Research Article
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Effect of different azinphos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl concentrations on Tetradesmus obliquus growth in culture conditions

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 171 - 177, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.46239/ejbcs.1564696

Abstract

Azinphos methyl (S-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-ylmethyl O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate) and Azinphos ethyl (S-3,4-dihydro-4 - oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-ylmethyl O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate) are two phosphorus-containing pesticides. These pollutants are widely used as agricultural pesticides and acaricides and are used as broad-spectrum pesticides. It is assumed that these insecticides are carried out of the soil by rain, flood and snow water and pollute rivers, lakes and seawater. The aim of the study is to determine the effects of different concentrations of azinphos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl on the growth of green algae isolated from streams under culture conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the change in algal growth as a function of increasing the concentration of these pesticides in the algal cultures of Tetradesmus obliquus. In addition, pH and conductivity measurements were carried out on the control group and on the cultures after dosing. In this study, based on the counts carried out in the cultures, it was found that the number of species has decreased over time, but there was no significant decrease.

Supporting Institution

The Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Unit of Giresun University

Project Number

Project No: FEN-BAP-A-150219-07

Thanks

The authors would like to thank the Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Unit of Giresun University for their contributions to this research.

References

  • Abdel-Hamid MI. 1996. Development and application of a simple procedure for the toxicity testing using immobilized algae. Water Sci Technol. 33(6): 129-138. doi:10.1016/0273-1223(96)00289-2
  • Amdur MO, Doull J, Klassen CD. 1991. Casarett and Doull’s toxicology: The basic science of poisons, Pergamon Press. New York 1033: 565-623.
  • Baruah P, Srivastava A, Mishra Y, Chaurasia N. 2024. Modulation in growth, oxidative stress, photosynthesis, and morphology reveals higher toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin than chlorpyrifos towards a non-target green alga at high doses. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 106:104376. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2024.104376
  • Couderchet M, Boger P. 1993. Chloroacetamide-induced reduction of fatty acidde saturation. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 45: 91–97. doi:10.1006/pest.1993.1011
  • Damalas CA, Eleftherohorinos IG. 2011. Pesticide exposure, safety issues, and risk assessment indicators. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 8(5):1402-1419. doi:10.3390/ijerph8051402
  • Djomo JE, Dauta A, Ferrier V, Narbonne JF, Monkiedje A, Njine T, Garrigues P. 2004. Toxic effects of some major polyaromatic hydrocarbons found in crude oil and aquatic sediments on Scenedesmus subspicatus. Water Res. 38: 1817-1821. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.023
  • Fedtke C. 1982. Biochemistry and Physiology of Herbicide Action Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA.
  • Geyer H, Scheunert I, Korte F. 1985. The effects of organic environmental chemicals on the growth of the alga Scenedesmus subspicatus. Chemosphere. 14(9): 1355-1369. doi:10.1016/0045-6535(85)90156-0
  • Hong Y, Hu HY, Li FM. 2008. Growth and physiological responses of freshwater green alga Selenastrum capricornutum to allelochemical ethyl 2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA) under different initial algal densities. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 90: 203-212. doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2007.11.009
  • Ibrahim WM, Karam MA, El-Shahat RM, Adway AA. 2014. Biodegradation and utilization of organophosphorus pesticide malathion by cyanobacteria. Biomed Res Int. 2014(1): 392682. doi:10.1155/2014/392682
  • International Organisation for Standardisation. ISO-8692: 1989. Water quality- Freshwater algal growth inhibition test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum, 95.99 (2004-09-22) www.İso.org.
  • International Organisation for Standardisation. ISO 8692: 2012. Water quality-Algal growth inhibition test.
  • International Organisation for Standardisation. ISO/DIS 14442. 2014. Water quality-Guidelines for algal growth inhibition tests with poorly soluble materials, volatile compounds, metals and waster water.
  • Kaya S. 1996. Pesticides and the Major Problems They May Cause. Environment and Health Units Panel Notes. Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Conference Hall. Ankara.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1991a. Bacillariophyceae. 3. Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. In: Ettl H., Gerloff J., Heynig H. & Mollenhauer D. (Eds.) Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa Band 2/3. Gustav Fischer Verlag: Stutgart, Jena, 1-576.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1991b. Bacillariophyceae. 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae Kritische Erganzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema, Gesamt literaturverzeichnis Teil: 1-4. In: Ettl H., Gerloff J., Heynig H. & Mollenhauer D. (Eds.) Susswasserflora von Mitteleurope Band 2/4. Gustav Fischer Verlag: Stutgard, Jena, 1-437.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1999a. Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae. Berlin: Spectrum Academisher Verlag. Band 2/1, 1. Teil: Naviculaceae, 1-876.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1999b. Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae. Berlin: Spectrum Academisher Verlag. Band 2/2, 2. Teil: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae, 1-610.
