Prognostic value of laboratory parameters in patients with SARS-COV-2 infection

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the laboratory findings that are important in the prognosis process of coranavirus-19 (COVID-19), which is assumed to be the latest global biohazard for humanity. For this purpose, a literature review was conducted based on COVID-19 disease and laboratory findings. As a result of this literature review, the study was created by evaluating 25 articles. Laboratory findings are categorized under three main headings. These headings are hematological parameters, coagulation parameters and inflammatory parameters. It has been determined that low lymphocyte count in hematological parameters is a condition seen at every stage of the disease. High neutrophil count is a sign of worsening prognosis. With the increase in the severity of the disease, an increase in the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was noted. In addition, low thrombocyte levels may also be observed. In coagulation parameters, increased prothrombin time and high D-dimer levels are prominent in patients with severe COVID-19 disease. High levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), one of the inflammatory parameters, can be observed at every stage of the disease. In addition, as the course of the disease worsens, C-reactive protein levels rise more and more. In addition, an increase in procalcitonin and ferritin levels is observed as the condition of the disease worsens. As a result, while lymphocytopenia and high CRP levels were prominent throughout the course of the disease, increased prothrombin time, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil count, D-dimer, procalcitonin and ferritin levels emerged with the disease becoming more aggressive.

Keywords

• SARS-CoV-2
• Coronavirus
• COVID-19
• Laboratory parameters
• Prognosis

SARS-COV-2 enfeksiyonu olan hastalarda laboratuvar parametrelerin prognoz değeri

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, insanlık için en son küresel biyolojik tehlike olduğu varsayılan koranavirüs-19 (COVID-19) hastalığının prognoz sürecinde önem arz eden laboratuvar parametrelerini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, COVID-19 hastalığı ve laboratuvar parametrelerinin esas alındığı literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Bu literatür taraması sonucunda 25 adet makalenin değerlendirilmesi ile çalışma oluşturulmuştur. Laboratuvar parametreleri, üç ana başlık altında kategorize edilmiştir. Bu başlıklar, hematolojik parametreler, koagulasyon parametreleri ve inflamatuar parametrelerdir. Hematolojik parametrelerde lenfosit sayısının düşük çıkması, hastalığın her aşamasında görülen bir durum olduğu saptanmıştır. Prognozun kötüye gidişatında nötrofil sayısının yüksekliği ön plana çıkmaktadır. Hastalığın şiddetinin artması ile birlikte nötrofil/lenfosit oranında yükseklik belirtilmiştir. Buna ek olarak trombosit düşüklüğü de gözlenebilmektedir. Koagulasyon parametrelerinde ise, COVID-19 hastalığını ağır geçirenlerde artan protrombin zamanı ve D-dimer düzeylerinin yüksekliği ön plana çıkmaktadır. İnflamatuar parametrelerden C-reaktif protein (CRP) düzeylerinin yüksekliği, hastalığın her aşamasında gözlenebilen bir durumdur. Buna ek olarak, hastalığın seyri kötüye gittikçe C-reaktif protein düzeyleri de daha çok yükselmektedir. Ayrıca, prokalsitonin ve ferritin yüksekliği de hastalığın durumu ağırlaştıkça gözlenmektedir. Sonuç olarak, hastalığın seyri boyunca, lenfositopeni ve CRP düzeylerinin yüksekliği ön plana çıkarken, hastalığın daha agresif bir hale dönmesiyle birlikte, artan protrombin zamanı, nötrofil/lenfosit oranı, nötrofil sayısı, D-dimer, prokalsitonin ve ferritin düzeyleri yüksekliği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Keywords

• SARS-CoV-2
• Koronavirüs
• COVID-19
• Laboratuvar parametreleri
• Prognoz

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