Comparison of Iflavirus Diversity in Agricultural and Forest Pest Lepidoptera

Year 2022, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 1 - 5, 01.11.2022

Gözde Büşra Eroğlu

https://doi.org/10.54672/ejmbs.2022.7

Abstract

Iflaviridae is a novel and important family of viruses in the Picornavirales order that infects invertebrates. Iflaviruses are nonenveloped,
linear, positive single-stranded RNA viruses. The importance of iflaviruses in agriculture and forestry is twofold
because these viruses, both cause economic loss by making insects such as honey bees and silkworms ill and prevent economic
loss by making agricultural and forest pest insects ill. Therefore, iflaviruses contain highly interesting isolates that infect both
beneficial and harmful insects in agriculture. Its genome structure, like most RNA viruses, has a very small genome size (8.8-
10 kb), with a single open reading frame in the entire genome. The genomes of 14 infective iflaviruses that infect agricultural
and forest pest insects from different countries have been analyzed so far. In this study, the similar relationship between these
14 viruses, whose complete genomes are available, was analyzed according to the complete sequence of the polyprotein. The
results showed that the virus isolates obtained from forest pest insects were closely related to each other. Similarly, it was
revealed that the iflaviruses obtained from insects that damage agricultural products are more similar to each other. In addition,
the results from this study support previous studies on adding a new genus to the Iflaviridae family, which has only one genus.

