The Impact of Climate Change on Food Production in Europe

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 52 - 59, 30.06.2022

Maliha Afreen

Abstract

Food availability and food safety are main concerns with globally increased population. There are many factors involve which can affect the food production and food security. Approximately worldwide food production is obtained from agriculture sector. Climate change is a major factor which can influence the food production at maximum level in agriculture sector. In this pepper we discuss about effects of climatic variations on food crop production in European countries. It was observed from previous studies that temperature, rainfall and precipitation are main factors which can affect the food crop productivity. Mostly Northern and southern regions of Europe are effected by climatic variations. High temperature, low rain fall, long frost periods all can affect crop productivity in different regions according to geographic locations. In recent years high temperature was noticed as a major factor to disturb the agriculture ecosystem by increasing drought and heat stress. High temperature is also favorable for the reproduction of many insects’ pasts which can damage the crop and stored food. It is also dangerous for livestock by increasing mortality rate of livestock and due to scarcity of fodder because of high temperature. So there should be a government responsibility to give awareness among farmers to overcome these problems by making new strategies by changing of crop varieties and adjusting crops in alternate cultivating areas.

Keywords

Food production, Climate change, European countries, agricultural ecosystem, Food production, Climate change, European countries, agricultural ecosystem

References

• Ainsworth E. A. & Long S. P. 2005. What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2. New Phytologist, 165, 351–372.
• Albut S., Bağdatlı M. C. & Dumanlı Ö., 2018. Remote Sensing Determination of Variation in Adjacent Agricultural Fields in the Ergene River, Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 5(1): 113-122.
• Alcamo J., Dronin N., Endejan M., Golubev G. & Kirilenko A. 2007. A new assessment of climate change impacts on food production shortfalls and water availability in Russia. Global Environmental Change, 17(3–4), 429–444.
• Alcamo J., Endejan M., Kirilenko A., Golubev G. N. & Dronin N. M. 2005. Climate change and its impact on agricultural production in Russia. In: Milanova E., Himiyama Y., Bicik I., (eds) Understand land-use and land-cover change in global and regional context. Science Publishers, Plymouth, pp. 35–46.
• Alcamo J., Moreno J. M., Nováky B., Bindi M., Corobov R., Devoy R. J. N., Giannakopoulos C., Martin E., Olesen J. E. & Shvidenko A. 2007. Europe. In: Parry M. L., Canziani O. F., Palutikof J. P., van der Linden P. J., Hanson C. E. (Eds.), Climate Change, 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp. 541–580.
• Alexandrov V., Eitzinger J., Cajic V. & Oberforster M. 2002. Potential impact of climate change on selected agricultural crops in northeastern Austria. Global Change Biology, 8(4), 372–389. Audsley E., Pearn K. R., Simota C., Cojocaru G., Koutsidou E., Rousevell M. D. A., Trnka M. & Alexandrov V. 2006. What can scenario modelling tell us about future European scale agricultural land use, and what not? Environmental Science & Policy, 9(2), 148–162.
• Bale J. S., Masters G. J., Hodkinson I. D., Awmack C., Bezemer T. M., Brown V. K., Butterfield J., Buse A., Coulson J. C., Farrar J., Good J. E. G., Harrington R., Hartley S., Jones T. H., Lindroth R. L., Press M. C., Symrnioudis I., Watt A. D. & Whittaker J. B. 2002. Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores. Global Change Biology, 8(1), 1–16.
• Bağdatlı M.C. & Belliturk K. 2016. Water Resources Have Been Threatened in Thrace Region of Turkey, Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research, MedCrave Publishing, 4(1), 227-228.
