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High Fatty Diet Effects on Rat Liver

Year 2014, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 99 - 108, 01.06.2014
https://doi.org/10.15197/sabad.1.11.47

Abstract

Aim of this study was to investigate effects of high fat diet on rat liver and weight gain. By this purpose 30 Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 groups. 1. High carbonhydrate diet group for 16 weeks (K16), 2. High fatty diet group for 16 weeks (D16), 3. High carbonhydrate diet group 20 weeks (K20), 4. High fatty diet group 20 weeks (D20). High fatty diet; %60 fat (1/3 canola, 1/3margarine, 1/3 sunflower oil), %20 protein, %20 carbohydrate and high carbohydrate control diet; %69 carbohydrate, %20 protein and %11 margarine was composed. There weren\'t any significant differences between groups as compared to body weight, liver weight and epididymal fat weight. At the result of biochemical analysis, LDH in 16 weeks high carbohydrate diet and ALT in 20 weeks high carbonhydrate diet was significant higher than high fatty diet groups. In histological research, even though fibrosis, inflamation, steatosis findings observed at portal area of all groups, there wasn\'t significant statistical differences. Similar to this, α-SMA and TGF-β accumulation in all groups were similar interms of immunohistological investigation. In conclusion; this study showed that comparing to relatively high fatty diet rich with omega-9, high carbonhydrate feeding caused liver injury and anointment and there wasn\'t significant differences in terms of weight gain. By this way, we think that decreasing of carbonhydrate and increasing amount of olive oil, canola oil and hazelnut oil at which containing omega-9 in diet, liver can be protected.

