Determination of cytotoxic, antioxidant activities and LC/MS-MS profiles of three endemic Verbascum L. species

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 3, 97 - 103, 29.12.2023

Sevim Küçük , Merve Has , Fatih Göger , Filiz Özdemir , Zerrin İncesu

https://doi.org/10.55971/EJLS.1364354

Abstract

The Verbascum genus includes many species used in folk medicine or the treatment of various diseases. In this study, the cytotoxic, antioxidant activity, and LC/MS-MS profiles of three Verbascum species, which are endemic in Eskişehir and its surroundings, were investigated.
The cytotoxic effects of methanol extract of V.detersile, V. eskisehirensis, and V.gypsicola species on the cervical (HeLa) and ovarian cancer (SKOV-3) cells were investigated using a colorimetric assay. The results indicated that cytotoxic effect was not observed after treatment of SKOV-3 cells with Verbascum. On the other hand, the cytotoxic activity of V. detersile was found to be 0.1910 mg/dL and 1.057 mg/dL for HeLa cells after 24 or 48 hours incubation with V.detersile, respectively.
The antioxidant activity was determined as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging activity, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC assay), and also the total phenolic content of the samples was found. Total phenols were estimated as Gallic acid equivalents (GAE), expressed as mg Gallic acid/in 1g extract previously described by Singletton. LC/MS profiles separation and detection of phytochemicals of the extract were performed on a Shimadzu UPLC system consisting of a vacuum degasser, an autosampler (SIL20A Shimadzu Autosampler), a binary pump (LC20AD Shimadzu), an oven (CTO20A Shimadzu Column Oven) and DAD dedector (SPD M20A Shimadzu DAD Detector). In terms of antioxidant activity, V. gypsicola was found to have the least antioxidant activity among the three extracts, which is also correlated with the total amount of phenolic content in its content. In this way, it differs from other species. V. detersile exhibits a different chemical profile from the other two species with the iridoid catalpol derivatives it contains. Apigenin pentoside is the only flavonoid molecule detected in V. detersille.

