Haematological and Immunological Indices in Nigerian Farmworkers Occupationally Exposed to Organophosphate Pesticides

Öz

Deneysel çalışmalar organfosfat pestisitlere mesleki maruziyet ile ilişkili çok sayıda sağlık bozuklukları göstermiştir, ancak insanlarda pestisitler tarafından bozulmuş immün fonksiyon bulguları azdır. Bu çalışma, pestisitlere maruz kalmış 60 tarım işçisi (30 pestisit uygulayan ve 30 çiftçi) ve karşılaştırma yapmak üzere görünüşde sağlıklı, organikfosforlara maruz kalmamış 30 işcide, tam kan sayımı (CBC), serum immunglobulinleri (IgE, IgA, IgM, IgG), asetilkolinesteraz (AChE) aktivitesive ve ortak çevresel alerjenlere deri prick testi duyarlılığı yapılmıştır. Kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında hem pestisitler uygulamacılar (PA) ve çiftçilerin serum AChE aktivitesi, ortalama lenfosit sayısı ve eozinofil sayısı önemli ölçüde yükselmişken, PCV düzeyi, toplam beyaz kan hücresi sayımı (WBC) ve nötrofil sayısı önemli ölçüde azalmıştı. Ancak, monosit sayısı kontrollerle karşılaştırıldığında PA’da önemli ölçüde armıştı Ayrıca, serum AChE aktivitesi ve serum IgM seviyesi çiftçiler ile karşılaştırıldığında PA’da anlamlı şekilde azalmışken, monosit sayısı anlamlı oranda artmıştı. Bu çalışma pestisit uygulayanların, çiftçilerden daha organikfosfat etkilerine daha fazla maruz kaldığını göstermektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çiftçi, bağışıklığı baskılanmış, organofosfat maruziyeti, pestisid uygulayıcısı

Haematological and Immunological Indices in Nigerian Farmworkers Occupationally Exposed to Organophosphate Pesticides

Abstract

Experimental studies have shown numerous health disorders associated with occupational exposure to organophosphate pesticides but evidence of impaired immune functions by pesticides in humans is scarce. This study determined complete blood count (CBC), serum immunoglobulin classes (IgE, IgA, IgM, IgG),acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and skin sensitivity prick test to common environmental allergens in 60 farm workers (30 pesticide applicators and 30 farmers) exposed to organophosphate (OP) pesticides compared with30 apparently healthy, non-exposed workers. Serum AChE activity, mean PCV level, total white blood cell count (TWBC) and neutrophil count were significantly reduced while the mean lymphocyte count and eosinophil count were significantly raised in both pesticides applicators (PA) and farmers compared with controls. However, mean monocyte count was significantly raised in PA compared with controls. Also, serum activityof AChE and mean serum IgM level were significantly reduced while the mean monocyte count was significantly raised in PA compared with farmers. This study shows that pesticides applicators are more exposed to effects of organophosphate than farmers.

Keywords

• Farm workers, immunosuppression, organophosphate exposure, pesticide applicators

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