• Bağdatlı M.C. & Can E. 2019. Analysis of Precipitation Datas by Mann Kendall and Sperman's Rho Rank Correlation Statistical Approaches in Nevsehir Province of Turkey, Recent Research in Science and Technology Journal, (11), 24-31.
• Bağdatlı M.C. & Belliturk K. 2016. Negative Effects of Climate Change in Turkey, Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research, Med Crave Publishing, 3(2), 44-46.
• Bağdatlı M.C. Belliturk K. & Jabbari A. 2015. Possible Effects on Soil and Water Resources Observed in Nevşehir Province in Long Annual Temperature and Rain Changing, Eurasian Journal of Forest Science, 3(2), 19-27.
• Bağdatlı M. C. & Arslan O. 2020. Trend Analysis of Precipitation Datas Observed for Many Years (1970-2019) in Niğde Center and Ulukisla District of Turkey, International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and Technology (IJRDET), 9(7), 1-8.
• Bağdatlı M. C. & Can E. 2020. Temperature Changes of Niğde Province in Turkey: Trend analysis of 50 years data, International Journal of Ecology and Development Research (IJEDR), 6(2), 62-71.
• Bağdatlı M.C. & Ballı Y. 2019. Evaluation with Trend Analysis of The Open Surface Evaporation in Observed for Many Years: The Case Study in Nevsehir Province of Turkey, Recent Research in Science and Technology Journal, (11), 15-23.
• Carter T. R., Saarikko R. A. & Niemi K. J. 1996. Assessing the risks and uncertainties of regional crop potential under a changing climate in Finland. Agricultural and Food Science, Finland. 3, 329–349.
• Colebrook E. & Wall R. 2004. Ectoparasites of livestock in Europe and the Mediterranean region. Veterinary Parasitology, 120(4), 251–274.
• Ewert F., Rounsevell M. D. A., Reginster I., Metzger M. J. & Leemans R. 2005. Future scenarios of European agricultural land use. I. Estimating changes in crop productivity. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 107 (2–3), 101–116.
• FAO. 2008c. Food safety and climate change. FAO conference on food security and the challenges of climate change and bioenergy.
• Fronzek S. & Carter T. R. 2007. Assessing uncertainties in climate change impacts on resource potential for Europe based on projections from RCMs and GCMs. Climate change, 81, 357–371.
• Giannakopoulos C., Le Sager P., Bindi M., Moriondo M., Kostopoulou E. & Goodess C. M. 2009. Climatic changes and associated impacts in the Mediterranean resulting from a 2 degrees C global warming. Global and Planetary Change, 68, 209–224.
• Gould E. A., Higgs S., Buckley A. & Gritsun T. S. 2006. Potential arbovirus emergence and implications for the United Kingdom. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12(4), 549–555.
• Hildén M. & Lethtonen H. 2005. The practice and process of adaptation in Finnis agriculture. FINADAPT Working paper 5, Helsinki, Finnish Environment Institute Mimeographs, p. 335.
• Holden N. M. & Brereton A. J. 2002. An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on grass yield in Ireland over the next 100 years. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 41(2), 213–226.
• Holden N. M. & Brereton A. J. 2003. Potential impacts of climate change on maize production and the introduction of soybean in Ireland. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 42(1), 1–15.
• Holden N. M., Brereton A. J., Fealy R. & Sweeney J. 2003. Possible change in Irish climate and its impact on barley and potato yields. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 116(3–4), 181–196.
• Holmer B. 2008. Fluctuations of winter wheat yields in relation to length of winter in Sweden 1866 to 2006. Climate Research, 36, 241–252.
• İstanbulluoğlu A., Bağdatlı M.C. & Arslan C. 2013. Uzun Yıllık Yağış Verilerinin Trend Analizi ile Değerlendirilmesi Tekirdağ-Çorlu İlçesi Uygulaması, Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 70-77.
• Jones P. D., Lister D. H., Jaggard K. W. & Pidgeon J. D. 2003. Future climate impact on the productivity of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Europe. Climate Change, 58 (1–2), 93–108.
• Kimball B. A., Kobayahsi K. & Bindi M. 2002. Responses of agricultural crops to free air CO2 enrichment. Advances in Agronomy, 77, 293–368.
