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A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS WITH MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS

Year 2007, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, - 2, 01.06.2007

Abstract

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References

  • Datta M, Swaminathan S. Global aspects of tuberculosis in children. Paediatr Resp Rev 2001;2:91-96
  • Van Dyck P, Vanhoenacker FM, Van den Brande P, De Schepper AM. Imaging of pulmonary tuberculosis. Eur Radiol 2003;13:1771–85
  • Fitzgerald JM, Grzyrowski S, Allen EA. The impact of immunodeficiency virus infection on tuberculosis and its control. Chest 1991;100:191-200
  • Maartens G, Willcox PA, Benatar SR. Miliary tuberculosis: Rapid diagnosis, hematologic abnormalities, and outcome in 109 treated adults. Am J Med 1990; 89: 291-6
  • Mert A, Bilir M, Tabak F, et al. Miliary tuberculosis : Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and outcome in 38 adults. Respirology 2001;6:217-24
  • Sharma SK, Mohan A, Pande JN, Prasad KL, Gupta AK, Khilnani GC. Clinical profile, laboratory characteristics and outcome in miliary tuberculosis. QJM 1995;88:29-37
  • Hussey G, Chisholm T, Kibel M. Miliary tuberculosis in children: a review of 94 cases. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991;10:832- 6
  • Gurkan F, Bosnak M, Dikici B, et al. Miliary tuberculosis in children: A clinical review. Scand J Infect Dis 1998; 30:359-62
  • Dunlap NE, Bass J, Fujiwara P, et al. Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis in adults and children. Am J Respir Crit Care 2000;161:1376-95
  • Rieder HL, Snider DE Jr, Cauthen GM. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:347-51
  • Kwong JS, Carignan S, Kang EY, Muller NL, FitzGerald JM. Miliary tuberculosis. Diagnostic accuracy of chest radiography. Chest 1996;110;339-42
  • Sharma SK, Mukhopadhyay S, Khilnani GC, Pande JN, Verma K, Berry M. Computed tomography (CT) in miliary tuberculosis (MTB): A correlation with plain film, pulmonary function, gas exchange and BAL findings. Abstract. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:A89
  • Optican RJ, Ost A, Ravin CE. High- resolution computed tomography in the diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis. Chest 1992;102:941-3
  • Al-Jahdali H, Al-Zahrani K, Amene P, et al. Clinical aspects of miliary tuberculosis in Saudi adults. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2000;4(3):252-5
  • Poey C, Verhaegen F, Giron J, Lavayssiere J, Fajadet P, Duparc B. High resolution chest CT in tuberculosis: evolutive patterns and signs of activity. J Computed Assit Tomogr 1997;21:601–7
  • Gelb AF, Leffler C, Brewin A, Mascatello V, Lyons HA. Miliary tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973;108:1327-33
  • Munt PW. Miliary tuberculosis in the chemotherapy era: with a clinical review in 69 American adults. Medicine (Baltimore) 1971;51:139-55
  • Kalita J, Misra UK. Tuberculous meningitis with pulmonary miliary tuberculosis: A clinicoradiological study. Neurol India 2004;52:194-6
  • Berktas MB, Akalin D, Özdilekcan C, et al. Clinical, treatment and prognostic characteristics in 35 adult patients with miliary tuberculosis. Respir Dis 2002;13: 277-81
  • Cucin RL, Coleman M, Eckardt JJ, Silver RT. The diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis: utility of peripheral blood abnormalities, bone marrow and liver needle biopsy. J Chronic Dis 1973;26:355-61
  • Kim JH, Langston AA, Gallis HA. Miliary tuberculosis: manifestations, diagnosis, and outcome. Rev Infect Dis 1990;12:583-90 clinical
  • Vorherr H, Massry SG, Fallet R, Kaplan L, Kleeman CR. Antidiuretic principle in tuberculous lung tissue of a patient with hyponatremia. Ann Intern Med 1970;72: 383-7 tuberculosis and
  • Prout S, Benatar SR. Disseminated tuberculosis. A study of 62 cases. S Afr Med J 1980;58:835-42
  • Slavin RE, Walsh TJ, Pollack AD. Late generalised tuberculosis: A clinical pathologic analysis and comparison of 100 cases in the preantibiotic and antibiotic eras. Medicine 1980;59:352- 66
  • Grieco MH, Chmel H. Acute disseminated tuberculosis as a diagnostic problem: a clinical study based on twenty-eight cases. Am Rev Respir Dis 1974;109:554- 60

