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A short Literature Review on Sawlog and Pulpwood Transport Efficiency and Fuel Consumption

Year 2023, , 41 - 47, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1315293

Abstract

Timber transport is one of the main components of woody supply chain, which causes high costs and considerable emissions depending on truck size, type, transport distance, and payload. A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of Softwood plantations and regrowth hardwood native forests estimated that the most significant contributor to total greenhouse emissions per unit of wood production in softwood plantation was log haulage at 37%. For regrowth native hardwood forests, log transportation contributed 23% of greenhouse gas emissions. This research, built on existing literature, focused on how timber harvesting transportation costs and emissions to the environment can be reduced, specifically, the transport of the industrial timber logs from the Forest Stockpile to the processing facility or unloading points. The review summarized the data and highlighted that the efficiency and emissions data could be categorized into five themes: Higher Capacity Transportation (HCT), Road Networks & Surfaces, Logistics and Planning, Fleet Replacement, and Fuel efficiency technologies. Fuel efficiency improvements across these themes ranged from 3% to 43% within the reviewed case studies. Several studies researched the fuel efficiency of High Capacity Transport indicated that the fuel consumption in liters per ton kilometer was 8-11% lower in the 92-tonne combination HCT compared to a 72-tonne combination HCT due to the increased payload for High Capacity Transport. Road networks and the composition of the surfaces have been shown to have a strong correlation to emissions. Studies have shown a 16.7% increase in emissions from a network of predominantly highways to a higher proportion of Forrest and Gravel roads. Studies that included data on vehicle age found efficiency improvements of up to 26% when new vehicles’ fuel consumption was compared to older vehicles. Newer truck fleets incorporate newer technologies, with reports showing fuel consumption improvements of up to 43% with less than a two-year payback period.

Supporting Institution

University of the Sunshine Coast

Project Number

1711202201

Thanks

The University of the Sunshine Coast provided the Undergraduate Research Fellowship Program which supported this case study.