Keywords

Antioxidant, LC/MS-MS, cytotoxicity, Scrophulariaceae, Verbascum

References

• Mabberley DJ. Mabberley’s plant-book (3th ed.). Cambridge University Press (2008); Cambridge: XVIII, 1021.
• Duman H, Uzunhisarcıklı ME, Özbek F. A new species of Verbascum (Scrophulariacae) from western Turkey. Botany Letters (2020); 167 (4): 409-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2020.1796782
• Kargıoğlu M, Cenkci S, Serteser A, Evliyaoğlu N, Konuk M et al. An ethnobotanical survey of Inner-West Anatolia, Turkey. Human Ecology (2008); 36:763-777. doi: 10.1007/s10745-008-9198-x. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-008-9198-x
• Cakilcioglu U, Turkoglu I. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Sivrice (Elazığ-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2010); 132: 165-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.017
• Tuzlacı E, Alparslan İsbilen DF, Bulut G. Turkish folk medicinal plants, VIII: Lalapaşa (Edirne). Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal (2010); 14: 47-52. https://doi.org/10.12991/201014463
• Sargın SA, Akçiçek E, Selvi S. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the local people of Alaşehir (Manisa) in Turkey. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2013); 150: 860-874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.040
• Mükemre M, Behçet L, Çakılcıoğlu U. Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants in villages of Çatak (Van-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2015); 166: 361-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.040
• Ghorbani A. Studies on pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the region of Turkmen Sahra, north of Iran (Part 1): General results. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2005);102: 58-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.035
• Amiri MS, Joharchi MR. Ethnobotanical investigation of traditional medicinal plants commercialized in the markets of Mashhad, Iran. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine (2013); 3: 254-271.
• Mosaddegh M, Naghibi F, Moazzeni H, Pirani A, Esmaeili S. Ethnobotanical survey of herbal remedies traditionally used in Kohghiluyeh va Boyer Ahmad province of Iran. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2012); 141: 80-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.004
• Rajaei P, Mohamadi N. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of Hezar Mountain allocated in South East of Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (2012); 11 (4): 1153-1167.
• European Medicines Agency (EMA) (2018). Verbasci flos [online]. Website (https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/herbal/verbasci-flos) (accessed 17 March (2021).
• Escobar FM, Sabini MC, Zanon SM, Tonn CE, Sabini LI. Antiviral effect and mode of action of methanolic extract of Verbascum thapsus L. on pseudorabies virus (strain RC/79). Natural Product Research (2012); 26:17, 1621-1625. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2011.576394
• Senatore F, Rigano D, Formisano C, Grassia A, Basile A et al. Phytogrowth-inhibitory and antibacterial activity of Verbascum sinuatum. Fitoterapia (2007); 78: 244-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2006.11.010
• Georgiev M, Alipieva K, Orhan I, Abrashev R, Denev P et al. Antioxidant and cholinesterases inhibitory activities of Verbascum xanthophoeniceum Griseb. and its phenylethanoid glycosides. Food Chemistry (2011); 128: 100-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.083
• Süntar I, Tatlı II, Akkol EK, Keleş H, Kahraman Ç, et al. An ethnopharmacological study on Verbascum species: From conventional wound healing use to scientific verification. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2010); 132 408-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.004
• Küçük S, Özdemir F, İşcan G, Seller Z. Determination of cytotoxic and anticandidal activities of three Verbascum L. species from Turkey: V. cheiranthifolium Boiss. var. asperulum (Boiss.) Murb. Monorg., V. pycnostachyum Boiss. & Heldr and V. orgyale Boiss. & Heldr.. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2016); 13(3): 318-322. https://doi.org/10.4274/tjps.2016.06
• Young IS, Woodside JV. Antioxidants in health and disease. Journal of Clinical Pathology (2001); 54:176-186. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.54.3.176
• Miser-Salihoglu E, Akaydin G, Caliskan-Can E, Yardim-Akaydin S. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of various herbal folk medicines. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences (2013); 3: 222. doi: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000222. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000222
• Saltan FZ, Sökmen M, Akın M, Saraçoğlu HT, Göktürk RS et al. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of a phenolic compound extracted from New Verbascum species growing in Turkey. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan (2011); 33: 5, 764-771.
• Aydin Ç, Rakhimzhanova A, Kilinçarslan Ö, Mammadov R. Antioxidant and phenolic characterization with HPLC of various extract of Verbascum glomeratum Linneus. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan (2020); 42(2): 222-227. https://doi.org/10.52568/000639/JCSP/42.02.2020
• Karalija E, Paric A, Dahija S, Besta-Gajevic R, Zeljkovic SC. Phenolic compounds and bioactive properties of Verbascum glabratum subsp. bosnense (K. Maly) Murb., an endemic plant species. Natural Product Research (2020); 34:16, 2407-2411. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1538221
• Karavelioğulları FA, Verbascum L. In: Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT. (editors). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler) Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul (2012); 850.
• Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of Immunological Methods (1983); 16: 65(1-2):55-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4
• Kumarasamy Y, Byres M, Cox PJ, Jaspars M, Nahar L, et al. Screening seeds of some Scottish plants for free radical scavenging activity. Phytotherapy Research (2007); 21(7): 615-621. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2129
• Öztürk G, Ağalar HG, Yıldız G, Göger F, Kırımer N. Biological activities and luteolin derivatives of Verbascum eskisehirensis Karavel., Ocak & Ekici. Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences (2019); 23(3): 532-542. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrp.2019.160
• Singleton VL, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, in Methods in enzymology (1999); 299:152-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(99)99017-1
• Luca SV, Miron AC, Aprotosoaie CT, Mihai G, Vochita D et al. HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS profiling of Verbascum ovalifolium Donn ex Sims and evaluation of its antioxidant and cytogenotoxic activities. Phytochemical Analysis (2019); 30 (1): 34-45. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.2788
• Amini S, Hassani A, Alirezalu A, Maleki R. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity in flowers of nine endemic Verbascum species from Iran. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture (2021); 102(8): 3250-3258. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.11667
• Dalar A, Bengü AŞ, Allahverdiyev O. Analysis of Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Verbascum cheiranthifolium var. cheiranthifolium stem and flowers. International Journal of Secondary Metabolite (2018); 5 (3) 233 - 242. https://doi.org/10.21448/ijsm.401127