References

  • Wilborn C, Beckham J, Campbell B, at al. Obesity: Prevalence, Management, and Research Directions. J Int Soc Sports Nutrit 2005; 2(2): 4-31. Medical Consequences,
  • Ludwig DS. The glycemic index: physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. JAMA 2002 May 8;287(18):2414-23.
  • McAuley KA, Hopkins CM, Smith KJ, McLay RT, Williams SM, Taylor RW, Mann JI. Comparison of high-fat and high- protein diets with a high-carbohydrate diet in insulin- resistant obese women. Diabetologia (2005) 48: 8–16.
  • Dowman J. K, Tomlinson J.W.and Newsome P.N. Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Q J Med 2010; 103:71–83.
  • Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry (26th Edition) Published by McGraw-Hill, 2003 pp:57.
  • Smith C, Marks A, Lieberman M. Mark's Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach 2nd Edition pp:858-859.
  • Baybutt CR, Molteni A. Dietary β-carotene protects lung and liver parenchyma of rats treated with monocrotaline. Toxicology 1999; 137: 69-80.
  • Xu JZ, Fan JG, Ding XD, Qiao L, Wang GL. Characterization of High- Fat, Diet Induced, Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis with Fibrosis in Rats. Dig Dis Sci.2009.
  • Altunkaynak Z. Effects of High Fat Diet Induced Obesity on Female Rat Livers (A Histochemical Study). Eur J Gen Med 2005;2(3): 100-9.
  • Jornayvaz FR, Jurczak MJ, Lee HY, at al. A high-fat, ke- togenic diet causes hepatic insulin resistance in mice, despite increasing energy expenditure and preventing weight gain. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299(5): 808-15.
  • Tanoue S, Uto H, Kumamoto R, at al. Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rat is more impaired in a steatotic liver induced by dietary fructose compared to dietary fat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 407(1): 163-8.
  • Kucera O, Garnol T, Lotkova H, at al. The effect of rat strain, diet composition and feding period on the devel- opment of a nutritional model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Physiol Res 2011; 60(2): 317-28.
  • Hwang J, Jun HS, Shim E. Rates of Change in Fatty Acid Composition When Dietary Soybean Oil Is Switched to Olive Oil. Journal of Health Science 2010; 56(3): 275-86.
  • Hammer CT, Wills ED. The role of Lipid Components of the Diet in the Regulation of the Fatty Acid Composition of the Rat Liver Endoplasmic Reticulum and Lipid Peroxidation. Biochem J 1978; 174: 585-93.
  • Omagari K, Kato S, Tsuneyama K, at al. Effect of a Long- Term High-Fat Diet and Switching from a High-Fat to Low-Fat, Standart Diet on Hepatic Fat Accumulation in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53: 3206-12.
  • Reis SRL, Feres NH, Souza LMI at al. Soybean diet re- duces liver fat in recovered rats of protein restriction in early life. 18th European Congress on Obesity Proceedings Book, pp:145. 18th European Congress on Obesity, Istanbul, Turkey, 25-28 May 2011.
  • Torres DDO, Santos ACO, Silva AKS, at al. Effect of Maternal Diet Rich in Omega-6 and Omega-9 Fatty Acids on the Liver of LDL Receptor-Deficient Mouse Offspring. Birth Defects Research (Part B). 2010; 89: 164-170.
  • Lieber CS, Leo MA, Mak KM, at al. Model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. American J Clin Nutr 2004; 79(3): 502-9.
  • Zou Y, Li J, Lu C, at al. High-fat emulsion-induced rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Life Sciences 2006; 79(11): 1100-7.
  • White PJ, Linda M, Duvick P, Duvick S. Improving the fatty acid composition of corn oil by using germplasm intro- gression. Lipid Technology 2006; 19(2): 35-8.
  • Simopoulos AP. Omega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acid Ratio and Chronic Diseases. Food Reviews International Vol. 20, No. 1, 2004, pp. 77-90.
  • Lionetti L, Mollica MP, Donizzetti I at al. Mitochondrial morphology and functions are differently affected by high fat diet rich in lard or in fish oil in the development of hepatic injury. 18th European Congress on Obesity Proceedings Book, pp:50. 18th European Congress on Obesity, Istanbul, Turkey, 25-28 May 2011.
  • Koppe SW, Elias M, Moseley RH, Gren RM. Trans fat feding results in higher serum alanine aminotransferase and in- creased insulin resistance compared with a standard mu- rine high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 297(2): 378-84.
  • Parasarathy S, Khoo JC, Miller E, Barnett J, Witztum JL, Steinberg D. Low density lipoprotein rich in oleic acid is protected against oxidative modification: Implications for dietary prevention of atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1990; 87:3894-8.
  • Berry EM, Eisenberg S, Haratz D, at al. Effect of diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipoproteins- the Jerusalem Nutrition Study: high MUFAs vs high PUFAs. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 899-907.
  • Riveros CG, Mestrallet MG, Gayol MF, Quiroga PR, Nepote V, Grosso NR. Effect of storage on chemical and sensory profiles of peanut pastes prepared with high-oleic and normal peanuts. J Sci Food Agric 2010; 90(15): 2694-9.
  • Nakbi A, Tayeb W, Girssa A, at al. Effect of olive oil and its fractions on oxidative stres and the liver`s fatty acid composition in 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-treated rats. Nutr Metab 2010; 7:80.
  • Gomez-Lechon MJ, Donato MT, Martinez-Romero A, Jimenez N, Castell JV, O’Connor JE. A human hepatocel- lular in vitro model to investigate steatosis. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 165(2): 106-16.
  • Ricchi M, Odoardi MR, Carulli L, at al. Differential effect of oleic and palmitic acid on lipid accumulation and apop- tosis in cultured hepatocytes. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 830-40.
  • Hussein O, Grosovski M, Lasri E, Svalb S, Ravid U, Assy N. Monounsaturated fat decreases hepatic lipid con- tent in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13(3): 361-8.
  • Romestaing C, Piquet MA, Bedu E at al. Long term highly satured fat diet does not induce NASH in Wistar rats. Nutr Metab 2007; 4:4.
  • Berke BM, Kaplan ML. Effect of high fat and high carbohy- drate diets on development of hepatic and adipose lipo- genesis in fa/fa and non-fa/fa rats. J Nutr 1983; 113(4): 820-34.
  • Oboh HA, Omofoma CO, Olumese FE, Eiya B. Effects of High Carbohydrate Low Fat Nigerian-Like Diet on Biochemical Indices in Rabbits. Pakistan J Nutr 2007; 6(4): 399-403.
  • Lomba A, Milagro FI, Garcia-Diaz DF, Campion J, Marzo F, Martinez JA. A high-sucrose isocaloric pair-fed model induces obesity and impairs NDUFB6 gene function in rat adipose tissue. J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics 2009; 2(6): 267-72.
  • Haubert NJ, Padovan GJ, Zucoloto S, Vannucchi H, Marchini JS. Experimental induction of steatosis in dif- ferent tissues after the ingestion of a carbohydrate-rich diet: effect on the liver, on the heart and on indicators of oxidation. Arg Gastroenterol 2010; 47(4): 388-92.
  • Waddell M, Fallon HJ. The effect of high-carbohydrate di- ets on liver triglyceride formation in the rat. J Clin Invest 1973; 52: 2725-31.
  • Nseir W, Nassar F, Assy N. Soft drinks consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16(21): 2579-88.
  • Tapply L, Schneiter Ph, Bortolotti M, Le KA. Hepatic li- potoxicity: modulation by nutrients. 18th European Congress on Obesity Proceedings Book, pp:10. 18th European Congress on Obesity, Istanbul, Turkey, 25-28 May 2011.
  • Crescenzo R, Bianco F, Falcone I, at al. Dietary fructose- induced obesity and insulin resistance: is there a role for altered hepatic mitochondrial energetics. 18th European Congress on Obesity Proceedings Book, pp:149. 18th European Congress on Obesity, Istanbul, Turkey, 25-28 May 2011.
  • Fuente-Martin E, Garcia-Caceres C, Diaz F, at al. Interaction between neonatal over-nutrition and a subse- quent sucrose-enriched diet on adipose tissue acquisition. 18th European Congress on Obesity Proceedings Book, pp:47. 18th European Congress on Obesity, Istanbul, Turkey, 25-28 May 2011.