References

  • Acuna, M., Mirowski, L., Ghaffariyan, M. R., Brown, M. 2012. Optimising transport efficiency and costs in Australian wood chipping operations. Biomass and bioenergy, 291-300.
  • Akay, A.E., Sesen, N. 2021. Integrated Planning of Timber Extraction and Hauling Activities by using Network 2000 Program. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 77-91. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357335229_Integrated_Planning_of_Timber_Extraction_and_Hauling_Activities_by_using_Network_2000_Program
  • Allman, M., Dudáková, Z., Jankovský, M., Merganič, J. 2021. Operational Parameters of Logging Trucks Working in Mountainous Terrains of the Western Carpathians. Forests, 718.
  • Brown, M. 2021. Evaluation of the Impact of Timber Truck Configuration and Tare Weight on Payload Efficiency: An Australian Case Study. Forests, 12(7): 855. doi:10.3390/f12070855
  • Brown, M., Ghaffariyan, M. R. 2016. Timber truck payload management with different in-forest weighing strategies in Australia. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 131-138.
  • Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. 2022. Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: June 2022. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved from https://www.dcceew.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/nggi-quarterly-update-june-2022.pdf
  • England, J.R., May, B., Raison, R., Paul, K.I. 2013. Cradle-to-gate inventory of wood production from Australian softwood plantations and native hardwood forests: Carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions. Forest Ecology and Management, 295-307.
  • Ghaffariyan, M.R. 2017. Impacts of Central Tire Inflation Systems application on forest transportation – Review. Journal of Forest Science, 153-160.
  • Ghaffariyan, M.R., Barrier, C., Brown, M., Kühmaier, M., Acuna, M. 2018. A short review of timber truck fuel consumption studies. Ind. Bull, 1-6. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322 974879_A_short_review_of_timber_truck_fuel_consumption_studies/citations
  • Griffin, R., Brown, M. 2010. Forest truck fuel consumption survey. CRC for Forestry Bulletin.
  • Griliches, Z. (1998). Productivity: measurement problems (Vol. 3). (J. Eatwell, M. Milgate, & P. Newman, Eds.) Palgrave.
  • Guimarães, P.P., Arce, J.E., Lopes, E. d., Fiedler, N.C., Gonçalves Robert, R.C., Seixas, F. 2019. Analysis of fuel consumption sensitivity in forestry road transport. Floresta, 155-162.
  • Guimarães, P.P., Arce, J.E., Lopes, E.D., Pelissari, A.L., Salami, G., Gomes De Castro, V. 2016. Modeling of fuel consumption for forest transportation. Revista Caatinga, 494-506.
  • Heinimann, H.R. 2021. Operational productivity studies in forestry with an emphasis on the development of statistical models. A tutorial. ETH Forest Engineering Research Paper, 56.
  • Higgins, A., Marinoni, O., Pinkard, L., McFallan, S., McKeown, A., Bruce, C. 2017. TraNSIT: Modelling the supply chain of Australia’s plantation forestry. Australia: CSIRO.
  • Holzleitner, F., Kanzian, C., Stampfer, K. 2011. Analyzing time and fuel consumption in road transport of round wood with an onboard fleet manager. European Journal of Forest Research, 293-301. Retrieved from https://link-springer-com.ezproxy.usc.edu.au/content/pdf/10.1007/s10342-010-0431-y.pdf
  • International Council on Clean Transportation. 2018. European heavy-duty vehciles: Cost Effectiveness of fuel efficiency technologies for long-haul tractor-trailers in the 2025-2030 timeframe. Washington: International Council on Clean Transportation.
  • Karha, K., Kortelainen, E., Karjalainen, A., Haavikkko, H., Palander, T. 2023. Fuel consumption of a high-capacity transport (HCT) vehicle combination for industrial roundwood hauling: a case study of laden timber truck combinations in Finland. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 284-293. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/ 14942119.2022.2163871
  • Klvač, R., Kolařík, J., Volná, M., Drápela, K. 2013. Fuel Consumption in Timber Haulage. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 229-240. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273348010_Fuel_Consumption_in_Timber_Haulage
  • Lijewski, P., Merkisz, J., Fuc´, P., Zio´łkowski, A., Rymaniak, Ł., Kusiak, W. 2017. Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in the process of mechanized timber extraction and transport. European Journal of Forest research, 153-160.
  • Lopes, E., Vieira, T., Rodrigues, C. 2016. Technical and cost evaluation of road transportation with different species and assortments wood. FLORESTA, 297-305. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/313602096_Technical_and_cost_evaluation_of_road_transportation_with_different_species_and_assortments_wood
  • Magagnotti, N., Spinelli, R., Acuna, M., Bigot, M., Guerra, S., Hartsough, B., . . . Zormaier, F. 2012. Good practice guidelines for biomass production studies, COST Action FP-0902, WG 2 Operations research and measurement methodologies. Fiorentino (FI), Italy: CNR IVALSA.
  • Office of Energy Efficiency Natural Resources Canada. 2016. Case Study:The Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada's Star Truck Project. Retrieved from Natural resources Canada: https://natural-resources.canada.ca/energy/energy-sources-distribution/offshore-oil-and-gas/transportation/case-studythe-forest-engineering-research-institute-canadas-star-truck-project/7603
  • Palander, T., Borz, S. A., Karha, K. 2021. Impacts of Road Infrastructure on the Environmental Efficiency of High Capacity Transportation in Harvesting of Renewable Wood Energy. Energies, 453.
  • Palander, T., Haavikko, H., Kortelainen, E., Kärhä, K., Borz, S.A. 2020. Improving Environmental and Energy Efficiency in Wood Transportation for a Carbon-Neutral Forest Industry. Forests, 1194.
  • Pandur, Z., Nevečerel, H., Šušnjar, M., Bačić, M., Lepoglavec, K. 2021. Energy Efficiency of Timber Transport by Trucks on Hilly and Mountainous Forest Roads. Forestist, 20-28. Retrieved from https://forestist.org/en/energy-efficiency-of-timber-transport-by-trucks-on-hilly-and-mountainous-forest-roads-162561
  • SCA. 2023. SCA's and Scania's unique electric timber truck. Retrieved from SCA: https://www.sca.com/en /about-sca/innovation-and-research/forest/electric-timber-truck/
  • Šušnjar, M., Bačić, M., Horvat, T., Pandur, Z. 2019. Analysis of working features of forest truck units for timber transport. Nova mehanizacija.
  • Svenson, G., Fjeld, D. 2016. The impact of road geometry and surface roughness on fuel consumption of logging trucks. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 526-536.
  • Zoric, M., Šušnjar, M., Pandur, Z., Mihaljević, K. 2014. Fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission in timber haulage in croation forestry. Nova Mehanizacija Sumarstva.
Year 2023, , 41 - 47, 30.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1315293

