Research Article
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Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 89 - 94, 30.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.55696/ejset.1732523

Abstract

References

  • W. A. Khan, P. Varanusupakul, H. Ul Haq, M. B. Arain, G. Boczkaj, Applications of Nanosorbents in Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction/Microextraction Approaches for Monitoring of Synthetic Dyes in Various Types of Samples: A review. Microchemical Journal, 208, 112419-112429, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2024.112419.
  • M. N. A. M. Alkhafaji, M. R. A. Mogaddam, M. A. Farajzadeh, S. M. Sorouraddin, Density Tunable Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction of Four Organochlorine Pesticides from Edible Oil Sample Using Rhodamine B as a Sorbent Prior to GC-MS Analysis. Journal of Chromatography A, 1740, 465536-465544, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465536.
  • M. Hosseini, B. Ghanbarzadeh, A. Pezeshki, M. R. A. Mogaddam, Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction of Four Phthalate Esters as Plastic Packaging Plasticizers from Fruit Juice Samples Using Ternary Metallic-Organic Framework Composite Before Their Determination with Gas Chromatography. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 140, 107227-107235, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107227.
  • A. T. Bişgin, Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Brilliant Blue and Tartrazine in Diverse Sample Matrices After Solid Phase Extraction. Journal of AOAC International, 103 (6), 1478-1485, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa056
  • B. Cui, Z. Yan, N. Bu, L. Liang, W. Yao, S. Wang, J. Cui, W. Yan, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yuan, L. Xia, Bio-inspired Porous Adsorbents with Lotus-Leaf-Like Hierarchical Structures and Mussel Adhesive Surfaces for High-Capacity Removal of Toxic Dyes. Environmental Research, 268, 120776-120785, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.120776.
  • I. E. Uflyand, V. A. Zhinzhilo, V. O. Nikolaevskaya, B. I. Kharisov, C. M. O. Gonzalez, O. V. Kharissova, Recent Strategies to Improve MOF Performance in Solid Phase Extraction of Organic Dyes. Microchemical Journal, 168, 106387-106411, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2021.106387.
  • A. H. Jawad, R. A. Maharani, A. Hapiz, Z. A. ALOthman d, L. D. Wilson, A Comparison of Freeze- and Air-Dried Chitosan Salicylaldehyde/Calcium Oxide Biocomposites for Optimized Removal of Acid Red 88 Dye. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 292, 139165-139179, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.139165.
  • D. Jaspal, S. Malhotra, A. Malviya, Column Studies for the Adsorption of Brilliant Green, Fast Green FCF and Phenol Red Dyes on De-Oiled Soya and Bottom. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 24(11), 5082-5086, 2012.
  • Y. Sürme, O. B. Demirci, Determination of Direct Violet 51 Dye in Water Based on Its Decolorisation by Electrochemical Treatment. Chemical Papers, 68(11), 1491–1497, 2014. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-014-0616-9.
  • A. T. Bişgin, Y. Sürme, M. Uçan, İ. Narin, Simultaneous Preconcentration and Determination of Rhodamine B and Brillant Blue, Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 44, 695-705, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-020-00892-6.
  • T. Robinson, B. Chandran, P. Nigam. Studies on Desorption of Individual Textile Dyes and A Synthetic Dye Effluent from Dye-Adsorbed Agricultural Residues Using Solvents. Bioresource Technology, 84, 299–301, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00039-1.
  • A. Mittal, D. Kaur, J. Mittal, Batch and Bulk Removal of a Triarylmethane Dye, Fast Green FCF, from Wastewater by Adsorption Over Waste Materials. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163, 568–577, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.005.