High Fatty Diet Effects on Rat Liver

Year 2014, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 99 - 108, 01.06.2014
https://doi.org/10.15197/sabad.1.11.47

Abstract

Bu çalışmada yüksek yağlı diyetin rat karaciğeri üzerine etkilerinin ve kilo alımındaki rolünün incelenmesi amaçlandı. Bu amaçla 30 adet Wistar Albino rat 4 gruba ayrıldı.1. 16 haftalık yüksek karbonhidratlı diyet grubu (K16), 2. 16 haftalık yüksek yağlı diyet grubu (D16), 20 haftalık yüksek karbonhidratlı diyet grubu (K20), 20 haftalık yüksek yağlı diyet grubu (D20) grupları oluşturuldu. Yüksek yağlı diyet; %60 yağ (1/3 kanola, 1/3 margarin, 1/3 ayçiçek yağı), %20 protein ve %20 karbonhidrattan, yüksek karbonhidratlı standart diyet; %69 karbonhidrat, %20 protein ve %11 yağdan (margarin) oluşturuldu. Vücut ağırlığı, karaciğer ağırlığı ve epididimal yağ ağırlığı karşılaştırıldığında gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık görülmedi. Biyokimyasal analiz sonucunda 16 haftalık yüksek karbonhidrat grubunda LDH, 20 haftalık yüksek karbonhidrat grubunda ALT anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Histolojik incelemede ise tüm gruplarda portal alanda fibrozis, inflamasyon, steatozis bulguları görülmesine rağmen istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmedi. İmmunohistokimyasal incelemede de tüm gruplarda α-SMA ve TGF-β tutulumu benzer bulundu. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma göreceli olarak omega-9’dan zengin yüksek yağlı diyetle karşılaştırıldığında yüksek karbonhidratlı beslenmenin karaciğer hasarına ve yağlanmaya yol açtığını, kilo alımı açısından anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığını göstermiştir. Bundan yola çıkarak diyetteki karbonhidratları kısıtlayarak ve yüksek oranda omega-9 içeren zeytinyağı, kanola ve fındık yağı miktarı arttırılarak karaciğerin korunabileceğini düşünüyoruz