Abstract

Project Number

1711202201

References

  • Acuna, M., Mirowski, L., Ghaffariyan, M. R., Brown, M. 2012. Optimising transport efficiency and costs in Australian wood chipping operations. Biomass and bioenergy, 291-300.
  • Akay, A.E., Sesen, N. 2021. Integrated Planning of Timber Extraction and Hauling Activities by using Network 2000 Program. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 77-91. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357335229_Integrated_Planning_of_Timber_Extraction_and_Hauling_Activities_by_using_Network_2000_Program
  • Allman, M., Dudáková, Z., Jankovský, M., Merganič, J. 2021. Operational Parameters of Logging Trucks Working in Mountainous Terrains of the Western Carpathians. Forests, 718.
  • Brown, M. 2021. Evaluation of the Impact of Timber Truck Configuration and Tare Weight on Payload Efficiency: An Australian Case Study. Forests, 12(7): 855. doi:10.3390/f12070855
  • Brown, M., Ghaffariyan, M. R. 2016. Timber truck payload management with different in-forest weighing strategies in Australia. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 131-138.
  • Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. 2022. Quarterly Update of Australia’s National Greenhouse Gas Inventory: June 2022. Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved from https://www.dcceew.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/nggi-quarterly-update-june-2022.pdf
  • England, J.R., May, B., Raison, R., Paul, K.I. 2013. Cradle-to-gate inventory of wood production from Australian softwood plantations and native hardwood forests: Carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions. Forest Ecology and Management, 295-307.
  • Ghaffariyan, M.R. 2017. Impacts of Central Tire Inflation Systems application on forest transportation – Review. Journal of Forest Science, 153-160.
  • Ghaffariyan, M.R., Barrier, C., Brown, M., Kühmaier, M., Acuna, M. 2018. A short review of timber truck fuel consumption studies. Ind. Bull, 1-6. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322 974879_A_short_review_of_timber_truck_fuel_consumption_studies/citations
  • Griffin, R., Brown, M. 2010. Forest truck fuel consumption survey. CRC for Forestry Bulletin.
  • Griliches, Z. (1998). Productivity: measurement problems (Vol. 3). (J. Eatwell, M. Milgate, & P. Newman, Eds.) Palgrave.
  • Guimarães, P.P., Arce, J.E., Lopes, E. d., Fiedler, N.C., Gonçalves Robert, R.C., Seixas, F. 2019. Analysis of fuel consumption sensitivity in forestry road transport. Floresta, 155-162.
  • Guimarães, P.P., Arce, J.E., Lopes, E.D., Pelissari, A.L., Salami, G., Gomes De Castro, V. 2016. Modeling of fuel consumption for forest transportation. Revista Caatinga, 494-506.
  • Heinimann, H.R. 2021. Operational productivity studies in forestry with an emphasis on the development of statistical models. A tutorial. ETH Forest Engineering Research Paper, 56.
  • Higgins, A., Marinoni, O., Pinkard, L., McFallan, S., McKeown, A., Bruce, C. 2017. TraNSIT: Modelling the supply chain of Australia’s plantation forestry. Australia: CSIRO.
  • Holzleitner, F., Kanzian, C., Stampfer, K. 2011. Analyzing time and fuel consumption in road transport of round wood with an onboard fleet manager. European Journal of Forest Research, 293-301. Retrieved from https://link-springer-com.ezproxy.usc.edu.au/content/pdf/10.1007/s10342-010-0431-y.pdf
  • International Council on Clean Transportation. 2018. European heavy-duty vehciles: Cost Effectiveness of fuel efficiency technologies for long-haul tractor-trailers in the 2025-2030 timeframe. Washington: International Council on Clean Transportation.
  • Karha, K., Kortelainen, E., Karjalainen, A., Haavikkko, H., Palander, T. 2023. Fuel consumption of a high-capacity transport (HCT) vehicle combination for industrial roundwood hauling: a case study of laden timber truck combinations in Finland. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 284-293. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/ 14942119.2022.2163871