  • LeGresley M, McDermott G. 2010. Counting chamber methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis-haemocytometer, Palmer-Maloney cell and Sedgewick-Rafter cell. UNESCO (IOC manuals and guides), 55: 25-30.
  • Lockert CK, Hoagland KD, Siegfried BD. 2006. Comporative sensitivity of Freshwater Algae to Atrazine. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 76:73-79. doi:10.1007/s00128-005-0891-9
  • Lu G, Yuan X, Zhaon Y. 2001. QSAR study on the toxicity of substituted benzenes to the algae (Scenedesmus obliquus). Chemosphere. 44: 437- 440.
  • Ma J, Lin F, Wang S, Xu L. 2003. Toxicity of 21 herbicides to the gren algae Scenedesmus quadricauda. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 71: 594-601.
  • McFeters GA, Bond PJ, Olson SB. 1983. A comparison of microbial bioassays for the detection of aquatic toxicants. Water Res. 17(12): 1757-1762. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(83)90197-5
  • Moreno-Garrido I, Hampel M, Lubián LM, Blasco J. 2001. Marine microalgaetoxicity test for linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) and alkyl phenol ethoxylate (APEO). Fresenius J Anal Chem. 371: 474-478.
  • Moreno-Garrido I, Hampel M, Lubián LM, Blasco J. 2003. Marine benthic microalgae Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehremberg) Lewin and Reimann (Bacillariophyceae) as a tool for measuring toxicity of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate in sediments. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 70: 242-247.
  • Nie XP., Lan CY., Lin L., Huang MH. 2002. The effects of aroclor 1254 on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus, ACTA Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 41,68-71.
  • Nusch E. 1980. Comparison of different methods for Chlorophyll-a and phaeropigments determination. Arch Hydrobiol Suppl. 4: 14-36.
  • Oğuz B. 2009. Effect of Pesticide Accumulation on Growth in Blue-Green Algae. Istanbul University, Institute of Science. Master Thesis.
  • Ou XM, Lei MX, Huang MZ, Wang YL, Wang XG. Fan DF. 2003. Effects of novel sulfonylurea herbicide HNPC-(29908) on growth of green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 5, 16-23.
  • Öterler B. 2009. Toxicity of 5 different pesticides on the growth of 3 freshwater phytoplankton species (Chlorella vulgaris Berj. Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) Breb.and Cyclotella meneghiniana Kütz.), Trakya University Faculty of Science, PhD Thesis, 1-121.
  • Öterler B, Albay M. 2016. The effect of 5 organophosphate pesticides on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck [Beijerinck] 1890. Int. J Res Stud Biosci. 4: 26-33. doi:10.20431/2349-0365.0404003
  • Peterson J, Zheng Y, Bender L, Myers A, Cerione R, Bender A. 1994. Interactions between the bud emergence proteins. Bem1p and Bem2p and Rho-type GTPases in yeast. J Cell Biol. 127(5): 1395-406. doi:10.1083/jcb.127.5.1395
  • Sáez M, Gómez-Parra A, Gónzalez-Mazo E. 2001. Bioconcentration of linear alkyl benzene sulfonates and their degradation intermediates in marine algae. Fresenius J Anal Chem. 371: 486-490. doi:10.1007/s002160101075
  • Sabater C, Carrarsco JM. 2001. Effects of pyridaphenthion on growth of five freshwater species of phytoplankton. A laboratory study Chemosphere. 44(8): 1775-1781. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00575-0
  • Sabater C, Cuesta A, Carrasco R. 2002. Effects of bensulfuron-methyl and cino sulfuron on growth of four freshwater species of phytoplankton. Chemosphere. 46: 953-960. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00179-5
  • Sanoja-López KA, Quiroz-Suárez KA, Dueñas-Rivadeneira AA, Maddela NR, Montenegro MC, Luque R, Rodríguez-Díaz JM. 2023. Polymeric membranes functionalized with nanomaterials (MP@ NMs): A review of advances in pesticide removal. Environ Res. 217:114776. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114776
  • Shehata SA, Aly OA, Farag H. 1984. Effects of bladex, etazine, dicryl and baylucide on growth of Scenedesmus. Environ Int. 10: 225-234. doi:10.1016/0160-4120(84)90239-3
  • Sikka HC, Pramer D. 1968. Physiological effects of fluometuron on some unicellular algae. Weed Sci. 16: 296–299. doi:10.1017/S0043174500047184
  • Soylu E, Temizel B. 2023. The Effects of Different Malathion Concentrations on Algal Growth in Cultural Conditions. KFBD. 13(4): 1510-1522. doi:10.31466/kfbd.1305969
  • Tadros TF. 1994. Fundamental principles of emulsion rheology and their applications. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem Eng Asp. 91: 39-55. doi:10.1016/0927-7757(93)02709-N
  • Vagi M, Kostopoulou MN, Petsas AS, Lalousı ME, Rasoulı C, Lekkas TD. 2005. Toxıcıty Of Organophoshorous Pestıcıdes To The Marıne Alga Tetraselmıs suecıca. Global Nest J. Vol 7: No 2, pp 222-227.
  • Wong PK. 2000. Effects of 2,4-D, glyphosate and paraquat on growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll-a synthesis of Scenedesmus quadricauda Berb. 614. Chemosphere. 41: 177-182. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00408-7
Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 171 - 177, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.46239/ejbcs.1564696

