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Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 151 - 159, 29.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.958651

Abstract

References

  • Armesto, J.J., Mitchell, J.D. Villagran, C. (1986). A comparison of spatial patterns of trees in some tropical and temperate forests. Biotropica, 18, 1-11.
  • Avery, C.R., Cohen, S., Parker, K. C., Kush, J.S. (2004). Spatial patterns of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedling establishment on the Croatan National Forest, North Carolina. Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science, 131-142.
  • Bhandari, S.K., Veneklaas, E.J., McCaw, L., Mazanec, R., Whitford, K., Renton, M. (2021). Individual tree growth in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest is explained by size and distance of neighbouring trees in thinned and non-thinned plots. Forest Ecology and Management, 494, 119364.
  • Brockway, D.G., Outcalt, K.W. (2000). Restoring longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems: Hexazinone application enhances effects of prescribed fire. Forest Ecology and Management, 137, 121-128.
  • Busing, R.T. (1996). Estimation of tree replacement in an Appalachian Picea-Abies forest. Journal of Vegetation Science, 7, 685– 694.
  • Condit. R., Hubbell S.P., Foster R.B. (1992). Recruitment near conspecific adults and the maintenance of tree and shrub diversity in a neotropical forest. American Naturalist, 140, 261–286.
  • Engstrom, R.T., Kirkman, L.K., Mitchell, R.J. (2001). The natural history of the fire forest. In: Wilson, J. R., editor. The fire forest: longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem. Georgia Wildlife, 8, 5-11, 14-17.
  • Fang, W. (2005.) Spatial analysis of an invasion front of Acer platanoides: dynamic inferences from static data. Ecography, 28, 283-294.
  • Fortin, M.J., Dale, M.R.T. (2005). Spatial Analysis: A Guide for Ecologists. Cambridge University Press.
  • Frost, C.C. (2006). History and future of the longleaf pine ecosystem. In: Jose, S., Jokela, E. J., Miller D. L., editors. The longleaf pine ecosystem: ecology, silviculture, and restoration. New York, NY, USA: Springer, pp. 217-251.
  • Greig-Smith P. (1952). Ecological observations on degraded and secondary forest in Trinidad, British West Indies: EL Structure of the communities. Journal of Ecology, 40, 316–330.
  • Guldin, J. M. (2006). Longleaf pine regeneration ecology and methods. In: Jose, S., Jokela, E. J., Miller, D. L., editors. The longleaf pine ecosystem: ecology, silviculture, and restoration. New York, NY, USA: Springer, pp. 217-251.
  • Liu, P., Wang, W., Bai, Z., Guo, Z., Ren, W., Huang, J., Xu, Y., Yao, J., Ding, Y., Zang, R. (2020). Competition and facilitation co-regulate the spatial patterns of boreal tree species in Kanas of Xinjiang, northwest China. Forest Ecology and Management, 467, 118167.
  • McGuire, J.P., Mitchell, R.J., Moser, E.B., Pecot, S.D., Gierstad, D.H., Hedman, C.W. (2001). Gaps in a gappy forest: plant resource, longleaf pine regeneration, and understory response to tree removal in longleaf pine savannas. Can. J. Forest Res., 31, 765.
  • Palik, B.J., Mitchell, R.J., Houseal, G., Pederson, N. (1997). Effects of canopy structure on resource availability and seedling responses in a longleaf pine ecosystem. Can. J. Forest Res., 27.
  • Piao, T., Comita, L.S., Jin, G., Kim, J.H. (2013). Density dependence across multiple life stages in a temperate old-growth forest of northeast China. Oecologia, 172, 207–217.
  • R Core Team (2020) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. https:// www.R-project.org/.
  • Ripley, B.D. (1977). Modelling spatial patterns. J. Roy. Stat. Soc., 39, 172–192.
  • Outcalt, K.W. (2000). The longleaf pine ecosystem of the south. Native Plant Journal, 1, 42-53.
  • Stewart, G.H. (1989). The dynamics of old-growth Pseudotsuga forests in the Western Cascade Range, Oregon, USA. Vegetatio, 82, 79-94.
  • Szwagrzyk, J., Czerwczak, M. (1993). Spatial patterns of trees in natural forests of East‐Central Europe. Journal of Vegetation Science, 4(4), 469-476.
  • Zanini, L., Ganade, G., Hübel, I. (2006). Facilitation and competition influence succession in a subtropical old field. Plant Ecol. 185, 179–190.
  • Wahlenberg, W.G. (1946). Longleaf pine: Its use, ecology, regeneration, protection, growth, and management. Washington, DC, USA: Charles Lathrop Pack Forestry Foundation.

Spatial Patterns of Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.): A Case Study

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 151 - 159, 29.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.958651

Abstract

Recent research has interested in determining optimal conditions for regeneration and restoration of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.). Spatial patterns of trees can reveal successional status of trees which can also be used for restoration purposes. Studies regarding the spatial characteristics of longleaf pine has been limited. In this study, spatial patterns of longleaf pine trees were examined in Alabama, USA. All trees >5 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) were stem-mapped, and twenty-four tree species were recorded within the study site. Point pattern analyses was conducted to monitor spatial patterns of longleaf pine trees. A clustered distribution pattern of trees with a short mean distance was determined. Trees represented a clumped pattern at distances smaller than 20 m, while a tendency from a clustering pattern to a random pattern was observed at distances between 26 and 65 m.

