Research Article

Morphological Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint in Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Volume: 4 Number: 4 December 22, 2025
TR EN

Morphological Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint in Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Abstract

Abstract Objective: Unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) is a rare developmental disorder that results in excessive and asymmetric growth of the mandibular condyle, leading to facial asymmetry, malocclusion, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. This study aims to analyze the morphological and positional alterations in hyperplastic condyles using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scintigraphy. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 35 participants, including 21 patients diagnosed with UCH and 14 healthy controls. All patients were confirmed to have UCH via clinical examination and SPECT scintigraphy. CBCT scans were obtained to assess condylar morphology and positional differences. Linear and angular measurements, including condylar axial angle (CAA), condylar inclination (CI), joint space dimensions, gonial angle (GA), and ramus height (RH), were performed. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare hyperplastic, non-hyperplastic, and control condyles. Results: Hyperplastic condyles exhibited a significantly lower CAA (22.97° ± 8.16) compared to non-hyperplastic condyles (28.42° ± 7.07, p = 0.026). Anterior joint space (AJS) was significantly larger in hyperplastic condyles (3.75 mm ± 1.09, p = 0.001), whereas superior joint space (SJS) and posterior joint space (PJS) were significantly reduced. Gonial angle and ramus height were significantly greater in hyperplastic condyles than in non-hyperplastic and control condyles. These findings suggest that hyperplastic condyles undergo predominant superoinferior growth rather than mediolateral expansion. Conclusion: This study provides novel insights into the morphometric variations associated with UCH, challenging the traditional understanding of Type 1B condylar hyperplasia. The findings emphasize the need for individualized treatment approaches considering the unique morphological and positional adaptations in each patient. Future research should focus on 3D morphometric analysis and longitudinal studies to optimize diagnosis and management strategies.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Approval was received from the Hacettepe University Ethics Committee for the relevant study.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

December 22, 2025

Submission Date

September 23, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 1, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 4 Number: 4

APA
Acar, G., Kara, E., & Tuz, H. (2025). Morphological Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint in Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 4(4), 84-89. https://izlik.org/JA73JJ32FJ
AMA
1.Acar G, Kara E, Tuz H. Morphological Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint in Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. EJOMS. 2025;4(4):84-89. https://izlik.org/JA73JJ32FJ
Chicago
Acar, Gülin, Ersagun Kara, and Hakan Tuz. 2025. “Morphological Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint in Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography”. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 4 (4): 84-89. https://izlik.org/JA73JJ32FJ.
EndNote
Acar G, Kara E, Tuz H (December 1, 2025) Morphological Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint in Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 4 4 84–89.
IEEE
[1]G. Acar, E. Kara, and H. Tuz, “Morphological Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint in Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography”, EJOMS, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 84–89, Dec. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA73JJ32FJ
ISNAD
Acar, Gülin - Kara, Ersagun - Tuz, Hakan. “Morphological Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint in Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography”. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 4/4 (December 1, 2025): 84-89. https://izlik.org/JA73JJ32FJ.
JAMA
1.Acar G, Kara E, Tuz H. Morphological Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint in Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. EJOMS. 2025;4:84–89.
MLA
Acar, Gülin, et al. “Morphological Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint in Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography”. EurAsian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 4, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 84-89, https://izlik.org/JA73JJ32FJ.
Vancouver
1.Gülin Acar, Ersagun Kara, Hakan Tuz. Morphological Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint in Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. EJOMS [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 1;4(4):84-9. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA73JJ32FJ

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