References

  • Wilborn C, Beckham J, Campbell B, at al. Obesity: Prevalence, Management, and Research Directions. J Int Soc Sports Nutrit 2005; 2(2): 4-31. Medical Consequences,
  • Ludwig DS. The glycemic index: physiological mechanisms relating to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. JAMA 2002 May 8;287(18):2414-23.
  • McAuley KA, Hopkins CM, Smith KJ, McLay RT, Williams SM, Taylor RW, Mann JI. Comparison of high-fat and high- protein diets with a high-carbohydrate diet in insulin- resistant obese women. Diabetologia (2005) 48: 8–16.
  • Dowman J. K, Tomlinson J.W.and Newsome P.N. Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Q J Med 2010; 103:71–83.
  • Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry (26th Edition) Published by McGraw-Hill, 2003 pp:57.
  • Smith C, Marks A, Lieberman M. Mark's Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach 2nd Edition pp:858-859.
  • Baybutt CR, Molteni A. Dietary β-carotene protects lung and liver parenchyma of rats treated with monocrotaline. Toxicology 1999; 137: 69-80.
  • Xu JZ, Fan JG, Ding XD, Qiao L, Wang GL. Characterization of High- Fat, Diet Induced, Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis with Fibrosis in Rats. Dig Dis Sci.2009.
  • Altunkaynak Z. Effects of High Fat Diet Induced Obesity on Female Rat Livers (A Histochemical Study). Eur J Gen Med 2005;2(3): 100-9.
  • Jornayvaz FR, Jurczak MJ, Lee HY, at al. A high-fat, ke- togenic diet causes hepatic insulin resistance in mice, despite increasing energy expenditure and preventing weight gain. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299(5): 808-15.
  • Tanoue S, Uto H, Kumamoto R, at al. Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rat is more impaired in a steatotic liver induced by dietary fructose compared to dietary fat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 407(1): 163-8.
  • Kucera O, Garnol T, Lotkova H, at al. The effect of rat strain, diet composition and feding period on the devel- opment of a nutritional model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Physiol Res 2011; 60(2): 317-28.
  • Hwang J, Jun HS, Shim E. Rates of Change in Fatty Acid Composition When Dietary Soybean Oil Is Switched to Olive Oil. Journal of Health Science 2010; 56(3): 275-86.
  • Hammer CT, Wills ED. The role of Lipid Components of the Diet in the Regulation of the Fatty Acid Composition of the Rat Liver Endoplasmic Reticulum and Lipid Peroxidation. Biochem J 1978; 174: 585-93.
  • Omagari K, Kato S, Tsuneyama K, at al. Effect of a Long- Term High-Fat Diet and Switching from a High-Fat to Low-Fat, Standart Diet on Hepatic Fat Accumulation in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Dig Dis Sci 2008; 53: 3206-12.
  • Reis SRL, Feres NH, Souza LMI at al. Soybean diet re- duces liver fat in recovered rats of protein restriction in early life. 18th European Congress on Obesity Proceedings Book, pp:145. 18th European Congress on Obesity, Istanbul, Turkey, 25-28 May 2011.
  • Torres DDO, Santos ACO, Silva AKS, at al. Effect of Maternal Diet Rich in Omega-6 and Omega-9 Fatty Acids on the Liver of LDL Receptor-Deficient Mouse Offspring. Birth Defects Research (Part B). 2010; 89: 164-170.
  • Lieber CS, Leo MA, Mak KM, at al. Model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. American J Clin Nutr 2004; 79(3): 502-9.
  • Zou Y, Li J, Lu C, at al. High-fat emulsion-induced rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Life Sciences 2006; 79(11): 1100-7.
  • White PJ, Linda M, Duvick P, Duvick S. Improving the fatty acid composition of corn oil by using germplasm intro- gression. Lipid Technology 2006; 19(2): 35-8.
  • Simopoulos AP. Omega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acid Ratio and Chronic Diseases. Food Reviews International Vol. 20, No. 1, 2004, pp. 77-90.
  • Lionetti L, Mollica MP, Donizzetti I at al. Mitochondrial morphology and functions are differently affected by high fat diet rich in lard or in fish oil in the development of hepatic injury. 18th European Congress on Obesity Proceedings Book, pp:50. 18th European Congress on Obesity, Istanbul, Turkey, 25-28 May 2011.
  • Koppe SW, Elias M, Moseley RH, Gren RM. Trans fat feding results in higher serum alanine aminotransferase and in- creased insulin resistance compared with a standard mu- rine high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 297(2): 378-84.
  • Parasarathy S, Khoo JC, Miller E, Barnett J, Witztum JL, Steinberg D. Low density lipoprotein rich in oleic acid is protected against oxidative modification: Implications for dietary prevention of atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1990; 87:3894-8.
  • Berry EM, Eisenberg S, Haratz D, at al. Effect of diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipoproteins- the Jerusalem Nutrition Study: high MUFAs vs high PUFAs. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 899-907.
  • Riveros CG, Mestrallet MG, Gayol MF, Quiroga PR, Nepote V, Grosso NR. Effect of storage on chemical and sensory profiles of peanut pastes prepared with high-oleic and normal peanuts. J Sci Food Agric 2010; 90(15): 2694-9.
  • Nakbi A, Tayeb W, Girssa A, at al. Effect of olive oil and its fractions on oxidative stres and the liver`s fatty acid composition in 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-treated rats. Nutr Metab 2010; 7:80.
  • Gomez-Lechon MJ, Donato MT, Martinez-Romero A, Jimenez N, Castell JV, O’Connor JE. A human hepatocel- lular in vitro model to investigate steatosis. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 165(2): 106-16.
  • Ricchi M, Odoardi MR, Carulli L, at al. Differential effect of oleic and palmitic acid on lipid accumulation and apop- tosis in cultured hepatocytes. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 830-40.
  • Hussein O, Grosovski M, Lasri E, Svalb S, Ravid U, Assy N. Monounsaturated fat decreases hepatic lipid con- tent in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13(3): 361-8.
  • Romestaing C, Piquet MA, Bedu E at al. Long term highly satured fat diet does not induce NASH in Wistar rats. Nutr Metab 2007; 4:4.
  • Berke BM, Kaplan ML. Effect of high fat and high carbohy- drate diets on development of hepatic and adipose lipo- genesis in fa/fa and non-fa/fa rats. J Nutr 1983; 113(4): 820-34.
  • Oboh HA, Omofoma CO, Olumese FE, Eiya B. Effects of High Carbohydrate Low Fat Nigerian-Like Diet on Biochemical Indices in Rabbits. Pakistan J Nutr 2007; 6(4): 399-403.
  • Lomba A, Milagro FI, Garcia-Diaz DF, Campion J, Marzo F, Martinez JA. A high-sucrose isocaloric pair-fed model induces obesity and impairs NDUFB6 gene function in rat adipose tissue. J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics 2009; 2(6): 267-72.
  • Haubert NJ, Padovan GJ, Zucoloto S, Vannucchi H, Marchini JS. Experimental induction of steatosis in dif- ferent tissues after the ingestion of a carbohydrate-rich diet: effect on the liver, on the heart and on indicators of oxidation. Arg Gastroenterol 2010; 47(4): 388-92.
  • Waddell M, Fallon HJ. The effect of high-carbohydrate di- ets on liver triglyceride formation in the rat. J Clin Invest 1973; 52: 2725-31.
  • Nseir W, Nassar F, Assy N. Soft drinks consumption and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16(21): 2579-88.
  • Tapply L, Schneiter Ph, Bortolotti M, Le KA. Hepatic li- potoxicity: modulation by nutrients. 18th European Congress on Obesity Proceedings Book, pp:10. 18th European Congress on Obesity, Istanbul, Turkey, 25-28 May 2011.
  • Crescenzo R, Bianco F, Falcone I, at al. Dietary fructose- induced obesity and insulin resistance: is there a role for altered hepatic mitochondrial energetics. 18th European Congress on Obesity Proceedings Book, pp:149. 18th European Congress on Obesity, Istanbul, Turkey, 25-28 May 2011.
  • Fuente-Martin E, Garcia-Caceres C, Diaz F, at al. Interaction between neonatal over-nutrition and a subse- quent sucrose-enriched diet on adipose tissue acquisition. 18th European Congress on Obesity Proceedings Book, pp:47. 18th European Congress on Obesity, Istanbul, Turkey, 25-28 May 2011.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Kayıhan Karaçor This is me