• Kristensen K., Schelde K. & Olesen J. E. 2010. Winter wheat yield response to climate variability in Denmark. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, First View. Lobell D. B. & Field C. B. 2007. Global scale climate-crop yield relationships and the impacts of recent warming. Environmental Research Letters, 2, 014002. Maracchi G., Sirotenko O. & Bindi M. 2005. Impacts of present and future climate variability on agriculture and forestry in the temperate regions: Europe. Climate Change, 70(1–2), 117–135.
• Meehl G. A. & Tebaldi C. 2004. More intense, more frequent, and longer lasting heat waves in the 21st century. Science, 305(5686), 994–997.
• Mela T. 1996. Northern agriculture: constraints and responses to global climate change. Agricultural and Food Science, Finland 5, 229–234.
• Mellor P. S. & Wittmann E. J. 2002. Bluetongue virus in the Mediterranean Basin 1998–2001. Veterinary Journal, 164(1), 20–37.
• Minguez M. I., Ruiz-Ramos M., Dı ´az-Ambrona C. H., Quemada M. & Sau F. 2007. First-order impacts on winter and summer crops assessed with various high-resolution climate models in the Iberian Peninsula. Climate Change, 81, 343–355.
• Moriondo M., Giannakopoulos C. & Bindi M. 2010. Climate change impact assessment: the role of climate extremes in crop yield simulation. Climate Change, Online First.
• Olesen J. E. & Bindi M. 2002. Consequences of climate change for European agricultural productivity, land use and policy. European Journal of Agronomy, 16(4), 239–262.
• Olesen J. E., Carter T. R., Diaz-Ambrona C. H., Fronzek S., Heidmann T., Hickler T., Holt T., Minguez M. I., Morales P., Palutikof J. P., Quemada M., Ruiz-Ramos M., Rubaek G. H., Sau F., Smith B. & Sykes M. T. 2007. Uncertainties in projected impacts of climate change on European agriculture and terrestrial ecosystems based on scenarios from regional climate models. Climate Change, 81, 123–143.
• Olesen J. E., Trnka M., Kersebaum K. C., Skjelvåg A. O., Seguin B., Peltonen-Sainio P., Rossi F., Kozyra J. & Micale F. 2011. Impacts and adaptation of European crop production systems to climate change. European journal of agronomy, 34(2), 96-112.
• Reidsma P. & Ewert F. 2008. Regional farm diversity can reduce vulnerability of food production to climate change. Ecology and Society, 13, 38.
• Richter G. M. & Semenov M. A. 2005. Modelling impacts of climate change on wheat yields in England and Wales: assessing drought risks. Agricultural Systems, 84(1), 77–97.
• Rochette P., Belanger G., Castonguay Y., Bootsma A. & Mongrain D. 2004. Climate change and winter damage to fruit trees in eastern Canada. Can. Journal of Plant Sciences, 84, 1113–1125.
• Salinari F., Giosue S., Tubiello F. N., Rettori A., Rossi V., Spanna F., Rosenzweig C. & Gullino M. L. 2006. Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) epidemics on grapevine under climate change. Global Change Biology, 12(7), 1299–1307.
• Santos F. D., Forbes K., Moita R. 2002. (Eds.). Climate Change in Portugal: Scenarios, Impacts and Adaptation Measures. SIAM project report, Gradiva, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 456
• Scha¨r C., Vidale P. L., Lu¨thi D., Frei C., Ha¨berli C., Liniger M. A. & Appenzeller C. 2004. The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heatwaves. Nature, 427(6972), 332–336.
• Trnka M., Dubrovsky M. & Zalud Z. 2004. Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies in spring barley production in the Czech Republic. Climate Change, 64(1–2), 227–255.
• Trnka M., Kysely J., Mozny M. & Dubrovsky, M. 2009. Changes in the Central European soil moisture availability and circulation patterns in 1881–2005. International Journal of Climate Change, 29, 655–672.
• Turnpenny J. R., Parsons D. J., Armstrong A. C., Clark J. A., Cooper K. & Matthews A. M. 2001. Integrated models of livestock systems for climate change studies. 2. Intensive systems. Global Change Biology, 7 (2), 163–170.
• Wittmann E. J. & Baylis M. 2000. Climate change: effects on culicoides transmitted viruses and implications for the UK. Veterinary Journal, 160(2), 107–117.