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Evaluation of the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Treated Under General Anesthesia and Sedation in Dentistry: Single-Center Retrospective Analysis

Year 2026, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 9, 30.01.2026

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluates the demographic, clinical, and perioperative characteristics of patients undergoing general anesthesia and sedation in dentistry and explores the relationship between anesthesia-related parameters and postoperative outcomes.
Methods: This retrospective observational study reviewed records of 195 patients who underwent surgical or restorative procedures under GA and sedation between September 2023 and May 2025 at Bahçeşehir University School of Dental Medicine. Pediatric and restorative cases were combined due to the low number of restorative cases. Data collected included demographics, ASA classification, Mallampati score, systemic comorbidities, anesthesia type, airway management, anesthesia and procedure durations, and postoperative complications. Appropriate parametric and non-parametric tests were used for group comparisons.
Results: Of the patients, 52.3% were female, with a mean age of 32.79 ± 20.32 years. GA was administered in 91.8% and sedation in 8.2% of cases. Mallampati II (47.7%) and ASA II (63.6%) were the most common classifications. Systemic diseases were present in 39.5%, predominantly cardiovascular and endocrine/metabolic disorders. Nasotracheal intubation (68.2%) was the most frequent airway technique. There was no significant difference in anesthesia type between surgical and restorative groups (p=0.366), but airway management differed significantly (p<0.001). Mean anesthesia duration was 175.1 ± 77.78 minutes, and procedure duration was 152.26 ± 77.01 minutes. Postoperative complications occurred in 40.5% of patients, significantly more frequent in the surgical group (p<0.001). Patients with complications had significantly longer anesthesia and procedure durations (both p<0.001). The most commonly performed procedures included dental implant placement and primary tooth fillings.
Conclusion: GA is a safe and effective method for dental procedures; however, surgical cases are associated with longer durations and higher complication rates. Nevertheless, most of these complications were minor and self-limiting. Reducing anesthesia and procedure times, optimizing airway management, and implementing multimodal analgesia may lower postoperative morbidity.

References

  • 1. Landes DP. The provision of general anaesthesia in dental practice, an end which had to come?. Br Dent J. 2002;192:129-31.
  • 2. Karacalar S, Aykaç B. Dental girişimlerde genel anestezi uygulamaları. Marmara Med Jour. 2010;23:400-7.
  • 3. Savanheimo N, Sundberg SA, Virtanen JI, Vehkalahti MM. Dental care and treatments provided under general anaesthesia in the Helsinki Public Dental Service. BMC Oral Health. 2012;12:45.
  • 4. Andreeva R. Indications for dental treatment under general anesthesia. Scripta Scientifica Medica. 2018;50:15-8.
  • 5. Demir M, Tulumbacı F. Çocuk Hastaların Genel Anestezi ve Sedasyon Altında Yapılan Dental Tedavilerinin Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. HRU International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research. 2022;2(1):11-9.
  • 6. Özkan AS, Erdoğan MA, Şanlı M, Kaçmaz O, Durmuş M, Çolak C. Retrospective evaluation of dental treatment under general anaesthesia. Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation. 2015;43(5):332.
  • 7. Enever GR, Nunn JH, Sheehan JK. A comparison of post-operative morbidity following outpatient dental care under generalanaesthesia in paediatric patients with and without disabilities.Int J Paeditr Dent. 2000;10:120-5.
  • 8. Reuter NG, Westgate PM, Ingram M, Miller CS. Death related to dental treatment: a systematic review. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology. 2017;123(2):194-204.
  • 9. Mayeda C, Wilson S. Complications within the first 24 hours after dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Pediatr Dent. 2009;31:513-9.
  • 10. Nunn JH, Davidson G, Gordon PH, Storrs J. A retrospective review of a service to provide comprehensive dental care under general anesthesia. Spec Care Dentist. 1995;15:97-101.
  • 11. Çobanoğlu S, Koşar YÇ, Tekin G, Köse NS, Dereci Ö. Demographic Evaluation of Patients Treated Under General Anesthesia in Dentistry. Medical Records. 2025;7(2):279-88.
  • 12. Çağıran EY, Efeoğlu C, Balcıoğlu T, Koca H. Mental retardehastalarda dental tedavi: Retrospektif inceleme. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences. 2011;31(4):830-6. 13. Ruiz-Martín E, Porteros Sánchez JA. Results of a dental careprotocol for mentally handicapped patients set in a primary health care area in Spain. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2007;12(7):492-5.
  • 14. Coté CJ, Notterman DA, Karl HW, Weinberg JA, McCloskey C. Adverse sedation events in pediatrics: a critical incident analysis of contributing factors. Pediatrics. 2000;105(4):805-14.
  • 15. Schnabl D, Guarda A, Guarda M, et al. Dental treatment under general anesthesia in adults with special needs at the University Hospital of Dental Prosthetics and Restorative Dentistry of Innsbruck, Austria: a retrospective study of 12 years. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23:4157-62.
  • 16. Küçükyavuz Z, Açar E. Diş hekimliği fakültesinde genel anestezi ile operasyon uygulanan hasta grubunun özellikleri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2002;81:13-9.
  • 17. Uzun Ş, Erdoğan N, Çelebi N, Çeliker V. Sifilizli olguda zor entübasyon. Türk Anest Rean Der Dergisi. 2007;35:64-7.
  • 18. Zhaoa N, Deng F, Yu C. Anesthesia for paediatric day-case surgery: A study comparing the classic laryngeal mask airway with nasal tracheal intubation. The J Craniofacial Surg. 2014;25:245-8.
  • 19. D’Eramo EM. Mortality and morbidity with outpatient anesthesia: the Massachusetts experience. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 1999;57(5):531-6. doi: 10.1016/0278-2391(92)90101-5.
  • 20. Hunter MJ, Molinaro AM. (1997). Morbidity and mortality with outpatient anesthesia: the experience of a residency training program. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 1997;55(7):684-7. doi: 10.1016/s0278-2391(97)90575-9