  • S. Zarabi, R. Heydari, S. Z. Mohammadi, Dispersive Micro-solid Phase Extraction in Micro-channel. Microchemical Journal, 170, 106676-106681, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2021.106676.
  • I. Safarik, S. Mullerova, K. Pospiskova, Semiquantitative Determination of Food Acid Dyes by Magnetic Textile Solid Phase Extraction Followed by Image Analysis. Food Chemistry, 274, 215-219, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.125.
  • A. Chisvert, S. Cardenas, R. Lucena, Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 112, 226–233, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.005.
  • R. Heydari, M. R. D. Bazvand, Ultrasound-Assisted Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Coupled with Reversed-Phase Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Vitamin C in Various Matrices. Food Analytical Methods, 12(9), 1949–1956, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01547-y.
  • L. Jiang, Y. Li, X. Yang, C. Z. Jin, W. B. Zhang, Ultrasound-assisted Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction for Promoting Enrichment of ng L-1 level Hg2+ on Ionic Liquid Coated Magnetic Materials, Analytica Chimica Acta, 1181, 338906-339005, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2021.338906.
  • K. Jamshidi-Ghaleh, S. Salmani, M. H. M. Ara, Nonlinear Responses and Optical Limiting Behavior of Fast Green FCF Dye Under a Low Power CW He–Ne Laser Irradiation. Optics Communications, 271, 551–554, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2006.10.037.
  • S. Abdi, M. Nasiri, Removal of Fast Green FCF Dye From Aqueous Solutions using Flower Gel as a Low-cost Adsorbent. Water Science & Technology, 77 (5), 1213–1221, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.633.
  • S. Sawant, K. Lalge, S. Labade, N. Khengre, A. Burungale, Effective Removal and Recovery of Fast Green FCF Dye from Wastewater using Green Adsorbent. International Journal of Applied Chemistry, 13(2), 341-351, 2017.
  • A. Mittal, D. Kaur, J. Mittal, Batch studies for the removal of a hazardous dye, Fast Green FCF from wastewater through adsorption over waste materials bottom ash and de-oiled soya. Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12 th World Lake Conference: pp. 952-959, 2008.
  • A. Kumar, M. Paliwal, R. Ameta, S.C. Ameta, Oxidation of Fast Green FCF by the Solar Photo-Fenton Process. Journal of The Iranian Chemical Society, 5(2), 346-351, 2008.
  • J. Pooralhossini, M. Ghaedi, M. A. Zanjanchi, A. Asfaram, Ultrasonically Assisted Removal of Congo Red, Phloxine B and Fast Green FCF in Ternary Mixture using Novel Nanocomposite Following Their Simultaneous Analysis by Derivative Spectrophotometry. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 37, 452-463, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.01.038.
  • E. Forgacsa, T. Cserhatia, G. Oros, Removal of Synthetic Dyes from Wastewaters: A Review. Environment International 30, 953– 971, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.001
  • A. Emini, O. Seyyar, Y. Sürme, Biosorption of Ni (II), Pb (II), and Cu (II) metal ions on the chitin isolated from spider species of Drassodes lapidosus. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 48, 286-295, 2024. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3183
  • D. Özkır, The Electrochemical Variation of a Kind of Protein Staining and Food Dye as a New Corrosion Inhibitor on Mild Steel in Acidic Medium. International Journal of Electrochemistry, 1, 1-11, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5743952.
  • Y. Sürme, Highly Selective Separation and Preconcentration of Lead as its Fast Green FCF Complex by Cloud Point Extraction. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 46, 121–127, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-021-01221-1.
  • S. Ramalakshmi, K. Muthuchelian, K. Swaminathan, Comparative Studies on Removal of Fast Green Dye from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbon Prepared from Gloriosa superba Waste and Alternaria Raphani Fungal Biomass. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5 (4), 222-231, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3923/jest.2012.222.231.