A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS WITH MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS

Year 2007, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, - 2, 01.06.2007

Abstract

Aim: Miliary tuberculosis (MTB) is a serious and rare form of tuberculosis. Studies comparatively reviewed children and adults with MTB are lacking. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 56 pediatric and 26 adult MTB patients at a university hospital, between 1990 and 2003 Results: The median age at presentation was 3.5 years for children and 38 years for adults. Thirtyeight of all patients of whom 86.8% were children had family history of tuberculosis Presenting symptoms and signs of adult and pediatric patients were loss of weight (51.8% vs. 61.5%), anorexia (76.9% vs. 57.8%), dyspnea (12.5% vs. 57.8%), diarrhea/vomiting (35.0% vs. 27.0%), fever (53.8% vs. 17.9%), hepatomegaly (30.8% vs. 51.8%), pulmonary crepitations (42.3% vs. 42.9) and cough (46.2% vs. 35.7%), respectively. The presenting symptoms/signs and laboratory abnormalities were generally more frequent in adults. Detected laboratory abnormalities were leukocytosis (73.2%), increased sedimentation rate (73.2%), anemia (52.4%), hypoalbuminemia (47.6%), elevated liver transaminases (36.6%), elevated lactate dehydrogenase (50.0%) and hyponatremia (25.6%) in whole study group. The diagnosis was proven microbiologically in 15 (18.3%) patients. Among 56 pediatric cases, there were 8 (14.3%) children with positive BCG scar and only 16 (28.6%) children with positive reaction to 5TU tuberculin test. Radiological findings of all patients, either on chest X-ray or high resolution computerized tomography, were characteristic for MTB. One fourth of patients had accompanying tuberculous meningitis. Predisposing factors for TB were found in 13 patients (15.9%). No patients had HIV infection. Overall 6 (7.3%) patients had died. Conclusion: High rate of history of family contact and low rate of BCG vaccination in our patients with MTB were significant public health problems. Identifying different features in children and adults may contribute to early diagnosis of MTB, which is highly relevant to its outcome

