Experimental hypothyroidism increases oxidative stress and apoptosis in ovary of rats
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate Hypothyroidism's effects in experimental hypothyroidism-induced female rats. Materials and Methods: To induce Hypothyroidism in rats, 0.05% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) was given orally to the Hypothyroid (HT) and L-thyroxine (LT) groups with their drinking water for eight weeks. In the LT group, 0.8 µg/100 g L-thyroxine was provided by subcutaneous for ten days of the experiment. Results: In the histopathological evaluation, Hypothyroidism induced severe dilation in vessels atretic and irregular follicles and damaged the germinal epithelium. These pathologies were decreased in the LT group. In the biochemical analysis, SOD activity, GSH activity, and MDA level were lower in the HT group than Control and LT groups. In the relative protein analysis, Caspase-3, mTOR, P2X7R, NfkB, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were lower in the Control and LT groups, but the relative protein expression of Caspase-3, mTOR, P2X7R, NfkB, IL-1β, and TNF-α was found as higher in the HT group. The protein expression of Bcl-2 level was higher in the Control and LT groups. Conclusion: The results showed that Hypothyroidism causes ovary tissue injuries —the histopathological and biochemical changes induced by Hypothyroidism in the experimental rat model were ameliorated with L-thyroxine treatment.
Keywords
References
- 1. Pearce EN. Thyroid dysfunction in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Menopause international 2007;13:8-13.
- 2. Vanderpas J. Nutritional epidemiology and thyroid hormone metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr 2006;26:293-322.
- 3. Ozkanlar S, Kara H, Gür C, Gedikli S, Kara A, Ozudogru Z, et al. Effects of photoperiod on thyroid gland development and function in growing chicks: a biochemical and morphometric study. Animal Production Science 2021;61:1652-8.
- 4. Vissenberg R, Manders V, Mastenbroek S, Fliers E, Afink G, Ris-Stalpers C, et al. Pathophysiological aspects of thyroid hormone disorders/thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies and reproduction. Human reproduction update 2015;21:378-87.
- 5. Abalovich M, Mitelberg L, Allami C, Gutierrez S, Alcaraz G, Otero P, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid autoimmunity in women with infertility. Gynecological Endocrinology 2007;23:279-83.
- 6. Joshi J, Bhandarkar S, Chadha M, Balaiah D, Shah R. Menstrual irregularities and lactation failure may precede thyroid dysfunction or goitre. Journal of postgraduate medicine 1993;39:137.
- 7. Krassas G, Pontikides N, Kaltsas T, Papadopoulou P, Paunkovic J, Paunkovic N, et al. Disturbances of menstruation in hypothyroidism. Clinical endocrinology 1999;50:655-9.
- 8. DORRINGTON J, CHUMA AV, BENDELL JJ. Transforming growth factor β and follicle-stimulating hormone promote rat granulosa cell proliferation. Endocrinology 1988;123:353-9.
- 9. Teerds KJ, Dorrington JH. Immunohistochemical localization of transforming growth factor-β1 and-β2 during follicular development in the adult rat ovary. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 1992;84:R7-R13.
- 10. Danilovich N, Wernsing D, Coschigano K, Kopchick J, Bartke A. Deficits in female reproductive function in GH-R-KO mice; role of IGF-I. Endocrinology 1999;140:2637-40.