Abstract

Project Number

Project No: FEN-BAP-A-150219-07

References

  • Abdel-Hamid MI. 1996. Development and application of a simple procedure for the toxicity testing using immobilized algae. Water Sci Technol. 33(6): 129-138. doi:10.1016/0273-1223(96)00289-2
  • Amdur MO, Doull J, Klassen CD. 1991. Casarett and Doull’s toxicology: The basic science of poisons, Pergamon Press. New York 1033: 565-623.
  • Baruah P, Srivastava A, Mishra Y, Chaurasia N. 2024. Modulation in growth, oxidative stress, photosynthesis, and morphology reveals higher toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin than chlorpyrifos towards a non-target green alga at high doses. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 106:104376. doi:10.1016/j.etap.2024.104376
  • Couderchet M, Boger P. 1993. Chloroacetamide-induced reduction of fatty acidde saturation. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 45: 91–97. doi:10.1006/pest.1993.1011
  • Damalas CA, Eleftherohorinos IG. 2011. Pesticide exposure, safety issues, and risk assessment indicators. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 8(5):1402-1419. doi:10.3390/ijerph8051402
  • Djomo JE, Dauta A, Ferrier V, Narbonne JF, Monkiedje A, Njine T, Garrigues P. 2004. Toxic effects of some major polyaromatic hydrocarbons found in crude oil and aquatic sediments on Scenedesmus subspicatus. Water Res. 38: 1817-1821. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.023
  • Fedtke C. 1982. Biochemistry and Physiology of Herbicide Action Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA.
  • Geyer H, Scheunert I, Korte F. 1985. The effects of organic environmental chemicals on the growth of the alga Scenedesmus subspicatus. Chemosphere. 14(9): 1355-1369. doi:10.1016/0045-6535(85)90156-0
  • Hong Y, Hu HY, Li FM. 2008. Growth and physiological responses of freshwater green alga Selenastrum capricornutum to allelochemical ethyl 2-methyl acetoacetate (EMA) under different initial algal densities. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 90: 203-212. doi:10.1016/j.pestbp.2007.11.009
  • Ibrahim WM, Karam MA, El-Shahat RM, Adway AA. 2014. Biodegradation and utilization of organophosphorus pesticide malathion by cyanobacteria. Biomed Res Int. 2014(1): 392682. doi:10.1155/2014/392682
  • International Organisation for Standardisation. ISO-8692: 1989. Water quality- Freshwater algal growth inhibition test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum, 95.99 (2004-09-22) www.İso.org.
  • International Organisation for Standardisation. ISO 8692: 2012. Water quality-Algal growth inhibition test.
  • International Organisation for Standardisation. ISO/DIS 14442. 2014. Water quality-Guidelines for algal growth inhibition tests with poorly soluble materials, volatile compounds, metals and waster water.
  • Kaya S. 1996. Pesticides and the Major Problems They May Cause. Environment and Health Units Panel Notes. Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Conference Hall. Ankara.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1991a. Bacillariophyceae. 3. Teil: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. In: Ettl H., Gerloff J., Heynig H. & Mollenhauer D. (Eds.) Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa Band 2/3. Gustav Fischer Verlag: Stutgart, Jena, 1-576.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1991b. Bacillariophyceae. 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae Kritische Erganzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema, Gesamt literaturverzeichnis Teil: 1-4. In: Ettl H., Gerloff J., Heynig H. & Mollenhauer D. (Eds.) Susswasserflora von Mitteleurope Band 2/4. Gustav Fischer Verlag: Stutgard, Jena, 1-437.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1999a. Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae. Berlin: Spectrum Academisher Verlag. Band 2/1, 1. Teil: Naviculaceae, 1-876.
  • Krammer K, Lange-Bertalot H. 1999b. Susswasserflora von Mitteleuropa. Bacillariophyceae. Berlin: Spectrum Academisher Verlag. Band 2/2, 2. Teil: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae, 1-610.
  • LeGresley M, McDermott G. 2010. Counting chamber methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis-haemocytometer, Palmer-Maloney cell and Sedgewick-Rafter cell. UNESCO (IOC manuals and guides), 55: 25-30.
  • Lockert CK, Hoagland KD, Siegfried BD. 2006. Comporative sensitivity of Freshwater Algae to Atrazine. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 76:73-79. doi:10.1007/s00128-005-0891-9
  • Lu G, Yuan X, Zhaon Y. 2001. QSAR study on the toxicity of substituted benzenes to the algae (Scenedesmus obliquus). Chemosphere. 44: 437- 440.
