The Effect of Global Warming on Water Resources in Africa

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 151 - 158

Oluwatosin Ogunkalu

Abstract

The occurrence of greenhouse effects is a result of the accumulation of specific gases covering the planet human reside, and the general term for these gases refers to greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide, and fluorinated gases. Sunshine radiates from the effects of greenhouse gases into the planet Earth's surface, and the heat from the sun is ensnared and radiates back into the surface of the Earth. The negative impacts of global warming have resulted in hydrological cycle instability, which has led to water scarcity because it determines the availability of water for the community's many uses, most notably agricultural purposes. Africa is one of the most sensitive continents that are prone to climate change and variability. Climate change's direct implications on the water-food-energy nexus are expected to pose a growing quantity and variety of dangers to life and livelihood in Africa. This research examines the consequences of global warming on African water resources, focusing on four regions of the continent: West Africa, North Africa, East Africa, and South East Africa, all of which are experiencing water insecurity in their respective locations. This review aims to describe the relationship between global warming and water resources in Africa.

Keywords

Global warming, Climate change, Water resources, Africa

References

• Albut S., Bağdatlı M. C. & Dumanlı Ö. 2018. Remote Sensing Determination of Variation in Adjacent Agricultural Fields in the Ergene River, Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 5(1), 113-122.
• Ayanlade A., Oladimeji A. A., Okegbola O. M., Eludoyin A. O., Eslamian S., Ayinde A. F. & Perkins, P. E. 2022. Effect of climate change on water availability and quality: an assessment of socio-resilience in Nigeria. In Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience: Disaster and Social Aspects (pp. 245-262). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
• Aydın S., Bayhan H., Ergüven G.Ö. & Ikizoglu B. 2020. Investigation of Air Quality in Terms of Microbiological Density in Some Regions of the European Side of Istanbul Province. European Journal of Science and Technology, 19, 334 343.
• Afreen M., Ucak I. & Bağdatlı M. C. 2022. The Analysis of Climate Variability on Aquaculture Production in Karachi of Pakistan. International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research (IJETMR), 9(8), 16–23.
• Bağdatlı M. C., İstanbulluoğlu A., Altürk B. & Arslan C. 2014. Evaluation of the Change Trend in Long-Year Temperature Data in Terms of Agricultural Drought: The Case of Çorlu, Düzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 2(1), 100-107, Düzce.
• Bağdatlı M.C., Belliturk K. & Jabbari A. 2015. Possible Effects on Soil and Water Resources Observed in Nevşehir Province in Long Annual Temperature and Rain Changing, Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, 3(2),19-27.
• Bağdatlı M.C. & Belliturk K. 2016a. Negative Effects of Climate Change in Turkey, Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research, Med Crave Publishing, 3(2), 44-46
• Bağdatlı M.C & Belliturk K. 2016b. Water Resources Have Been Threatened in Thrace Region of Turkey, Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research, MedCrave Publishing, 4(1), 227- 228
• Bağdatlı M.C. & Can E. 2019. Analysis of Precipitation Datas by Mann Kendall and Sperman's Rho Rank Correlation Statistical Approaches in Nevsehir Province of Turkey, Recent Research in Science and Technology Journal, (11), 24-31, doi: 10.25081/rrst.2019.11.6082
• Bağdatlı M.C. & Arslan O. 2019. Evaluation of The Number of Rainy Days Observed for Long Years Due to Global Climate Change in Nevşehir / Turkey, Recent Research in Science and Technology Journal, (11):9-11, doi: 10.25081/rrst.2019.11.6079
• Bağdatlı M. C. & Arıkan E. N. 2020. Evaluation of Monthly Maximum, Minimum and Average Temperature Changes Observed for Many Years in Nevsehir Province of Turkey, World Research Journal of Agricultural Science (WRJAS), 7(2), 209-220.
• Bağdatlı M. C. & Arslan, O. 2020. Trend Analysis of Precipitation Datas Observed for Many Years (1970-2019) in Niğde Center and Ulukisla District of Turkey, International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and Technology (IJRDET), 9(7), 1-8
• Bağdatlı M. C. & Ballı Y. 2020. Soil Temperature Changes (1970-2019) in Ulukışla District in Turkey by Trend Analysis Methods, International Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science (IJPBCS), 7(2), 851-864
• Bağdatlı M. C. & Can E. 2020. Temperature Changes of Niğde Province in Turkey: Trend analysis of 50 years data, International Journal of Ecology and Development Research (IJEDR), 6(2),62-71.
