Descending and Ascending Airway Infections Between the Nose and Lungs

İmran Özdemir

doi:10.65396/ejra.1894508

Descending and Ascending Airway Infections Between the Nose and Lungs

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In this paper, we reviewed descending and ascending airway infections. METHODS: Research methods included searching online databases such as Google, Google Scholar, ProQuest Central, and PubMed at Üsküdar University. I used terms like "airway infections", "ascending", "descending", "united airways", "sinusitis", and "tonsillitis" to find related articles. RESULTS: The respiratory system is a complex, interconnected network. The nasal passages and lungs are essential for healthy breathing. Understanding the bidirectional infection dynamics between these two anatomical locations is crucial for elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms underlying various respiratory illnesses. CONCLUSION: The two-way relationship between the nasal passages and lungs is an important part of overall respiratory health. As research continues to uncover the intricacies of these connections, both clinical and scientific communities need to lead the way in translating this information into practical applications that enhance patient care and improve health outcomes.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No supper

Ethical Statement

No financial contribution

Thanks

References

1. Ozdemir, I., Gemicioglu, B. (2025). Asthma. In: Ünlü, Z., Bayar Muluk, N., Cagliyan Turk, A., Cingi, C. (eds) Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation in Otorhinolaryngology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06268-0_70
2. Ozdemir, I., Oguzulgen, I.K. (2025). Bronchiectasis. In: Ünlü, Z., Bayar Muluk, N., Cagliyan Turk, A., Cingi, C. (eds) Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation in Otorhinolaryngology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-06268-0_71
3. Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N; Aria Workshop Group; World Health Organization. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Nov;108(5 Suppl):147-334.
4. Bousquet J, Anto JM, Haahtela T, Sousa-Pinto B, Morais-Almeida M. From “one airway, one disease” to “one airway, many diseases”. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2025 Jul;156(1):198-199.
5. van Woudenbergh, E., Lakerveld, A. J., van Heerbeek, N., Honings, J., van Kasteren, P. B., de Jonge, M. I., & den Hartog, G. (2025). Primary human nasal, nasopharyngeal, and bronchial epithelia show distinct immune responses to various pathogens. Pathogens and disease, 83, ftaf011.
6. Klimek L, Brough HA, Arasi S, Toppila-Salmi S, Bergmann C, Jutel M, Bousquet J, Hox V, Gevaert P, Tomazic PV, Rondón Segovia C, Cingi C, Cuevas M, Gröger M, Huber P, Reitsma S, Rudenko M, Maza-Solano J, Gane S, Karavelia A, van Gerven L, Schiappoli M, Bozkurt B, Becker S, Chaker A, Wollenberg B, Mösges R, Huppertz T, Hagemann J, Palomares O, Bärhold F, Pfaar O, Del Giacco S, Bonadonna P, Moreira A, Agache I, Akdis CA, Fokkens W, Walusiak-Skorupa J, de Las Vecillas L, Alvaro Lozano M, Giovannini M, Untersmayr E, Feleszko W, Cianferoni A, Sahiner UM, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Shamji M, Torres Jaén MJ. Otitis Media With Effusion (OME) and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: The Role of Allergy and Immunity-An EAACI Position Paper. Allergy. 2025 Apr 17. doi: 10.1111/all.16554. PMID: 40242889.
7. Fokkens WJ. EPOS2020: a major step forward. Rhinology. 2020 Feb 1;58(1):1. doi: 10.4193/Rhin20.401. PMID: 32078669.
8. Bousquet J, Hellings PW, Agache I, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Phase 4 (2018): Change management in allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity using mobile technology. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 Mar;143(3):864-879. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.08.049. Epub 2018 Sep 29. Erratum in: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 Nov;144(5):1456. doi: 10.1016/j. jaci.2019.08.025. PMID: 30273709.