References

  • Armesto, J.J., Mitchell, J.D. Villagran, C. (1986). A comparison of spatial patterns of trees in some tropical and temperate forests. Biotropica, 18, 1-11.
  • Avery, C.R., Cohen, S., Parker, K. C., Kush, J.S. (2004). Spatial patterns of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedling establishment on the Croatan National Forest, North Carolina. Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science, 131-142.
  • Bhandari, S.K., Veneklaas, E.J., McCaw, L., Mazanec, R., Whitford, K., Renton, M. (2021). Individual tree growth in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest is explained by size and distance of neighbouring trees in thinned and non-thinned plots. Forest Ecology and Management, 494, 119364.
  • Brockway, D.G., Outcalt, K.W. (2000). Restoring longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystems: Hexazinone application enhances effects of prescribed fire. Forest Ecology and Management, 137, 121-128.
  • Busing, R.T. (1996). Estimation of tree replacement in an Appalachian Picea-Abies forest. Journal of Vegetation Science, 7, 685– 694.
  • Condit. R., Hubbell S.P., Foster R.B. (1992). Recruitment near conspecific adults and the maintenance of tree and shrub diversity in a neotropical forest. American Naturalist, 140, 261–286.
  • Engstrom, R.T., Kirkman, L.K., Mitchell, R.J. (2001). The natural history of the fire forest. In: Wilson, J. R., editor. The fire forest: longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem. Georgia Wildlife, 8, 5-11, 14-17.
  • Fang, W. (2005.) Spatial analysis of an invasion front of Acer platanoides: dynamic inferences from static data. Ecography, 28, 283-294.
  • Fortin, M.J., Dale, M.R.T. (2005). Spatial Analysis: A Guide for Ecologists. Cambridge University Press.
  • Frost, C.C. (2006). History and future of the longleaf pine ecosystem. In: Jose, S., Jokela, E. J., Miller D. L., editors. The longleaf pine ecosystem: ecology, silviculture, and restoration. New York, NY, USA: Springer, pp. 217-251.
  • Greig-Smith P. (1952). Ecological observations on degraded and secondary forest in Trinidad, British West Indies: EL Structure of the communities. Journal of Ecology, 40, 316–330.
  • Guldin, J. M. (2006). Longleaf pine regeneration ecology and methods. In: Jose, S., Jokela, E. J., Miller, D. L., editors. The longleaf pine ecosystem: ecology, silviculture, and restoration. New York, NY, USA: Springer, pp. 217-251.
  • Liu, P., Wang, W., Bai, Z., Guo, Z., Ren, W., Huang, J., Xu, Y., Yao, J., Ding, Y., Zang, R. (2020). Competition and facilitation co-regulate the spatial patterns of boreal tree species in Kanas of Xinjiang, northwest China. Forest Ecology and Management, 467, 118167.
  • McGuire, J.P., Mitchell, R.J., Moser, E.B., Pecot, S.D., Gierstad, D.H., Hedman, C.W. (2001). Gaps in a gappy forest: plant resource, longleaf pine regeneration, and understory response to tree removal in longleaf pine savannas. Can. J. Forest Res., 31, 765.
  • Palik, B.J., Mitchell, R.J., Houseal, G., Pederson, N. (1997). Effects of canopy structure on resource availability and seedling responses in a longleaf pine ecosystem. Can. J. Forest Res., 27.
  • Piao, T., Comita, L.S., Jin, G., Kim, J.H. (2013). Density dependence across multiple life stages in a temperate old-growth forest of northeast China. Oecologia, 172, 207–217.
  • R Core Team (2020) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. https:// www.R-project.org/.
  • Ripley, B.D. (1977). Modelling spatial patterns. J. Roy. Stat. Soc., 39, 172–192.
  • Outcalt, K.W. (2000). The longleaf pine ecosystem of the south. Native Plant Journal, 1, 42-53.
  • Stewart, G.H. (1989). The dynamics of old-growth Pseudotsuga forests in the Western Cascade Range, Oregon, USA. Vegetatio, 82, 79-94.
  • Szwagrzyk, J., Czerwczak, M. (1993). Spatial patterns of trees in natural forests of East‐Central Europe. Journal of Vegetation Science, 4(4), 469-476.
  • Zanini, L., Ganade, G., Hübel, I. (2006). Facilitation and competition influence succession in a subtropical old field. Plant Ecol. 185, 179–190.
  • Wahlenberg, W.G. (1946). Longleaf pine: Its use, ecology, regeneration, protection, growth, and management. Washington, DC, USA: Charles Lathrop Pack Forestry Foundation.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Forest Industry Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ferhat Kara 0000-0001-7107-3176

Early Pub Date September 30, 2021
Publication Date September 29, 2021
Submission Date June 28, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kara, F. (2021). Spatial Patterns of Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.): A Case Study. Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, 9(3), 151-159. https://doi.org/10.31195/ejejfs.958651

E-mail: Hbarist@gmail.com 

ISSN: 2147-7493

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