Ultrasound-assisted d-SPE of Fast Green FCF on chitin bio-adsorbent prior to spectrophotometric determination

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 89 - 94, 30.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.55696/ejset.1732523

Abstract

A novel technique called ultrasound-assisted d–SPE developed that based on the adsorption of FCF dye onto commercial chitin. The Fast Green FCF dye's concentration was measured at 624 nm using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. Analyte concentration, solution pH, ultrasound time, and interfering ions—all crucial elements of ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction—were examined and optimized. These findings demonstrated that the developed approach is easy to use, affordable, time-efficient, dependable, and suitable for a wide range of water samples. This novel method demonstrates significant potential as a viable alternative to existing removal techniques, particularly in applications related to dye removal.

Thanks

The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Osman Seyyar from the Biology Department of Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University for his contribution and support in the use of the stereomicroscope.

References

  • W. A. Khan, P. Varanusupakul, H. Ul Haq, M. B. Arain, G. Boczkaj, Applications of Nanosorbents in Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction/Microextraction Approaches for Monitoring of Synthetic Dyes in Various Types of Samples: A review. Microchemical Journal, 208, 112419-112429, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2024.112419.
  • M. N. A. M. Alkhafaji, M. R. A. Mogaddam, M. A. Farajzadeh, S. M. Sorouraddin, Density Tunable Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction of Four Organochlorine Pesticides from Edible Oil Sample Using Rhodamine B as a Sorbent Prior to GC-MS Analysis. Journal of Chromatography A, 1740, 465536-465544, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465536.
  • M. Hosseini, B. Ghanbarzadeh, A. Pezeshki, M. R. A. Mogaddam, Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction of Four Phthalate Esters as Plastic Packaging Plasticizers from Fruit Juice Samples Using Ternary Metallic-Organic Framework Composite Before Their Determination with Gas Chromatography. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 140, 107227-107235, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2025.107227.
  • A. T. Bişgin, Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Brilliant Blue and Tartrazine in Diverse Sample Matrices After Solid Phase Extraction. Journal of AOAC International, 103 (6), 1478-1485, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa056
  • B. Cui, Z. Yan, N. Bu, L. Liang, W. Yao, S. Wang, J. Cui, W. Yan, L. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yuan, L. Xia, Bio-inspired Porous Adsorbents with Lotus-Leaf-Like Hierarchical Structures and Mussel Adhesive Surfaces for High-Capacity Removal of Toxic Dyes. Environmental Research, 268, 120776-120785, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.120776.
  • I. E. Uflyand, V. A. Zhinzhilo, V. O. Nikolaevskaya, B. I. Kharisov, C. M. O. Gonzalez, O. V. Kharissova, Recent Strategies to Improve MOF Performance in Solid Phase Extraction of Organic Dyes. Microchemical Journal, 168, 106387-106411, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2021.106387.
  • A. H. Jawad, R. A. Maharani, A. Hapiz, Z. A. ALOthman d, L. D. Wilson, A Comparison of Freeze- and Air-Dried Chitosan Salicylaldehyde/Calcium Oxide Biocomposites for Optimized Removal of Acid Red 88 Dye. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 292, 139165-139179, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.139165.
  • D. Jaspal, S. Malhotra, A. Malviya, Column Studies for the Adsorption of Brilliant Green, Fast Green FCF and Phenol Red Dyes on De-Oiled Soya and Bottom. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 24(11), 5082-5086, 2012.
  • Y. Sürme, O. B. Demirci, Determination of Direct Violet 51 Dye in Water Based on Its Decolorisation by Electrochemical Treatment. Chemical Papers, 68(11), 1491–1497, 2014. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11696-014-0616-9.
  • A. T. Bişgin, Y. Sürme, M. Uçan, İ. Narin, Simultaneous Preconcentration and Determination of Rhodamine B and Brillant Blue, Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 44, 695-705, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-020-00892-6.
  • T. Robinson, B. Chandran, P. Nigam. Studies on Desorption of Individual Textile Dyes and A Synthetic Dye Effluent from Dye-Adsorbed Agricultural Residues Using Solvents. Bioresource Technology, 84, 299–301, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00039-1.
  • A. Mittal, D. Kaur, J. Mittal, Batch and Bulk Removal of a Triarylmethane Dye, Fast Green FCF, from Wastewater by Adsorption Over Waste Materials. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 163, 568–577, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.005.
