Research Article
Temporal Change of Drainage Structures in Forest Roads (Study of Bentler Forest Enterprise 2009-2019)
Year 2020, Volume 6, Issue 2, 52 - 59, 30.12.2020Abstract
The forest roads provide access to forest resources in carrying out main forestry activities such as protection, afforestation, management, recreation and firefighting. Long-term, trouble-free and safe use of forest roads is possible through the construction of the drainage structures and walls along the road alignment. The drainage structures and protective structures used in forest roads are various types. These are dip drains, pipes, culverts, bridges, water-bars and walls. The main task of all drainage structures and walls is protecting the forest roads against external aggressors. In this study, drainage structures on a sample road were investigated. Along the forest road alignment, changes of drainage structures over 10 years were observed. As a result of the study, current conditions of drainage structures were revealed and various suggestions were presented.
Keywords
Drainage structures, Culvert, Forest road, Positioning, Sizing
References
- Anonymous, 2010. Forest Management Plan, Bentler Forest Enterprise Chief, Istanbul Forestry Regional Directorate, Istanbul.
- Anonymous, 2009. How to Install a Forest Road Culvert. Forestry Services Division, Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, USA, pp.1-4.
- Anonymous, 2010. Manual on Introduction to Forest Roads and Considerations for Reduced Impact Logging. Forestry Training Centre Incorporated Tropical Forest Foundation, Iwokrama, pp.21-22.
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- Bayoğlu, S., 1997. Forest Transport Facilities and Vehicles. İstanbul University faculty of Forestry Publication, No. 434, İstanbul.
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- Erdaş, O., 1997. Forest Roads. Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry Publication, No.26, Trabzon.
- Eskandari, S., Hosseini, S.A., 2013. Assessment of drainage system standards of forest roads in Darabkola – Iran. Pol .J .Environ. Stud., 22(3): 675-682.
- Fannin, J.R., Lorbach, J., 2007. Guide to Forest Road Engineering in Mountainous Terrain. Forest Harvesting and Engineering Working Paper 2, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp.39-50.
- Kalantari, Z., Folkeson, L., 2013. Road drainage in Sweden: Current practice and suggestions for adaptation to climate change. Journal of Infrastructure System, 19: 147-156. Kramer, B.W., 2001. Forest Road Contracting, Construction, and Maintenance for Small Forest Woodland Owners. Oregon State University, Forest Research Laboratory, Research Contribution 35, pp.14-19.
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- Öztürk, T., 2010. Determination of necessary basis for positioning of drainage structures in forest roads (sample of Belgrad Forest), Proceedings of III. National Blacksea Forestry Congress, Vol 2, 20-22 May, Artvin, pp.494-504.
- Özçelik, N., 1982. Road structures. İstanbul University, Faculty of Forestry Publication, No. 173, İstanbul.
- Öztürk, T., İnan, M., 2010. Use of GIS for determination of positioning and sizes of drainage constructions at forest roads. III. National Remote Sensing and GIS Symposium, 11-13 October, İstanbul, pp.736-744.
- Rezvani, M., 2012. Investigation of Drainage Structure of Forest Roads in North of Iran. Global Journal of Bio-Science and Biotechnology, 1(2): 220-222.
- Ryan, T., Phillips, H., Ramsay, J., Dempsey, J, 2004. Forest Road Manual Guidelines for the Design, Construction and Management of Forest Roads. National Council for Forest Research and Development, Ireland, pp.111-112.
- Schwab, J., 1994. Erosion Control: Planning, Forest Road Deactivation and Hillslope Revegetation. A Guide for Management of Landslide-Prone Terrain in the Pacific Northwest, Second Edition, Victoria, British Columbia.
- URL-1, 2019. https://www.google.com.tr/intl/tr/earth/
Year 2020, Volume 6, Issue 2, 52 - 59, 30.12.2020
Abstract
References
- Anonymous, 2010. Forest Management Plan, Bentler Forest Enterprise Chief, Istanbul Forestry Regional Directorate, Istanbul.
- Anonymous, 2009. How to Install a Forest Road Culvert. Forestry Services Division, Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, USA, pp.1-4.
- Anonymous, 2010. Manual on Introduction to Forest Roads and Considerations for Reduced Impact Logging. Forestry Training Centre Incorporated Tropical Forest Foundation, Iwokrama, pp.21-22.
- Anonymous, 2019. Forest Roads and Construction of Associated Water Diversion Devices. Forestry and Wildlife, Alabama Cooperative Extension System, ANR-0916, pp.1-4.
- Bayoğlu, S., Hasdemir, M., 1991. Selection and sizing of small hydraulic road structures established on forest roads. İstanbul University Faculty of Forestry Journal, B41(3-4): 17-38.
- Bayoğlu, S., 1997. Forest Transport Facilities and Vehicles. İstanbul University faculty of Forestry Publication, No. 434, İstanbul.
- Çalışkan, E., Şentürk, N., Acar, H.H., 2006. Investigation of the hydraulic construction buildings in forest roads using GIS and GPS, İstanbul University Faculty of Forestry Journal, A56(2): 177-190.
- Erdaş, O., 1997. Forest Roads. Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry Publication, No.26, Trabzon.
- Eskandari, S., Hosseini, S.A., 2013. Assessment of drainage system standards of forest roads in Darabkola – Iran. Pol .J .Environ. Stud., 22(3): 675-682.