• Bağdatlı M. C., Uçak I. & Elsheikh W. 2023. Impact of Global Warming on Aquaculture in Norway. International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research. 10(3), 13–25.
• Bayhan B., Erguven G.O., Akkoyunlu A., Kanat G. 2017. The Assessment Of Water Quality In Omerli Dam Reservoir, Istanbul, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin. 26(1a), 977-988.
• Bezner Kerr R., Liebert J., Kansanga M. & Kpienbaareh D. 2022. Human and social values in agroecology: A review. Elem Sci Anth, 10(1), 00090.
• Coulibaly N., Coulibaly T. J. H., Mpakama Z. & Savané I. 2018. The impact of climate change on water resource availability in a trans-boundary basin in West Africa: The case of Sassandra. Hydrology, 5(1), 12.
• Dinko D. H. & Bahati I. 2023. A Review of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Security and Livelihoods in Semiarid Africa: Cases From Kenya, Malawi, and Ghana. Journal of Climate Resilience and Climate Justice, 1, 107-118.
• Elsheikh W., Uçak İ. & Bağdatlı M. C. 2023. Food Crisis and Global Warming in Africa. International Congresses of Turkish Science and Technology Publishing, 495-500.
• Elsheikh W., Uçak İ. & Bağdatlı M. C. 2022a. The Assessment of Global Warming on Fish Production in Red Sea Region of Sudan, Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research (EJAR), 6(2):110-119.
• Elsheikh W., Uçak İ. & Bağdatlı M. C., Mofid, A. 2022b. Effect of Climate Change on Agricultural Production: A Case Study Khartoum State, Sudan, Open Access Journal of Agricultural Research (OAJAR), 7(3), 1–29
• Ezra A., Zhu K., Dávid L. D., Yakubu B. N. & Ritter K. 2023. Assessing the Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change on the Upper Benue River Basin in Nigeria: Trends, Relationships, and Mitigation Strategies. Climate, 11(10), 198.
• Guyasa A. K., Guan Y. & Zhang D. 2024. Impact of Climate Change on the Water Balance of the Akaki Catchment. Water, 16(1), 54.
• İstanbulluoğlu A., Bağdatlı M. C. & Arslan C. 2013. Uzun Yıllık Yağış Verilerinin Trend Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi Tekirdağ-Çorlu İlçesi Uygulaması, Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 70-77, Tekirdağ
• Mbaye M. L., Sylla M. B. & Tall M. 2019. Impacts of 1.5 and 2.0 C global warming on water balance components over Senegal in West Africa. Atmosphere, 10(11), 712.
• Mersha A. N., Masih I., De Fraiture C., Wenninger J. & Alamirew T. 2018. Evaluating the impacts of IWRM policy actions on demand satisfaction and downstream water availability in the upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia. Water, 10(7), 892.
• Mella P. 2022. Global warming: is it (Im) possible to stop it? The systems thinking approach. Energies, 15(3), 705.
• Mostafa S. M., Wahed O., El-Nashar W. Y., El-Marsafawy S. M., Zeleňáková M. & Abd-Elhamid H. F. 2021. Potential climate change impacts on water resources in Egypt. Water, 13(12), 1715.
• Mtilatila L., Bronstert A., Shrestha P., Kadewere P. & Vormoor K. 2020. Susceptibility of water resources and hydropower production to climate change in the tropics: the case of Lake Malawi and Shire River Basins, SE Africa. Hydrology, 7(3), 54.
• Ogunrinde A. T., Oguntunde P. G., Akinwumiju A. S., Fasinmirin J. T., Olasehinde D. A., Pham Q. B. ... & Anh D. T. 2022. Impact of climate change and drought attributes in Nigeria. Atmosphere, 13(11), 1874.
• Orke Y. A. & Li M. H. 2022. Impact of climate change on hydrometeorology and droughts in the Bilate Watershed, Ethiopia. Water, 14(5), 729.
• Tadese M., Kumar L. & Koech R. 2020. Long-term variability in potential evapotranspiration, water availability and drought under climate change scenarios in the Awash River Basin, Ethiopia. Atmosphere, 11(9), 883.
• Taye M.T., Dyer E., Hirpa F. A. & Charles K. 2018. Climate change impact on water resources in the Awash basin, Ethiopia. Water, 10(11), 1560.
• Tedla M. G., Rasmy M., Tamakawa K., Selvarajah H. & Koike T. 2022. Assessment of climate change impacts for balancing transboundary water resources development in the Blue Nile basin. Sustainability, 14(22), 15438.
• Uçak A. B. & Bağdatlı M.C. 2017. Effects of Deficit Irrigation Treatments on Seed Yield, Oil Ratio and Water Use Efficiency of Sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.), Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26(4), 2983-2991
• Unlukal C. & Erguven G.O. 2024. Smart Agricultural Approach and Good Agricultural Practices in Sustainable Development Goal. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(1), 24-32.
• Wang X. & Liu L. 2023. The Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydrological Cycle and Water Resource Management. Water, 15(13), 2342.
• Yildirim N.C., Demirbilek D., Erguven G.O., Kayar R., Basaran S., Tulpar D. 2018. The determination of present and possible environmental risks in solid waste dumping site, Tunceli, Turkey. Environmental Earth Sciences, 77, 622.