Diş Hekimliğinde Genel Anestezi ve Sedasyon Altında Yapılan Girişimlerin Demografik, Klinik ve Perioperatif Özellikleri: Tek Merkezli Restrospektif Analiz

Year 2026, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 1 - 9, 30.01.2026

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, üniversite hastanesinde genel anestezi (GA) ve sedasyon altında gerçekleştirilen dental işlemlerin demografik, klinik ve perioperatif özellikleri ile anestezi ve cerrahi parametrelerinin postoperatif sonuçlarla ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Yöntem: Bu retrospektif gözlemsel çalışmada Eylül 2023–Mayıs 2025 arasında Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’nde GA ve sedasyon altında Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi ya da Pedodonti/Restoratif Diş Tedavisi bölümlerinde işlem geçiren 195 hastanın kayıtları incelendi. Restoratif olguların sayısının düşük olması nedeniyle pedodonti ve restoratif olgular birlikte değerlendirildi. Demografik veriler, ASA sınıflaması, Mallampati skoru, sistemik hastalık varlığı, anestezi tipi, hava yolu yönetimi, anestezi ve işlem süreleri ile postoperatif komplikasyonlar kaydedildi. Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda uygun parametrik ve non-parametrik testler kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Hastaların %52,3’ü kadın, yaş ortalaması 32,79 ± 20,32 yıl idi. GA oranı %91,8, sedasyon oranı %8,2 olarak bulundu. Mallampati II (%47,7) ve ASA II (%63,6) en sık görülen hasta gruplarıydı. Sistemik hastalık prevalansı %39,5 olup, en sık kardiyovasküler ve endokrin/metabolik hastalıklar görüldü. Hava yolu yönetiminde nasotrakeal entübasyon (%68,2) baskındı. Cerrahi grup ile pedodonti/restoratif grup arasında anestezi tipi açısından fark yoktu (p=0,366), ancak hava yolu yöntemi anlamlı farklılık gösterdi (p<0,001). Ortalama anestezi süresi 175,1 ± 77,78 dakika, işlem süresi 152,26 ± 77,01 dakika idi. Postoperatif komplikasyon oranı %40,5 olup, cerrahi grupta anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p<0,001). Komplikasyonu olan hastalarda hem anestezi hem de işlem süreleri anlamlı olarak daha uzundu (p<0,001). En sık uygulanan işlemler dental implant yerleştirilmesi ve süt dişi dolgusuydu.
Sonuç: GA, dental işlemlerde güvenli ve etkili bir yöntemdir; ancak cerrahi işlemler, daha uzun süreler ve daha yüksek komplikasyon oranları ile ilişkilidir. Bununla birlikte, komplikasyonların çoğu minör ve kendiliğinden düzelen nitelikteydi. Anestezi ve işlem süresinin azaltılması, hava yolu yönetiminin doğru planlanması ve multimodal analjezi kullanımı postoperatif morbiditeyi azaltabilir.

