The Effect of Climate Change on Food Production Potential in the World

Climate change poses a persistent threat to food production and global food security. This review outlines and discusses the effects of climate change on global food production, focusing on crop production, livestock systems, and aquatic food systems. Agricultural systems are highly vulnerable to rising temperatures, irregular rainfall, and extreme weather events, which reduce crop yields and destabilize food supplies. Livestock production is similarly affected, as heat stress reduces productivity, fertility, and health, while drought limits feed and water availability, resulting in increased mortality and higher production costs. These factors increase the risk of food poverty, particularly in countries heavily reliant on agriculture and livestock. Additional consequences include reduced food quality, higher prices, disrupted supply chains, and weakened distribution systems. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive government policies and international cooperation to support adaptation and mitigation strategies, thereby promoting the long-term sustainability of crop, animal, and aquatic food systems worldwide.