9. Bachert C, Zhang N, Holtappels G, De Lobel L, van Cauwenberge P. Chronic rhinosinusitis: from one disease to different phenotypes. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2012;23 Suppl 22:2-7.
10. Tan, B. K., Chandra, R. K., Pollak, J., Kato, A., Conley, D. B., Peters, A. T., Grammer, L. C., Avila, P. C., Kern, R. C., Stewart, W. F., Schleimer, R. P., & Schwartz, B. S. (2013). Incidence and associated premorbid diagnoses of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 131(5), 1350–1360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.02.002
11. De Young K, Bozkanat E, Fisher JH. Nasal polyps and their relationship to asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2005 Jan;11(1):18–22.
12. Tomassen P, Van Zele T, Zhang N, et al. Pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2011 Mar;8(1):115–20.
14. Stevens WW, Lee RJ, Schleimer RP, Cohen NA. Chronic rhinosinusitis pathogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 Oct;136(6):1442–1453.
15. Langdon C, Mullol J. Nasal polyps in patients with asthma: prevalence, impact, and management challenges. J Asthma
16. Naclerio RM, Hamilos DL. Unblocking the Treatment Stalemate in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyposis (CRSsNP). J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2024 Apr;12(4):1062-1064.
17. Delaunay E, Esnault S, Dendooven A, Stoup T, Vanderhaegen T, Jan L, Cadart L, Chenivesse C, Mortuaire G, Lefèvre G. Associations Between Blood Eosinophil Surface Proteins and Clinical Traits in Severe Asthma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyposis. Allergy. 2025 Aug 2. doi: 10.1111/all.70001. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40751399.
18. Suikkila A, Lyly A, Saarinen R, Lundberg M, Hafrén L. Biologic Therapy Relieves Otologic Symptoms and Signs in Patients With Asthma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2025 Jul 24;10(4):e70212.
19. Hellings PW, Steelant B. Epithelial barriers in allergy and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Jun;145(6):1499-1509.
20. Ahmed, O. A., Ghanem, A. S., Móré, M., & Nagy, A. C. (2026). Respiratory and Related Comorbidities' Role in the Risk of Acute Sinusitis: A 15-Year Longitudinal Clinical Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 15(2), 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15020660
21. Payne SC, McKenna M, Buckley J, Colandrea M, Chow A, Detwiller K, Donaldson A, Dubin M, Finestone S, Filip P, Khalid A, Peters AT, Rosenfeld R, Akrami Z, Dhepyasuwan N. Clinical Practice Guideline: Adult Sinusitis Update. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2025 Aug;173 Suppl 1:S1-S56.
22. Payne SC, McKenna M, Buckley J, Colandrea M, Chow A, Detwiller K, Donaldson A, Dubin M, Finestone S, Peters AT, Khalid A, Rosenfeld R, Akrami Z, Dhepyasuwan N. Executive Summary of the Clinical Practice Guideline on Adult Sinusitis Update. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2025 Aug;173(2):299-316.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Otorhinolaryngology

Journal Section

Review Article

Authors

İmran Özdemir ^*
Türkiye

Publication Date

March 26, 2026

Submission Date

February 21, 2026

Acceptance Date

February 23, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.65396/ejra.1894508

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA34RP63AN

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Özdemir, İ. (2026). Descending and Ascending Airway Infections Between the Nose and Lungs. European Journal of Rhinology and Allergy, 9(1), 47-51. https://doi.org/10.65396/ejra.1894508

AMA

1.Özdemir İ. Descending and Ascending Airway Infections Between the Nose and Lungs. Eur J Rhinol Allergy. 2026;9(1):47-51. doi:10.65396/ejra.1894508

Chicago

Özdemir, İmran. 2026. “Descending and Ascending Airway Infections Between the Nose and Lungs”. European Journal of Rhinology and Allergy 9 (1): 47-51. https://doi.org/10.65396/ejra.1894508.

EndNote

Özdemir İ (March 1, 2026) Descending and Ascending Airway Infections Between the Nose and Lungs. European Journal of Rhinology and Allergy 9 1 47–51.

IEEE

[1]İ. Özdemir, “Descending and Ascending Airway Infections Between the Nose and Lungs”, Eur J Rhinol Allergy, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 47–51, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.65396/ejra.1894508.

ISNAD

Özdemir, İmran. “Descending and Ascending Airway Infections Between the Nose and Lungs”. European Journal of Rhinology and Allergy 9/1 (March 1, 2026): 47-51. https://doi.org/10.65396/ejra.1894508.

JAMA

1.Özdemir İ. Descending and Ascending Airway Infections Between the Nose and Lungs. Eur J Rhinol Allergy. 2026;9:47–51.

MLA

Özdemir, İmran. “Descending and Ascending Airway Infections Between the Nose and Lungs”. European Journal of Rhinology and Allergy, vol. 9, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 47-51, doi:10.65396/ejra.1894508.

Vancouver

1.İmran Özdemir. Descending and Ascending Airway Infections Between the Nose and Lungs. Eur J Rhinol Allergy. 2026 Mar. 1;9(1):47-51. doi:10.65396/ejra.1894508