References

  • 1. Landes DP. The provision of general anaesthesia in dental practice, an end which had to come?. Br Dent J. 2002;192:129-31.
  • 2. Karacalar S, Aykaç B. Dental girişimlerde genel anestezi uygulamaları. Marmara Med Jour. 2010;23:400-7.
  • 3. Savanheimo N, Sundberg SA, Virtanen JI, Vehkalahti MM. Dental care and treatments provided under general anaesthesia in the Helsinki Public Dental Service. BMC Oral Health. 2012;12:45.
  • 4. Andreeva R. Indications for dental treatment under general anesthesia. Scripta Scientifica Medica. 2018;50:15-8.
  • 5. Demir M, Tulumbacı F. Çocuk Hastaların Genel Anestezi ve Sedasyon Altında Yapılan Dental Tedavilerinin Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi. HRU International Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research. 2022;2(1):11-9.
  • 6. Özkan AS, Erdoğan MA, Şanlı M, Kaçmaz O, Durmuş M, Çolak C. Retrospective evaluation of dental treatment under general anaesthesia. Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation. 2015;43(5):332.
  • 7. Enever GR, Nunn JH, Sheehan JK. A comparison of post-operative morbidity following outpatient dental care under generalanaesthesia in paediatric patients with and without disabilities.Int J Paeditr Dent. 2000;10:120-5.
  • 8. Reuter NG, Westgate PM, Ingram M, Miller CS. Death related to dental treatment: a systematic review. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology. 2017;123(2):194-204.
  • 9. Mayeda C, Wilson S. Complications within the first 24 hours after dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Pediatr Dent. 2009;31:513-9.
  • 10. Nunn JH, Davidson G, Gordon PH, Storrs J. A retrospective review of a service to provide comprehensive dental care under general anesthesia. Spec Care Dentist. 1995;15:97-101.
  • 11. Çobanoğlu S, Koşar YÇ, Tekin G, Köse NS, Dereci Ö. Demographic Evaluation of Patients Treated Under General Anesthesia in Dentistry. Medical Records. 2025;7(2):279-88.
  • 12. Çağıran EY, Efeoğlu C, Balcıoğlu T, Koca H. Mental retardehastalarda dental tedavi: Retrospektif inceleme. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences. 2011;31(4):830-6. 13. Ruiz-Martín E, Porteros Sánchez JA. Results of a dental careprotocol for mentally handicapped patients set in a primary health care area in Spain. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2007;12(7):492-5.
  • 14. Coté CJ, Notterman DA, Karl HW, Weinberg JA, McCloskey C. Adverse sedation events in pediatrics: a critical incident analysis of contributing factors. Pediatrics. 2000;105(4):805-14.
  • 15. Schnabl D, Guarda A, Guarda M, et al. Dental treatment under general anesthesia in adults with special needs at the University Hospital of Dental Prosthetics and Restorative Dentistry of Innsbruck, Austria: a retrospective study of 12 years. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23:4157-62.
  • 16. Küçükyavuz Z, Açar E. Diş hekimliği fakültesinde genel anestezi ile operasyon uygulanan hasta grubunun özellikleri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2002;81:13-9.
  • 17. Uzun Ş, Erdoğan N, Çelebi N, Çeliker V. Sifilizli olguda zor entübasyon. Türk Anest Rean Der Dergisi. 2007;35:64-7.
  • 18. Zhaoa N, Deng F, Yu C. Anesthesia for paediatric day-case surgery: A study comparing the classic laryngeal mask airway with nasal tracheal intubation. The J Craniofacial Surg. 2014;25:245-8.
  • 19. D’Eramo EM. Mortality and morbidity with outpatient anesthesia: the Massachusetts experience. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 1999;57(5):531-6. doi: 10.1016/0278-2391(92)90101-5.
  • 20. Hunter MJ, Molinaro AM. (1997). Morbidity and mortality with outpatient anesthesia: the experience of a residency training program. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 1997;55(7):684-7. doi: 10.1016/s0278-2391(97)90575-9
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Journal Section Clinical Research
Authors

Ezgi Yüceer Çetiner 0000-0003-4393-9440

Yusuf Demir 0009-0005-4027-9784

Banu Öter 0000-0002-7621-1061

Özgür Sakarya 0009-0008-6389-7157

Submission Date December 3, 2025
Acceptance Date December 22, 2025
Publication Date January 30, 2026
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver 1.Yüceer Çetiner E, Demir Y, Öter B, Sakarya Ö. Evaluation of the Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Treated Under General Anesthesia and Sedation in Dentistry: Single-Center Retrospective Analysis. EJOMS [Internet]. 2026 Jan. 1;5(1):1-9. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA58CJ33RC

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