- Fannin, J.R., Lorbach, J., 2007. Guide to Forest Road Engineering in Mountainous Terrain. Forest Harvesting and Engineering Working Paper 2, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, pp.39-50.
- Kalantari, Z., Folkeson, L., 2013. Road drainage in Sweden: Current practice and suggestions for adaptation to climate change. Journal of Infrastructure System, 19: 147-156. Kramer, B.W., 2001. Forest Road Contracting, Construction, and Maintenance for Small Forest Woodland Owners. Oregon State University, Forest Research Laboratory, Research Contribution 35, pp.14-19.
- OGM, 2008. Forest Roads Planning, Construction and Maintenance, Notification No. 292. General Directorate of Forestry, Construction and Supply Department Publication, Ankara.
- Öztürk, T., 2010. Determination of necessary basis for positioning of drainage structures in forest roads (sample of Belgrad Forest), Proceedings of III. National Blacksea Forestry Congress, Vol 2, 20-22 May, Artvin, pp.494-504.
- Özçelik, N., 1982. Road structures. İstanbul University, Faculty of Forestry Publication, No. 173, İstanbul.
- Öztürk, T., İnan, M., 2010. Use of GIS for determination of positioning and sizes of drainage constructions at forest roads. III. National Remote Sensing and GIS Symposium, 11-13 October, İstanbul, pp.736-744.
- Rezvani, M., 2012. Investigation of Drainage Structure of Forest Roads in North of Iran. Global Journal of Bio-Science and Biotechnology, 1(2): 220-222.
- Ryan, T., Phillips, H., Ramsay, J., Dempsey, J, 2004. Forest Road Manual Guidelines for the Design, Construction and Management of Forest Roads. National Council for Forest Research and Development, Ireland, pp.111-112.
- Schwab, J., 1994. Erosion Control: Planning, Forest Road Deactivation and Hillslope Revegetation. A Guide for Management of Landslide-Prone Terrain in the Pacific Northwest, Second Edition, Victoria, British Columbia.
- URL-1, 2019. https://www.google.com.tr/intl/tr/earth/
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020, Volume 6, Issue 2 |
Cite
| Bibtex | @research article { ejfe721965, journal = {European Journal of Forest Engineering}, issn = {}, eissn = {2149-5637}, address = {}, publisher = {Forest Engineering and Technologies Platform}, year = {2020}, volume = {6}, pages = {52 - 59}, doi = {10.33904/ejfe.721965}, title = {Temporal Change of Drainage Structures in Forest Roads (Study of Bentler Forest Enterprise 2009-2019)}, key = {cite}, author = {Öztürk, Tolga} } |
| APA | Öztürk, T. (2020). Temporal Change of Drainage Structures in Forest Roads (Study of Bentler Forest Enterprise 2009-2019) . European Journal of Forest Engineering , 6 (2) , 52-59 . DOI: 10.33904/ejfe.721965 |
| MLA | Öztürk, T. "Temporal Change of Drainage Structures in Forest Roads (Study of Bentler Forest Enterprise 2009-2019)" . European Journal of Forest Engineering 6 (2020 ): 52-59 <https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ejfe/issue/56757/721965> |
| Chicago | Öztürk, T. "Temporal Change of Drainage Structures in Forest Roads (Study of Bentler Forest Enterprise 2009-2019)". European Journal of Forest Engineering 6 (2020 ): 52-59 |
| RIS | TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal Change of Drainage Structures in Forest Roads (Study of Bentler Forest Enterprise 2009-2019) AU - Tolga Öztürk Y1 - 2020 PY - 2020 N1 - doi: 10.33904/ejfe.721965 DO - 10.33904/ejfe.721965 T2 - European Journal of Forest Engineering JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 52 EP - 59 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - -2149-5637 M3 - doi: 10.33904/ejfe.721965 UR - https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.721965 Y2 - 2020 ER - |
| EndNote | %0 European Journal of Forest Engineering Temporal Change of Drainage Structures in Forest Roads (Study of Bentler Forest Enterprise 2009-2019) %A Tolga Öztürk %T Temporal Change of Drainage Structures in Forest Roads (Study of Bentler Forest Enterprise 2009-2019) %D 2020 %J European Journal of Forest Engineering %P -2149-5637 %V 6 %N 2 %R doi: 10.33904/ejfe.721965 %U 10.33904/ejfe.721965 |
| ISNAD | Öztürk, Tolga . "Temporal Change of Drainage Structures in Forest Roads (Study of Bentler Forest Enterprise 2009-2019)". European Journal of Forest Engineering 6 / 2 (December 2020): 52-59 . https://doi.org/10.33904/ejfe.721965 |
| AMA | Öztürk T. Temporal Change of Drainage Structures in Forest Roads (Study of Bentler Forest Enterprise 2009-2019). Eur J Forest Eng. 2020; 6(2): 52-59. |
| Vancouver | Öztürk T. Temporal Change of Drainage Structures in Forest Roads (Study of Bentler Forest Enterprise 2009-2019). European Journal of Forest Engineering. 2020; 6(2): 52-59. |
| IEEE | T. Öztürk , "Temporal Change of Drainage Structures in Forest Roads (Study of Bentler Forest Enterprise 2009-2019)", European Journal of Forest Engineering, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 52-59, Dec. 2021, doi:10.33904/ejfe.721965 |
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