Exogenous jasmonic acid and salicylic acid treatments promote antioxidant mechanisms in carrot

Onur Çetiner; Hüseyin Türker; Bengü Türkyılmaz Ünal

doi:10.55696/ejset.1922721

Exogenous jasmonic acid and salicylic acid treatments promote antioxidant mechanisms in carrot

Abstract

Carrots are an important plant rich in natural antioxidants recognized for their nutraceutical effects and health benefits. In addition to being consumed as food, the carrot is a significant agricultural product in the health and cosmetics sectors, particularly for its high antioxidant content. This study investigated the effects of exogenously treated jasmonic acid and salicylic acid at different concentrations (0.5 and 1 mM) on carotenoid content and carrots' antioxidant capacity. The data obtained from biochemical analyses (chlorophyll, total protein and carotenoid contents, and superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities) proved that the related growth regulators positively increased the carotenoid content and antioxidant capacity of carrot.

Keywords

References

A. Peirce, American pharmaceutical association practical guide to natural medicines. Morrow, 1999. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-6-200009190-00032
J. W. Kadereit and C. Jeffrey, Flowering plants. Eudicots. Springer, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93605-5
O. Banga, "Main Types of the Western Carotene Carrot and their Origin," 1963. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19630305202
M. Yıldız, "Havuçlarda antosiyanin sentezlenmesini etkileyen genlerin biyosentezi ile mor ve sarı renkleri veren P1 ve Y2 genlerinin haritalanması," 2009.
FAO. (2019, Accessed date: 25 June 2023). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available: http://www.fao.org/statistics/en/
N. Tapki, K. Aybuke, E. Dağistan, and D. B. Budak, "A comparison of different sized carrot (Daucus carota L.) producing enterprises regarding socio-economic and capital structures, agricultural techniques, and attitudes of farmers in turkey: a case study from hatay province," EJONS International Journal on Mathematic, Engineering and Natural Sciences, vol. 4, no. 14, pp. 293-303, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38063/ejons.239
V. E. Rubatzky, C. F. Quiros, and P. W. Simon, "Carrots and related vegetable Umbelliferae," 1999. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19990309628
F. Que et al., "Advances in research on the carrot, an important root vegetable in the Apiaceae family," Horticulture research, vol. 6, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0150-6