References

  • Datta M, Swaminathan S. Global aspects of tuberculosis in children. Paediatr Resp Rev 2001;2:91-96
  • Van Dyck P, Vanhoenacker FM, Van den Brande P, De Schepper AM. Imaging of pulmonary tuberculosis. Eur Radiol 2003;13:1771–85
  • Fitzgerald JM, Grzyrowski S, Allen EA. The impact of immunodeficiency virus infection on tuberculosis and its control. Chest 1991;100:191-200
  • Maartens G, Willcox PA, Benatar SR. Miliary tuberculosis: Rapid diagnosis, hematologic abnormalities, and outcome in 109 treated adults. Am J Med 1990; 89: 291-6
  • Mert A, Bilir M, Tabak F, et al. Miliary tuberculosis : Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and outcome in 38 adults. Respirology 2001;6:217-24
  • Sharma SK, Mohan A, Pande JN, Prasad KL, Gupta AK, Khilnani GC. Clinical profile, laboratory characteristics and outcome in miliary tuberculosis. QJM 1995;88:29-37
  • Hussey G, Chisholm T, Kibel M. Miliary tuberculosis in children: a review of 94 cases. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1991;10:832- 6
  • Gurkan F, Bosnak M, Dikici B, et al. Miliary tuberculosis in children: A clinical review. Scand J Infect Dis 1998; 30:359-62
  • Dunlap NE, Bass J, Fujiwara P, et al. Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis in adults and children. Am J Respir Crit Care 2000;161:1376-95
  • Rieder HL, Snider DE Jr, Cauthen GM. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:347-51
  • Kwong JS, Carignan S, Kang EY, Muller NL, FitzGerald JM. Miliary tuberculosis. Diagnostic accuracy of chest radiography. Chest 1996;110;339-42
  • Sharma SK, Mukhopadhyay S, Khilnani GC, Pande JN, Verma K, Berry M. Computed tomography (CT) in miliary tuberculosis (MTB): A correlation with plain film, pulmonary function, gas exchange and BAL findings. Abstract. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:A89
  • Optican RJ, Ost A, Ravin CE. High- resolution computed tomography in the diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis. Chest 1992;102:941-3
  • Al-Jahdali H, Al-Zahrani K, Amene P, et al. Clinical aspects of miliary tuberculosis in Saudi adults. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2000;4(3):252-5
  • Poey C, Verhaegen F, Giron J, Lavayssiere J, Fajadet P, Duparc B. High resolution chest CT in tuberculosis: evolutive patterns and signs of activity. J Computed Assit Tomogr 1997;21:601–7
  • Gelb AF, Leffler C, Brewin A, Mascatello V, Lyons HA. Miliary tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973;108:1327-33
  • Munt PW. Miliary tuberculosis in the chemotherapy era: with a clinical review in 69 American adults. Medicine (Baltimore) 1971;51:139-55
  • Kalita J, Misra UK. Tuberculous meningitis with pulmonary miliary tuberculosis: A clinicoradiological study. Neurol India 2004;52:194-6
  • Berktas MB, Akalin D, Özdilekcan C, et al. Clinical, treatment and prognostic characteristics in 35 adult patients with miliary tuberculosis. Respir Dis 2002;13: 277-81
  • Cucin RL, Coleman M, Eckardt JJ, Silver RT. The diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis: utility of peripheral blood abnormalities, bone marrow and liver needle biopsy. J Chronic Dis 1973;26:355-61
  • Kim JH, Langston AA, Gallis HA. Miliary tuberculosis: manifestations, diagnosis, and outcome. Rev Infect Dis 1990;12:583-90 clinical
  • Vorherr H, Massry SG, Fallet R, Kaplan L, Kleeman CR. Antidiuretic principle in tuberculous lung tissue of a patient with hyponatremia. Ann Intern Med 1970;72: 383-7 tuberculosis and
  • Prout S, Benatar SR. Disseminated tuberculosis. A study of 62 cases. S Afr Med J 1980;58:835-42
  • Slavin RE, Walsh TJ, Pollack AD. Late generalised tuberculosis: A clinical pathologic analysis and comparison of 100 cases in the preantibiotic and antibiotic eras. Medicine 1980;59:352- 66
  • Grieco MH, Chmel H. Acute disseminated tuberculosis as a diagnostic problem: a clinical study based on twenty-eight cases. Am Rev Respir Dis 1974;109:554- 60
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Çetin Tanrıkulu This is me

Fuat Gürkan This is me

Canan Eren Dağlı This is me

Ayfer Gözü This is me

Ali Süner This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2007
Published in Issue Year 2007 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tanrıkulu, Ç., Gürkan, F., Dağlı, C. E., Gözü, A., et al. (2007). A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS WITH MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS. European Journal of General Medicine, 4(2), 2.
AMA Tanrıkulu Ç, Gürkan F, Dağlı CE, Gözü A, Süner A. A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS WITH MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS. European Journal of General Medicine. June 2007;4(2):2.
Chicago Tanrıkulu, Çetin, Fuat Gürkan, Canan Eren Dağlı, Ayfer Gözü, and Ali Süner. “A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS WITH MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS”. European Journal of General Medicine 4, no. 2 (June 2007): 2.
EndNote Tanrıkulu Ç, Gürkan F, Dağlı CE, Gözü A, Süner A (June 1, 2007) A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS WITH MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS. European Journal of General Medicine 4 2 2.
IEEE Ç. Tanrıkulu, F. Gürkan, C. E. Dağlı, A. Gözü, and A. Süner, “A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS WITH MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS”, European Journal of General Medicine, vol. 4, no. 2, p. 2, 2007.
ISNAD Tanrıkulu, Çetin et al. “A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS WITH MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS”. European Journal of General Medicine 4/2 (June 2007), 2.
JAMA Tanrıkulu Ç, Gürkan F, Dağlı CE, Gözü A, Süner A. A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS WITH MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS. European Journal of General Medicine. 2007;4:2.
MLA Tanrıkulu, Çetin et al. “A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS WITH MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS”. European Journal of General Medicine, vol. 4, no. 2, 2007, p. 2.
Vancouver Tanrıkulu Ç, Gürkan F, Dağlı CE, Gözü A, Süner A. A COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PEDIATRIC AND ADULT PATIENTS WITH MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS. European Journal of General Medicine. 2007;4(2):2.