. & Da Silva A. S. 2018. Effects of phytogenic feed additive based on thymol, carvacrol and cinnamic aldehyde on body weight, blood parameters and environmental bacteria in broilers chickens, Microbial Pathogenesis, 125, 168–176.
  • Starčević K., Krstulović L., Brozić D., Maurić M., Stojević Z., Mikulec Ž., Bajić M. & Mašek T. 2014. Production performance, meat composition and oxidative susceptibility in broiler chicken fed with different phenolic compounds, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95(6), 1172–1178.
  • Toghyani M., Gheisari A., Ghalamkari G. & Kues W. A. 2011. Evaluation of cinnamon and garlic as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions on performance, immune responses, serum biochemical and haematological parameters in broiler chicks, Livestock Science, 138(1–3), 167–173.
  • Yan L., Meng Q. & Kim I. H. 2012. Effect of an herb extract mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and fecal microbial shedding in weanling pigs, Livestock Science, 145(1–3), 189–195.
  • Yu N., Wan X., Zhang L., Wang C., He J., Bai K. W., Zhang X., Zhao L. & Wang T. 2019. Effect of different doses of fermented Ginkgo biloba leaves on serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity hepatic gene expression in broilers, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 248, 132–140.
  • Zaikina A. S., Buryakov N. P., Buryakova M. A., Zagarin A. Y., Razhev A. A. & Aleshin D. E. 2022. Impact of supplementing phytobiotics as a substitute for antibiotics in broiler chicken feed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and biochemical parameters, Veterinary Sciences, 9(12), 672.
  • Zeni A. L. B., Moreira T. D., Dalmagro A. P., Camargo A., Bini L. A., Simionatto E. L. & Scharf D. R. 2017. Evaluation of phenolic compounds and lipid-lowering effect of Morus nigra leaves extract, Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias, 89(4), 2805–2815.
  • Zhou H., Wang C., Ye J., Chen H. & Tao R. 2015. Effects of dietary supplementation of fermented Ginkgo biloba L. residues on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and immune function in weaned piglets, Animal Science Journal, 86(8), 790-799.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Animal Feeding
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Lai Lanie Cungihan 0009-0001-4493-4679

Early Pub Date June 27, 2024
Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date April 8, 2024
Acceptance Date June 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Cungihan, L. L. (2024). Effect of Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr on the Hematobiochemical Profile and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(1), 66-76.
AMA Cungihan LL. Effect of Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr on the Hematobiochemical Profile and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens. EJAR. June 2024;8(1):66-76.
Chicago Cungihan, Lai Lanie. “Effect of Ficus Nota (Blanco) Merr on the Hematobiochemical Profile and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens”. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research 8, no. 1 (June 2024): 66-76.
EndNote Cungihan LL (June 1, 2024) Effect of Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr on the Hematobiochemical Profile and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research 8 1 66–76.
IEEE L. L. Cungihan, “Effect of Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr on the Hematobiochemical Profile and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens”, EJAR, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 66–76, 2024.
ISNAD Cungihan, Lai Lanie. “Effect of Ficus Nota (Blanco) Merr on the Hematobiochemical Profile and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens”. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research 8/1 (June 2024), 66-76.
JAMA Cungihan LL. Effect of Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr on the Hematobiochemical Profile and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens. EJAR. 2024;8:66–76.
MLA Cungihan, Lai Lanie. “Effect of Ficus Nota (Blanco) Merr on the Hematobiochemical Profile and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens”. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. 8, no. 1, 2024, pp. 66-76.
Vancouver Cungihan LL. Effect of Ficus nota (Blanco) Merr on the Hematobiochemical Profile and Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens. EJAR. 2024;8(1):66-7.
Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research (EJAR)   ISSN: 2636-8226   Web: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejar   e-mail: agriculturalresearchjournal@gmail.com