S. Arabshahi-D, D. V. Devi, and A. Urooj, "Evaluation of antioxidant activity of some plant extracts and their heat, pH and storage stability," Food Chemistry, vol. 100, no. 3, pp. 1100-1105, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.11.014
Y.-F. Chu, J. Sun, X. Wu, and R. H. Liu, "Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of common vegetables," Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, vol. 50, no. 23, pp. 6910-6916, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020665f
H. Turker and B. T. Unal, "Bryophytes as the potential source of antioxidant," 2020. https://doi.org/10.26672/anatolianbryology.740094
B. Turkyilmaz Unal, O. Mentis, and E. Akyol, "Effects of exogenous salicylic acid on antioxidant activity and proline accumulation in apple (Malus domestica L.)," Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 606-611, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-015-0049-6
H. Karabulut and M. Ş. Gülay, "Free Radicals," Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Health Sciences Institute, vol. 4, no. 1, 2016.
H. Turker, "Investigation of the Physiological and Antioxidant Properties of the Medicinal and Endemic Hypericum bilgehan-bilgilii Species Under Different Cultivation Methods," Biology, vol. 14, no. 9, p. 1302, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14091302
F.-Y. Tsai, K. Hung, and C. Kao, "An increase in ethylene sensitivity is associated with jasmonate-promoted senescence of detached rice leaves," Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 197-200, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00190584
F. Altaf et al., "Receptor dynamics of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in plant signal transduction," in Plant Receptors in Cellular Signaling: Elsevier, 2026, pp. 151-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-30244-2.00009-9
M. Saniewski, J. Nowacki, and J. Czapski, "The effect of methyl jasmonate on ethylene production and ethylene-forming enzyme activity in tomatoes," Journal of plant physiology, vol. 129, no. 1-2, pp. 175-180, 1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-1617(87)80114-1
J. B. Harborne, "The flavonoids: advances in research since 1980," 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2913-6
Z. E. Duvarci, H. Turker, and B. T. UNAL, "Improvement of morphological, physiological, and antioxidant potential in purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) through exogenous treatments of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid," Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 14817-14817, 2025.https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha53414817
I. Raskin, "Role of salicylic acid in plants," Annual review of plant biology, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 439-463, 1992.https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/19930761743
B. Türkyılmaz, L. Aktaş, and A. Güven, "Salicylic acid induced some biochemical and physiological changes in Phaseolus vulgaris L," Science and Engineering Journal of Firat University, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 319-326, 2005.
D. F. Klessig and J. Malamy, "The salicylic acid signal in plants," Plant molecular biology, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1439-1458, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00016484
J. R. Harper and N. E. Balke, "Characterization of the inhibition of K+ absorption in oat roots by salicylic acid," Plant physiology, vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 1349-1353, 1981. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.68.6.1349
W. Khan, B. Prithiviraj, and D. L. Smith, "Photosynthetic responses of corn and soybean to foliar application of salicylates," Journal of plant physiology, vol. 160, no. 5, pp. 485-492, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1078/0176-1617-00865
F. H. Witham, D. F. Blaydes, and R. M. Devlin, "Experiments in plant physiology," 1971.
M. M. Bradford, "A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding," Analytical biochemistry, vol. 72, no. 1-2, pp. 248-254, 1976. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
C. Beauchamp and I. Fridovich, "Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels," Analytical biochemistry, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 276-287, 1971. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8
H. Bergmeyer, "Standardization of methods for estimation of enzyme activity in biological fluids," Z. Klin. Chem. Biochem., vol. 8, pp. 658-660, 1970.
J. W. Tukey, "Causation, Regression, and Path Anaysis," Statistics and mathematics in biology, pp. 35-66, 1954.
B. Al-Safadi, "Characterization and distribution of Daucus species in Syria," Biologia, vol. 63, pp. 177-182, 2008. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-008-0036-9
G. Lucier and B.-H. Lin, Factors affecting carrot consumption in the United States. USDA, Economic Research Service, 2007. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20123035181
C. Pelucchi et al., "Dietary intake of carotenoids and retinol and endometrial cancer risk in an Italian case–control study," Cancer Causes & Control, vol. 19, pp. 1209-1215, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-008-9190-1
C. Sevimli-Gur, B. Cetin, S. Akay, S. Gulce-Iz, and O. Yesil-Celiktas, "Extracts from black carrot tissue culture as potent anticancer agents," Plant foods for human nutrition, vol. 68, pp. 293-298, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-013-0371-z
X. Yi et al., "Carrot and carotene and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review of the evidence," Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 103, no. 5, pp. 2251-2261, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.12425
R. Mammadov, "Secondary metabolites in seed plants," Nobel Pres, Ankara-Turkey, pp. 93-115, 2014.
T. Ozsan, E. G. Vural, and A. N. Onus, "Do Jasmonic Acid and Activated Charcoal Increase The in vitro Development Of Orange Carrot (Daucus carota L.) and Purple Carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.)?," Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 115-127, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2020.5.12
L. Khandaker, A. M. Akond, and S. Oba, "Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid Improved the Growth, Yield and Leaf's Bioactive Compounds in Red Amaranth (L.)," Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 77-86, 2011. DOI: 10.2478/v10032-011-0006-6.
R. A. Creelman and J. E. Mullet, "Biosynthesis and action of jasmonates in plants," Annual review of plant biology, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 355-381, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.355
K. Ghassemi-Golezani, S. Farhangi-Abriz, and A. Bandehagh, "Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid alter physiological performance, assimilate mobilization and seed filling of soybean under salt stress," Acta Agriculturae Slovenica, vol. 111, no. 3, pp. 597-607, 2018. https://doi.org/10.14720/aas.2018.111.3.08
G. Sudha and G. Ravishankar, "Elicitation of anthocyanin production in callus cultures of Daucus carota and the involvement of methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid," Acta physiologiae plantarum, vol. 25, pp. 249-256, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-003-0005-4
F. Eraslan, A. Inal, A. Gunes, and M. Alpaslan, "Impact of exogenous salicylic acid on the growth, antioxidant activity and physiology of carrot plants subjected to combined salinity and boron toxicity," Scientia horticulturae, vol. 113, no. 2, pp. 120-128, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2007.03.012
B. T. Unal, C. İşlek, T. Ezer, and Z. Düzelten, "Cinclidotus pachylomoides (Bryophyta)’in biber ve mısır bitkileri üzerine allelopatik etkileri," Anatolian Bryology, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 58-67, 2017. DOI: 10.26672/anatolianbryology.331870
M. Thiruvengadam, V. Baskar, S.-H. Kim, and I.-M. Chung, "Effects of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid on the content of phytochemicals and their gene expression profiles and biological activity in turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapa)," Plant Growth Regulation, vol. 80, pp. 377-390, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-016-0178-7

