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Forest Residues Recovered from Whole-tree Timber Harvesting Operations

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 46 - 55, 31.12.2015

Abstract



Woody
biomass in the form of forest residues is a potential source of sustainable
renewable energy. However, the amount of these residues recovered from timber
harvesting sites is far less than what is actually generated. This study
focuses on estimating the amount of forest residues recovered from whole-tree
harvesting sites using ground-based shovel logged and cable yarded harvesting
systems in northern California. Inventories of standing trees along with pre-
and post-harvest downed woody debris (DWD) surveys were used to estimate the
total amount of aboveground biomass (AGB) in the study sites. Localized
allometric biomass equations were used to estimate the pre-harvest AGB in
standing trees. The amount of sawlogs and hog fuel recovered from the
harvesting sites was collected from scale tickets. Forest residues delivered
compared to the estimated amounts of forest residues generated were 70 percent
for the shovel logged unit and 60 percent for the cable yarded unit. The amount
of pre- vs. post-harvest DWD estimated from the inventory analysis for the
cable and shovel units was increased by 42 and 23 percent, respectively. The
methodology used for this study could be applied in other research focusing on
determining a more accurate estimate of biomass recoverable from various
harvesting systems.




References

  • Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), 2009. Willow Creek 1 NW, California - Climate Summary 2009.
  • Wall, A. and Hytönen, J., 2011. The long-term effects of logging residue removal on forest floor nutrient capital, foliar chemistry and growth of a Norway spruce stand. Biomass and Bioenergy. 35(8):3328–3334.
  • USDA Forest Service, 2015. Forest Inventory and Analysis National Program, USA.
  • Snell, J.A.K. and Little, S.N., 1983. Predicting Crown weight and bole volume of five western hardwoods. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, USA.
  • Ralevic, P., Ryans, M., Cormier, D., 2010. Assessing forest biomass for bioenergy: Operational challenges and cost considerations. For. Chron. 86(1):43–50.
  • Perlack, R.D., Wright, L.L., Turhollow, A.F., Graham, R.L., Stokes, B.J., Erbach, D.C., 2005. Biomass as feedstock for a bioenergy and bioproducts industry: the technical feasibility of a billion-ton annual supply. USDA and the USDOE, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
  • Parzei, S., Krigstin, S., Hayashi, K., Wetzel, S., 2014. Forest harvest residues available in Eastern Canada–a critical review of estimations. For. Chron. 90(6):778–784.
  • Oneil, E. and Lippke, B., 2009. Eastern Washington biomass accessibility. Washington State Legislature and Washington Department of Natural Resources, Seattle, WA, USA.
  • Morgan, T.A., 2009. An assessment of forest-based woody biomass supply and use in Montana. Forestry Assistance Bureau, Forestry Division, Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Missoula, Montana, USA.
  • Mann, L. and Tolbert, V., 2000. Soil Sustainability in Renewable Biomass Plantings. AMBIO J. Hum. Environ. 29(8):492–498.
  • Kizha., A.R., Han, H.-S. Allometric equations for predicting aboveground biomass, various tree components and structural dimensions in coast redwood. For. Sci. Rev. (Submitted)
  • Jenkins, J.C., Chojnacky, D.C., Heath, L.S., Birdsey. R.A., 2003. National-scale biomass estimators for United States tree species. For. Sci. 49(1):12–35.
  • Huang, S., Crabtree, R.L., Potter, C., Gross, P., 2009. Estimating the quantity and quality of coarse woody debris in Yellowstone post-fire forest ecosystem from fusion of SAR and optical data. Remote Sens. Environ. 113(9):1926–1938.
  • Hohl, A., Bisson, J., Kizhakkepurakkal, A. R., Montgomery, T., Han, S.K. Han, H.-S., 2013. Blue Lake Rancheria Woody Biomass Availability Study. Blue Lake Rancheria Tribe, Blue Lake, CA, USA.
  • Gholz, H.L., Grier, C.C., Campbell, A.G., Brown, A.T., 1979. Equations for estimating biomass and leaf area of plants in the Pacific Northwest. Corvallis: Forest Research Lab., School of Forestry, Oregon State University, OR, USA.
  • Fried, J.S. and Zhou, X., 2008. Forest inventory-based estimation of carbon stocks and flux in California forests in 1990. General Technical Report, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, USA.
  • Enters, T., 2001. Trash or treasure?: logging and mill residues in Asia and the Pacific. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Brown, J.K., Reinhardt, E.D., Kramer, K.A., 2003. Coarse woody debris: managing benefits and fire hazard in the recovering forest. General Technical Report, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
  • Brown, J.K., 1974. Handbook for inventorying downed woody material. USDA Forest Service, Ogden, Utah, USA.
  • Birdsey, R., 2004. Data gaps for monitoring forest carbon in the United States: an inventory perspective. Environ. Manage. 33(1):S1–S8.
  • Andersen, H.-E., Strunk J., Temesgen, H., 2011. Using airborne light detection and ranging as a sampling tool for estimating forest biomass resources in the Upper Tanana Valley of Interior Alaska. West. J. Appl. For. 26(4):157–164.
Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 46 - 55, 31.12.2015

