Research Article

Comparative Evaluation of ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro in Answering Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Questions from Dentistry Specialization Exams: A Cross-Sectional Study

Volume: 4 Number: 3 September 23, 2025
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Comparative Evaluation of ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro in Answering Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Questions from Dentistry Specialization Exams: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT-5 (OpenAI) and Gemini 2.5 Pro (Google DeepMind), are increasingly being applied in medicine and dentistry. However, their reliability in high-stakes specialty examinations remains unclear. This study compared the performance of ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro in answering oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) questions from the Dentistry Specialization Exam (DSE) in Türkiye. Methods: A total of 128 OMFS questions from 13 DSEs (2012–2021) were presented to both models in Turkish under identical conditions. Responses were compared with official answer keys. Correct and incorrect answers were tabulated, and statistical analyses were conducted using Fisher’s Exact Test with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: ChatGPT-5 achieved 119 correct (93.0%) and 9 incorrect answers, while Gemini 2.5 Pro achieved 124 correct (96.9%) and 4 incorrect. Although Gemini showed slightly higher accuracy, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Both models achieved 100% accuracy within several years; however, performance variability was observed, particularly in 2018 and 2019. Both models incorrectly answered four questions, while Gemini correctly answered five items that ChatGPT-5 missed. Conclusion: Both ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro demonstrated high accuracy in OMFS questions from DSE, marking a substantial improvement compared to earlier LLMs. While Gemini showed slightly better performance, differences were not significant. These findings suggest that current LLMs may serve as supplementary tools for postgraduate exam preparation in dentistry, though limitations in nuanced clinical reasoning and exam-specific logic persist.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Surgery (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

September 23, 2025

Publication Date

September 23, 2025

Submission Date

September 1, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 10, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 4 Number: 3

APA
Yüceer Çetiner, E. (2025). Comparative Evaluation of ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro in Answering Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Questions from Dentistry Specialization Exams: A Cross-Sectional Study. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 4(3), 59-65. https://izlik.org/JA46XA28LB
AMA
1.Yüceer Çetiner E. Comparative Evaluation of ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro in Answering Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Questions from Dentistry Specialization Exams: A Cross-Sectional Study. EJOMS. 2025;4(3):59-65. https://izlik.org/JA46XA28LB
Chicago
Yüceer Çetiner, Ezgi. 2025. “Comparative Evaluation of ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro in Answering Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Questions from Dentistry Specialization Exams: A Cross-Sectional Study”. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 4 (3): 59-65. https://izlik.org/JA46XA28LB.
EndNote
Yüceer Çetiner E (September 1, 2025) Comparative Evaluation of ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro in Answering Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Questions from Dentistry Specialization Exams: A Cross-Sectional Study. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 4 3 59–65.
IEEE
[1]E. Yüceer Çetiner, “Comparative Evaluation of ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro in Answering Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Questions from Dentistry Specialization Exams: A Cross-Sectional Study”, EJOMS, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 59–65, Sept. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA46XA28LB
ISNAD
Yüceer Çetiner, Ezgi. “Comparative Evaluation of ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro in Answering Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Questions from Dentistry Specialization Exams: A Cross-Sectional Study”. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 4/3 (September 1, 2025): 59-65. https://izlik.org/JA46XA28LB.
JAMA
1.Yüceer Çetiner E. Comparative Evaluation of ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro in Answering Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Questions from Dentistry Specialization Exams: A Cross-Sectional Study. EJOMS. 2025;4:59–65.
MLA
Yüceer Çetiner, Ezgi. “Comparative Evaluation of ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro in Answering Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Questions from Dentistry Specialization Exams: A Cross-Sectional Study”. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 4, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 59-65, https://izlik.org/JA46XA28LB.
Vancouver
1.Ezgi Yüceer Çetiner. Comparative Evaluation of ChatGPT-5 and Gemini 2.5 Pro in Answering Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Questions from Dentistry Specialization Exams: A Cross-Sectional Study. EJOMS [Internet]. 2025 Sep. 1;4(3):59-65. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA46XA28LB

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