  • Ma J, Lin F, Wang S, Xu L. 2003. Toxicity of 21 herbicides to the gren algae Scenedesmus quadricauda. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 71: 594-601.
  • McFeters GA, Bond PJ, Olson SB. 1983. A comparison of microbial bioassays for the detection of aquatic toxicants. Water Res. 17(12): 1757-1762. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(83)90197-5
  • Moreno-Garrido I, Hampel M, Lubián LM, Blasco J. 2001. Marine microalgaetoxicity test for linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) and alkyl phenol ethoxylate (APEO). Fresenius J Anal Chem. 371: 474-478.
  • Moreno-Garrido I, Hampel M, Lubián LM, Blasco J. 2003. Marine benthic microalgae Cylindrotheca closterium (Ehremberg) Lewin and Reimann (Bacillariophyceae) as a tool for measuring toxicity of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate in sediments. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 70: 242-247.
  • Nie XP., Lan CY., Lin L., Huang MH. 2002. The effects of aroclor 1254 on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus, ACTA Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 41,68-71.
  • Nusch E. 1980. Comparison of different methods for Chlorophyll-a and phaeropigments determination. Arch Hydrobiol Suppl. 4: 14-36.
  • Oğuz B. 2009. Effect of Pesticide Accumulation on Growth in Blue-Green Algae. Istanbul University, Institute of Science. Master Thesis.
  • Ou XM, Lei MX, Huang MZ, Wang YL, Wang XG. Fan DF. 2003. Effects of novel sulfonylurea herbicide HNPC-(29908) on growth of green algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science, 5, 16-23.
  • Öterler B. 2009. Toxicity of 5 different pesticides on the growth of 3 freshwater phytoplankton species (Chlorella vulgaris Berj. Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turpin) Breb.and Cyclotella meneghiniana Kütz.), Trakya University Faculty of Science, PhD Thesis, 1-121.
  • Öterler B, Albay M. 2016. The effect of 5 organophosphate pesticides on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris Beyerinck [Beijerinck] 1890. Int. J Res Stud Biosci. 4: 26-33. doi:10.20431/2349-0365.0404003
  • Peterson J, Zheng Y, Bender L, Myers A, Cerione R, Bender A. 1994. Interactions between the bud emergence proteins. Bem1p and Bem2p and Rho-type GTPases in yeast. J Cell Biol. 127(5): 1395-406. doi:10.1083/jcb.127.5.1395
  • Sáez M, Gómez-Parra A, Gónzalez-Mazo E. 2001. Bioconcentration of linear alkyl benzene sulfonates and their degradation intermediates in marine algae. Fresenius J Anal Chem. 371: 486-490. doi:10.1007/s002160101075
  • Sabater C, Carrarsco JM. 2001. Effects of pyridaphenthion on growth of five freshwater species of phytoplankton. A laboratory study Chemosphere. 44(8): 1775-1781. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00575-0
  • Sabater C, Cuesta A, Carrasco R. 2002. Effects of bensulfuron-methyl and cino sulfuron on growth of four freshwater species of phytoplankton. Chemosphere. 46: 953-960. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00179-5
  • Sanoja-López KA, Quiroz-Suárez KA, Dueñas-Rivadeneira AA, Maddela NR, Montenegro MC, Luque R, Rodríguez-Díaz JM. 2023. Polymeric membranes functionalized with nanomaterials (MP@ NMs): A review of advances in pesticide removal. Environ Res. 217:114776. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.114776
  • Shehata SA, Aly OA, Farag H. 1984. Effects of bladex, etazine, dicryl and baylucide on growth of Scenedesmus. Environ Int. 10: 225-234. doi:10.1016/0160-4120(84)90239-3
  • Sikka HC, Pramer D. 1968. Physiological effects of fluometuron on some unicellular algae. Weed Sci. 16: 296–299. doi:10.1017/S0043174500047184
  • Soylu E, Temizel B. 2023. The Effects of Different Malathion Concentrations on Algal Growth in Cultural Conditions. KFBD. 13(4): 1510-1522. doi:10.31466/kfbd.1305969
  • Tadros TF. 1994. Fundamental principles of emulsion rheology and their applications. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem Eng Asp. 91: 39-55. doi:10.1016/0927-7757(93)02709-N
  • Vagi M, Kostopoulou MN, Petsas AS, Lalousı ME, Rasoulı C, Lekkas TD. 2005. Toxıcıty Of Organophoshorous Pestıcıdes To The Marıne Alga Tetraselmıs suecıca. Global Nest J. Vol 7: No 2, pp 222-227.
  • Wong PK. 2000. Effects of 2,4-D, glyphosate and paraquat on growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll-a synthesis of Scenedesmus quadricauda Berb. 614. Chemosphere. 41: 177-182. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00408-7
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Elif Soylu