  • S. Zarabi, R. Heydari, S. Z. Mohammadi, Dispersive Micro-solid Phase Extraction in Micro-channel. Microchemical Journal, 170, 106676-106681, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2021.106676.
  • I. Safarik, S. Mullerova, K. Pospiskova, Semiquantitative Determination of Food Acid Dyes by Magnetic Textile Solid Phase Extraction Followed by Image Analysis. Food Chemistry, 274, 215-219, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.125.
  • A. Chisvert, S. Cardenas, R. Lucena, Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 112, 226–233, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.005.
  • R. Heydari, M. R. D. Bazvand, Ultrasound-Assisted Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Coupled with Reversed-Phase Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for Determination of Vitamin C in Various Matrices. Food Analytical Methods, 12(9), 1949–1956, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01547-y.
  • L. Jiang, Y. Li, X. Yang, C. Z. Jin, W. B. Zhang, Ultrasound-assisted Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction for Promoting Enrichment of ng L-1 level Hg2+ on Ionic Liquid Coated Magnetic Materials, Analytica Chimica Acta, 1181, 338906-339005, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2021.338906.
  • K. Jamshidi-Ghaleh, S. Salmani, M. H. M. Ara, Nonlinear Responses and Optical Limiting Behavior of Fast Green FCF Dye Under a Low Power CW He–Ne Laser Irradiation. Optics Communications, 271, 551–554, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2006.10.037.
  • S. Abdi, M. Nasiri, Removal of Fast Green FCF Dye From Aqueous Solutions using Flower Gel as a Low-cost Adsorbent. Water Science & Technology, 77 (5), 1213–1221, 2018. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.633.
  • S. Sawant, K. Lalge, S. Labade, N. Khengre, A. Burungale, Effective Removal and Recovery of Fast Green FCF Dye from Wastewater using Green Adsorbent. International Journal of Applied Chemistry, 13(2), 341-351, 2017.
  • A. Mittal, D. Kaur, J. Mittal, Batch studies for the removal of a hazardous dye, Fast Green FCF from wastewater through adsorption over waste materials bottom ash and de-oiled soya. Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12 th World Lake Conference: pp. 952-959, 2008.
  • A. Kumar, M. Paliwal, R. Ameta, S.C. Ameta, Oxidation of Fast Green FCF by the Solar Photo-Fenton Process. Journal of The Iranian Chemical Society, 5(2), 346-351, 2008.
  • J. Pooralhossini, M. Ghaedi, M. A. Zanjanchi, A. Asfaram, Ultrasonically Assisted Removal of Congo Red, Phloxine B and Fast Green FCF in Ternary Mixture using Novel Nanocomposite Following Their Simultaneous Analysis by Derivative Spectrophotometry. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 37, 452-463, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.01.038.
  • E. Forgacsa, T. Cserhatia, G. Oros, Removal of Synthetic Dyes from Wastewaters: A Review. Environment International 30, 953– 971, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2004.02.001
  • A. Emini, O. Seyyar, Y. Sürme, Biosorption of Ni (II), Pb (II), and Cu (II) metal ions on the chitin isolated from spider species of Drassodes lapidosus. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 48, 286-295, 2024. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3183
  • D. Özkır, The Electrochemical Variation of a Kind of Protein Staining and Food Dye as a New Corrosion Inhibitor on Mild Steel in Acidic Medium. International Journal of Electrochemistry, 1, 1-11, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5743952.
  • Y. Sürme, Highly Selective Separation and Preconcentration of Lead as its Fast Green FCF Complex by Cloud Point Extraction. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science, 46, 121–127, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40995-021-01221-1.
  • S. Ramalakshmi, K. Muthuchelian, K. Swaminathan, Comparative Studies on Removal of Fast Green Dye from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbon Prepared from Gloriosa superba Waste and Alternaria Raphani Fungal Biomass. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5 (4), 222-231, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3923/jest.2012.222.231.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Chemical Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yavuz Sürme 0000-0003-4368-6658

Gizem Kahve Yıldırım 0000-0002-3895-6812

Publication Date July 30, 2025
Submission Date July 1, 2025
Acceptance Date July 23, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

IEEE Y. Sürme and G. Kahve Yıldırım, “Ultrasound-assisted d-SPE of Fast Green FCF on chitin bio-adsorbent prior to spectrophotometric determination”, (EJSET), vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 89–94, 2025, doi: 10.55696/ejset.1732523.