Abstract

References

  • Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), 2009. Willow Creek 1 NW, California - Climate Summary 2009.
  • Wall, A. and Hytönen, J., 2011. The long-term effects of logging residue removal on forest floor nutrient capital, foliar chemistry and growth of a Norway spruce stand. Biomass and Bioenergy. 35(8):3328–3334.
  • USDA Forest Service, 2015. Forest Inventory and Analysis National Program, USA.
  • Snell, J.A.K. and Little, S.N., 1983. Predicting Crown weight and bole volume of five western hardwoods. United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, USA.
  • Ralevic, P., Ryans, M., Cormier, D., 2010. Assessing forest biomass for bioenergy: Operational challenges and cost considerations. For. Chron. 86(1):43–50.
  • Perlack, R.D., Wright, L.L., Turhollow, A.F., Graham, R.L., Stokes, B.J., Erbach, D.C., 2005. Biomass as feedstock for a bioenergy and bioproducts industry: the technical feasibility of a billion-ton annual supply. USDA and the USDOE, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
  • Parzei, S., Krigstin, S., Hayashi, K., Wetzel, S., 2014. Forest harvest residues available in Eastern Canada–a critical review of estimations. For. Chron. 90(6):778–784.
  • Oneil, E. and Lippke, B., 2009. Eastern Washington biomass accessibility. Washington State Legislature and Washington Department of Natural Resources, Seattle, WA, USA.
  • Morgan, T.A., 2009. An assessment of forest-based woody biomass supply and use in Montana. Forestry Assistance Bureau, Forestry Division, Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Missoula, Montana, USA.
  • Mann, L. and Tolbert, V., 2000. Soil Sustainability in Renewable Biomass Plantings. AMBIO J. Hum. Environ. 29(8):492–498.
  • Kizha., A.R., Han, H.-S. Allometric equations for predicting aboveground biomass, various tree components and structural dimensions in coast redwood. For. Sci. Rev. (Submitted)
  • Jenkins, J.C., Chojnacky, D.C., Heath, L.S., Birdsey. R.A., 2003. National-scale biomass estimators for United States tree species. For. Sci. 49(1):12–35.
  • Huang, S., Crabtree, R.L., Potter, C., Gross, P., 2009. Estimating the quantity and quality of coarse woody debris in Yellowstone post-fire forest ecosystem from fusion of SAR and optical data. Remote Sens. Environ. 113(9):1926–1938.
  • Hohl, A., Bisson, J., Kizhakkepurakkal, A. R., Montgomery, T., Han, S.K. Han, H.-S., 2013. Blue Lake Rancheria Woody Biomass Availability Study. Blue Lake Rancheria Tribe, Blue Lake, CA, USA.
  • Gholz, H.L., Grier, C.C., Campbell, A.G., Brown, A.T., 1979. Equations for estimating biomass and leaf area of plants in the Pacific Northwest. Corvallis: Forest Research Lab., School of Forestry, Oregon State University, OR, USA.
  • Fried, J.S. and Zhou, X., 2008. Forest inventory-based estimation of carbon stocks and flux in California forests in 1990. General Technical Report, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, USA.
  • Enters, T., 2001. Trash or treasure?: logging and mill residues in Asia and the Pacific. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Brown, J.K., Reinhardt, E.D., Kramer, K.A., 2003. Coarse woody debris: managing benefits and fire hazard in the recovering forest. General Technical Report, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
  • Brown, J.K., 1974. Handbook for inventorying downed woody material. USDA Forest Service, Ogden, Utah, USA.
  • Birdsey, R., 2004. Data gaps for monitoring forest carbon in the United States: an inventory perspective. Environ. Manage. 33(1):S1–S8.
  • Andersen, H.-E., Strunk J., Temesgen, H., 2011. Using airborne light detection and ranging as a sampling tool for estimating forest biomass resources in the Upper Tanana Valley of Interior Alaska. West. J. Appl. For. 26(4):157–164.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Anil Raj Kizha This is me

Han-Sup Han This is me

Publication Date December 31, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kizha, A. R., & Han, H.-S. (2015). Forest Residues Recovered from Whole-tree Timber Harvesting Operations. European Journal of Forest Engineering, 1(2), 46-55.

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The works published in European Journal of Forest Engineering (EJFE) are licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.