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Horticultural Production (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Onur Çetiner
0000-0002-9096-0499
Türkiye

Hüseyin Türker ^*
0000-0001-7309-9484
Türkiye

Bengü Türkyılmaz Ünal
0000-0003-4003-5200
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 30, 2026

Submission Date

April 3, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 29, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.55696/ejset.1922721

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA29CH76HH

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Çetiner, O., Türker, H., & Türkyılmaz Ünal, B. (2026). Exogenous jasmonic acid and salicylic acid treatments promote antioxidant mechanisms in carrot. Eurasian Journal of Science Engineering and Technology, 7(2), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.55696/ejset.1922721

AMA

1.Çetiner O, Türker H, Türkyılmaz Ünal B. Exogenous jasmonic acid and salicylic acid treatments promote antioxidant mechanisms in carrot. (EJSET). 2026;7(2):30-37. doi:10.55696/ejset.1922721

Chicago

Çetiner, Onur, Hüseyin Türker, and Bengü Türkyılmaz Ünal. 2026. “Exogenous Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid Treatments Promote Antioxidant Mechanisms in Carrot”. Eurasian Journal of Science Engineering and Technology 7 (2): 30-37. https://doi.org/10.55696/ejset.1922721.

EndNote

Çetiner O, Türker H, Türkyılmaz Ünal B (July 1, 2026) Exogenous jasmonic acid and salicylic acid treatments promote antioxidant mechanisms in carrot. Eurasian Journal of Science Engineering and Technology 7 2 30–37.

IEEE

[1]O. Çetiner, H. Türker, and B. Türkyılmaz Ünal, “Exogenous jasmonic acid and salicylic acid treatments promote antioxidant mechanisms in carrot”, (EJSET), vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 30–37, July 2026, doi: 10.55696/ejset.1922721.

ISNAD

Çetiner, Onur - Türker, Hüseyin - Türkyılmaz Ünal, Bengü. “Exogenous Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid Treatments Promote Antioxidant Mechanisms in Carrot”. Eurasian Journal of Science Engineering and Technology 7/2 (July 1, 2026): 30-37. https://doi.org/10.55696/ejset.1922721.

JAMA

1.Çetiner O, Türker H, Türkyılmaz Ünal B. Exogenous jasmonic acid and salicylic acid treatments promote antioxidant mechanisms in carrot. (EJSET). 2026;7:30–37.

MLA

Çetiner, Onur, et al. “Exogenous Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid Treatments Promote Antioxidant Mechanisms in Carrot”. Eurasian Journal of Science Engineering and Technology, vol. 7, no. 2, July 2026, pp. 30-37, doi:10.55696/ejset.1922721.

Vancouver

1.Onur Çetiner, Hüseyin Türker, Bengü Türkyılmaz Ünal. Exogenous jasmonic acid and salicylic acid treatments promote antioxidant mechanisms in carrot. (EJSET). 2026 Jul. 1;7(2):30-7. doi:10.55696/ejset.1922721