Keywords

Iflaviruses, pest insects, phylogeny, Kimura-2 parameter

References

• 1. Valles, S. M., Chen, Y., Firth, A. E., Guerin, D. M. A., Hashimato, Y., Herrero, S., de Miranda, J. R. & Ryabov, E. (2017) ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profle: Iflaviridae. Journal of General Virology 98, 527–528.
• 2. Van Oers, M. M. (2010) Genomics and biology of iflaviruses. pp. 231–250 in Asgari, S. & Johnson, K. (Eds) Insect Virology. Norfolk Academic Press.
• 3. Chen, Y. P., Nakashima, N., Christian, P. D., Bakonyi, T., Bonning, B. C., Valles, S. M. & Lightner, D. (2012) Family Iflaviridae. pp. 846–849 in King, A. M. Q., Adams, M. J., Carstens, E. B. & Lefkowitz, E. J. (Eds) Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Elsevier Academic Press.
• 4. Aizawa, K., Furuta, Y., Kutata, K. & Sato, F. (1964) On the etiologic agent of the infectious flacherie of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Linnaeus). Bulletin of the Sericultural Experiment Station 19, 223–240.
• 5. Tentcheva, D., Gauthier, L., Zappulla, N., Dainat, B., Cousserans, F., Colin, M. E. & Bergoin, M. (2004). Prevalence and seasonal variations of six bee viruses in Apis mellifera L. and Varroa destructor mite populations in France. Appl Environ Microbiol 70, 7185-91.
• 6. Ye, S., Xia, H., Dong, C., Cheng, Z., Xia, X. L., Zhang, J. M., Zhou, X., Hu, Y. Y. (2012) Identification and characterization of Iflavirus 3C-like protease processing activities. Virology 428, 136–145.
• 7. Norton, A. M., Remnant, E. J., Buchmann, G. & Beekman, M. (2020) Accumulation and competition amongst deformed wing virus genotypes in native Australian honeybees provides insight into the increasing global prevalence of genotype B. Front Microbiol. 11, 620.
• 8. Bailey, L. (1965) Paralysis of the honey bee, Apis mellifera linnaeus. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 7, 132-40.
• 9. Bailey, L. & Ball, B. V. (1991) Honey Bee Pathology. Elsevier Amsterdam.
• 10. Lanzi, G., De Miranda, J. R., Boniotti, M. B., Cameron, C. E., Lavazza, A., Capucci, L., Camazine, S. M. & Rossi, C. (2006) Molecular and biological characterization of Deformed wing virus of honeybees (Apis melliferaL.). Journal of Virology 80, 4998–5009.
• 11. Dheilly, N. M., Maure, F., Ravallec, M., Galinier, R., Doyon, J., Duval, D., Leger, L., Volkoff A. N., Misse, D., Nidelet, S., Demolombe, V., Brodeur, J., Gourbal, B., Thomas, F. & Mitta G. (2015) Who is the puppet master? Replication of a parasitic wasp-associated virus correlates with host behaviour manipulation, Proceedings of the Royal Society B 282, 20142773.
• 12. Ryabov, E. V., Childers, A. K., Lopez, D., Grubbs, K., Posada-Florez, F., Weaver, D., Girten, W., van Engelsdorp, D., Chen, Y. & Evans, J. D. (2019) Dynamic evolution in the key honey bee pathogen deformed wing virus: novel insights into virulence and competition using reverse genetics. PloS Biology 17, e3000502.
• 13. Yuan, H., Xu, P., Yang, X., Graham, R. I., Wilson, K. & Wu, K. (2017) Characterization of a novel member of genus Iflavirus in Helicoverpa armigera. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 144, 65–73.
• 14. Dent, D. (1991). Insect Pest Management. 604 pp. CAB International Walling-ford UK.
• 15. Rechcigl, J. E. & Rechcigl, N. A. (2000) Insect Pest Management: Techniques for Environmental Protection. 392 pp Lewis Publishers Boca Raton.
• 16. Jakubowska, A. K., D’Angiolo, M., Gonzalez-Martinez, R. M., Millan-Leiva, A., Carballo, A., Murillo, R., Caballero, P. & Herrero, S. (2014) Simultaneous occurrence of covert infections with small RNA viruses in the lepidopteran Spodoptera exigua. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 121, 56–63.
• 17. De Miranda, J. R. & Genersch, E. (2010). Deformed wing virus. J Invertebr Pathol 103, 48–61.
• 18. Choi, J. Y., Kim, Y. S., Wang, Y., Shin, S. W., Kim, I., Tao, X. Y., Liu, Q., Roh, J. Y., Kim, J. S. & Je, Y. H. (2012) Complete genome sequence of a novel picorna-like virus isolated from Spodoptera exigua. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 15, 259–263.
• 19. Millan-Leiva, A., Jakubowska, A. K., Ferré, J. & Herrero, S. (2012) Genome sequence of SeIV1, a novel virus from the Iflaviridae family infective to Spodoptera exigua. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 109, 127–133.
• 20. Carrillo-Tripp, J., Krueger, E., Harrison, R., Toth, A., Miller, A. & Bonning, B. (2014) Lymantria dispar iflavirus 1 (LdIV1), a new model to study iflaviral persistence in Lepidopterans. Journal of General Virology 95,2285–2296.
• 21. Smith, G., Macias-Muñoz, A., & Briscoe, A. D. (2014) Genome sequence of a novel iflavirus from mRNA sequencing of the butterfly Heliconius erato Genome Announc 2, e00398-14.
• 22. Geng, P. Li, W., Lin, L., de Miranda, J. R., Emrich, S., An, L. & Terenius, O. (2014) Genetic characterization of a novel iflavirus associated with vomiting disease in the Chinese Oak Silkmoth Antheraea pernyi. PLoS ONE 9, e92107.
• 23. Silva, L. A., Ardisson-Araujo, D. M. P., Tinoco, R. S., Fernandes, O. A., Melo F. L., Ribeiro B. M. (2015) Complete genome sequence and structural characterization of a novel iflavirus isolated from Opsiphanes invirae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 130, 136–140.
• 24. Pavlushin, S. V., Ilinsky, Y. Y., Belousova, I. A., Bayborodin, S. B., Lunev, E. A., Kechin, A. A., Khrapov, E. A., Filipenko, M. L., Toshchakov, S. V. & Martemyanov, V. V. (2021). Appearances are deceptive: Three RNA viruses co-infected with the nucleopolyhedrovirus in host Lymantria dispar. Virus Research. 297, 198371.
• 25. Carstens, E. B. & Ball, L. A. (2009) Ratification vote on taxonomicproposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy ofViruses. Archives of Virology 154, 1181–1188.