  • Klvač, R., Kolařík, J., Volná, M., Drápela, K. 2013. Fuel Consumption in Timber Haulage. Croatian Journal of Forest Engineering, 229-240. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273348010_Fuel_Consumption_in_Timber_Haulage
  • Lijewski, P., Merkisz, J., Fuc´, P., Zio´łkowski, A., Rymaniak, Ł., Kusiak, W. 2017. Fuel consumption and exhaust emissions in the process of mechanized timber extraction and transport. European Journal of Forest research, 153-160.
  • Lopes, E., Vieira, T., Rodrigues, C. 2016. Technical and cost evaluation of road transportation with different species and assortments wood. FLORESTA, 297-305. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/313602096_Technical_and_cost_evaluation_of_road_transportation_with_different_species_and_assortments_wood
  • Magagnotti, N., Spinelli, R., Acuna, M., Bigot, M., Guerra, S., Hartsough, B., . . . Zormaier, F. 2012. Good practice guidelines for biomass production studies, COST Action FP-0902, WG 2 Operations research and measurement methodologies. Fiorentino (FI), Italy: CNR IVALSA.
  • Office of Energy Efficiency Natural Resources Canada. 2016. Case Study:The Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada's Star Truck Project. Retrieved from Natural resources Canada: https://natural-resources.canada.ca/energy/energy-sources-distribution/offshore-oil-and-gas/transportation/case-studythe-forest-engineering-research-institute-canadas-star-truck-project/7603
  • Palander, T., Borz, S. A., Karha, K. 2021. Impacts of Road Infrastructure on the Environmental Efficiency of High Capacity Transportation in Harvesting of Renewable Wood Energy. Energies, 453.
  • Palander, T., Haavikko, H., Kortelainen, E., Kärhä, K., Borz, S.A. 2020. Improving Environmental and Energy Efficiency in Wood Transportation for a Carbon-Neutral Forest Industry. Forests, 1194.
  • Pandur, Z., Nevečerel, H., Šušnjar, M., Bačić, M., Lepoglavec, K. 2021. Energy Efficiency of Timber Transport by Trucks on Hilly and Mountainous Forest Roads. Forestist, 20-28. Retrieved from https://forestist.org/en/energy-efficiency-of-timber-transport-by-trucks-on-hilly-and-mountainous-forest-roads-162561
  • SCA. 2023. SCA's and Scania's unique electric timber truck. Retrieved from SCA: https://www.sca.com/en /about-sca/innovation-and-research/forest/electric-timber-truck/
  • Šušnjar, M., Bačić, M., Horvat, T., Pandur, Z. 2019. Analysis of working features of forest truck units for timber transport. Nova mehanizacija.
  • Svenson, G., Fjeld, D. 2016. The impact of road geometry and surface roughness on fuel consumption of logging trucks. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 526-536.
  • Zoric, M., Šušnjar, M., Pandur, Z., Mihaljević, K. 2014. Fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission in timber haulage in croation forestry. Nova Mehanizacija Sumarstva.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Transportation Engineering, Forest Products Transport and Evaluation Information
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Riley Small 0009-0004-3215-6816

Mohammad Reza Ghaffariyan 0000-0003-2429-3605

Project Number 1711202201
Early Pub Date June 30, 2023
Publication Date June 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Small, R., & Ghaffariyan, M. R. (2023). A short Literature Review on Sawlog and Pulpwood Transport Efficiency and Fuel Consumption. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 9(1), 41-47. https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.1315293

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The works published in European Journal of Forest Engineering (EJFE) are licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.