Meryem Çam This is me

Nuri Orhan This is me

Erdal Coşgun This is me

Hilmi Demirin This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Karaçor, K., Çam, M., Orhan, N., Coşgun, E., et al. (2014). High Fatty Diet Effects on Rat Liver. European Journal of General Medicine, 11(2), 99-108. https://doi.org/10.15197/sabad.1.11.47
AMA Karaçor K, Çam M, Orhan N, Coşgun E, Demirin H. High Fatty Diet Effects on Rat Liver. European Journal of General Medicine. June 2014;11(2):99-108. doi:10.15197/sabad.1.11.47
Chicago Karaçor, Kayıhan, Meryem Çam, Nuri Orhan, Erdal Coşgun, and Hilmi Demirin. “High Fatty Diet Effects on Rat Liver”. European Journal of General Medicine 11, no. 2 (June 2014): 99-108. https://doi.org/10.15197/sabad.1.11.47.
EndNote Karaçor K, Çam M, Orhan N, Coşgun E, Demirin H (June 1, 2014) High Fatty Diet Effects on Rat Liver. European Journal of General Medicine 11 2 99–108.
IEEE K. Karaçor, M. Çam, N. Orhan, E. Coşgun, and H. Demirin, “High Fatty Diet Effects on Rat Liver”, European Journal of General Medicine, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 99–108, 2014, doi: 10.15197/sabad.1.11.47.
ISNAD Karaçor, Kayıhan et al. “High Fatty Diet Effects on Rat Liver”. European Journal of General Medicine 11/2 (June 2014), 99-108. https://doi.org/10.15197/sabad.1.11.47.
JAMA Karaçor K, Çam M, Orhan N, Coşgun E, Demirin H. High Fatty Diet Effects on Rat Liver. European Journal of General Medicine. 2014;11:99–108.
MLA Karaçor, Kayıhan et al. “High Fatty Diet Effects on Rat Liver”. European Journal of General Medicine, vol. 11, no. 2, 2014, pp. 99-108, doi:10.15197/sabad.1.11.47.
Vancouver Karaçor K, Çam M, Orhan N, Coşgun E, Demirin H. High Fatty Diet Effects on Rat Liver. European Journal of General Medicine. 2014;11(2):99-108.