Bengü Temizel 0000-0002-5217-3013

Project Number Project No: FEN-BAP-A-150219-07
Early Pub Date December 27, 2024
Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date October 11, 2024
Acceptance Date December 23, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Soylu, E., & Temizel, B. (2024). Effect of different azinphos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl concentrations on Tetradesmus obliquus growth in culture conditions. Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 7(2), 171-177. https://doi.org/10.46239/ejbcs.1564696
AMA Soylu E, Temizel B. Effect of different azinphos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl concentrations on Tetradesmus obliquus growth in culture conditions. Eurasian J. Bio. Chem. Sci. December 2024;7(2):171-177. doi:10.46239/ejbcs.1564696
Chicago Soylu, Elif, and Bengü Temizel. “Effect of Different Azinphos-Ethyl and Azinphos-Methyl Concentrations on Tetradesmus Obliquus Growth in Culture Conditions”. Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 7, no. 2 (December 2024): 171-77. https://doi.org/10.46239/ejbcs.1564696.
EndNote Soylu E, Temizel B (December 1, 2024) Effect of different azinphos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl concentrations on Tetradesmus obliquus growth in culture conditions. Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 7 2 171–177.
IEEE E. Soylu and B. Temizel, “Effect of different azinphos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl concentrations on Tetradesmus obliquus growth in culture conditions”, Eurasian J. Bio. Chem. Sci., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 171–177, 2024, doi: 10.46239/ejbcs.1564696.
ISNAD Soylu, Elif - Temizel, Bengü. “Effect of Different Azinphos-Ethyl and Azinphos-Methyl Concentrations on Tetradesmus Obliquus Growth in Culture Conditions”. Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 7/2 (December 2024), 171-177. https://doi.org/10.46239/ejbcs.1564696.
JAMA Soylu E, Temizel B. Effect of different azinphos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl concentrations on Tetradesmus obliquus growth in culture conditions. Eurasian J. Bio. Chem. Sci. 2024;7:171–177.
MLA Soylu, Elif and Bengü Temizel. “Effect of Different Azinphos-Ethyl and Azinphos-Methyl Concentrations on Tetradesmus Obliquus Growth in Culture Conditions”. Eurasian Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, vol. 7, no. 2, 2024, pp. 171-7, doi:10.46239/ejbcs.1564696.
Vancouver Soylu E, Temizel B. Effect of different azinphos-ethyl and azinphos-methyl concentrations on Tetradesmus obliquus growth in culture conditions. Eurasian J. Bio. Chem. Sci. 2024;7(2):171-7.