Soil properties and grape yield of vineyard as affected by sawdust addition in a semi-arid region

Abstract

Due to its high organic matter content, sawdust can be used for soil amendment. This study investigated the effect of sawdust obtained from a furniture industry (Yildiz Integre Akhisar flakeboard) on grape yield and loam texture soil (Typic Xerofluvent) properties of a vineyard located in Saruhanlı District, Manisa, Turkey. In the trial, three groups with dry sawdust (10 t ha-1, 20 t ha-1; 30 t ha-1) was added to plots of vineyard while 0 t ha-1 or without sawdust addition was set up as a control group. All the 4 treatments were replicated three times (4×3). Sawdust addition resulted in significant increase (p <0.05) of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, electrical conductivity (EC), available Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, P, K, and Mn contents, moisture, saturation percentage, field capacity, wilting point, available water and aggregation percentage values compared with control group. Also, the soil pH, bulk density, and dispersion percentage significantly decreased with sawdust addition. However, there was no significant change in lime, available Cu contents, structure stability index, aggregate stability of the soil with sawdust addition. Compared with control group, addition of 20 t ha-1 and 30 t ha-1 of dry sawdust significantly increased the grape yield of the vineyard. The highest yield of 4.23 t ha-1 was recorded with 30 t ha-1 sawdust addition. Sawdust can be used as a soil amendment given its positive effects on some soil properties and grape yield of the vineyard. It is suggested that nitrogen immobilization from the soil by microorganisms due to sawdust’s high C/N ratio is a key consideration for its future use.

Keywords

• Grape yield
• loam texture soil
• sawdust
• semi-arid region

References

1. Aggelides, S.M., Londra, P.A., 2000. Effects of compost produced from town wastes and sewage sludge on the physical properties of a loamy and a clay soil. Bioresource Technology 71(3): 253-259.
2. Allison, F.E., 1965. Decomposition of wood and bark sawdusts in soil, nitrogen requirements, and effects on plants. USDA Agricultural Research Service, Technical Bulletin No. 1332. 59p. Available at [Access date: 15.06.2021]: https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/171281/files/tb1332.pdf
3. Allison, F.E., Anderson, M.S., 1951. The use of sawdust for mulches and soil improvement. USDA Agricultural Research Service, Technical Bulletin No. 891. 19p.
4. Alvarenga, P., Palma, P., Mourinha, C., Farto, M., Dôres, J., Patanita, M., Cunha-Queda, C., Natal-da-Luz, T., Renaud, M., Sousa, J. P., 2017. Recycling organic wastes to agricultural land as a way to improve its quality : A field study to evaluate benefits and risks. Waste Management 61: 582‑592.
5. Awodun, M., 2007. Influence of sawdust ash on soil chemical properties and cowpea performance in Southwest Nigeria. International Journal of Soil Science 2 (1): 78-81.
6. Barzegar, A. R., Yousefi, A., Daryashenas, A., 2002. The effect of addition of different amounts and types of organic materials on soil physical properties and yield of wheat. Plant and Soil 247: 295-301.
7. Black, C.A, 1965. Methods of soil analysis. Part I, Physical and Mineralogical Properties. American Society of Agronomy. Madison, Wisconsin, USA. 1572 p.
8. Bremner, J.M., 1965. Total Nitrogen. In: Method of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Black, C.A. et al. (Eds.) American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 1149-1178.

9. Bryan, R.B., 1968. The development, use and efficiency of indices of soil erodibility. Geoderma 2(1): 5-26.
10. Candemir, F., Gülser, C., 2010. Effects of different agricultural wastes on some soil quality ındexes in clay and loamy sand fields. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 42 (1): 13-28.
11. Cercioglu, M., Okur, B., Delibacak, S., Ongun, A.R., 2014. Changes in physical conditions of a coarse textured soil by addition of organic wastes. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 3(1): 7 -12.
12. Chiroma, A.M., Folorunso, O.A., Alhassan, A.B., 2006. The effects of land configuration and wood-shavings mulch on the properties of a sandy loam soil in Northeast Nigeria. 1. Changes in chemical properties. Tropicultura 24(3): 129-134.
13. Climate, 2019. İklim Sarunhalı (Türkiye). Available at [Access date: 06.04.2019]: https://tr.climate-data.org/asya/tuerkiye/manisa/ saruhanl%C4%B1-19321/
14. Çoban, H., Deği̇rmenci̇, A., Zi̇nci̇rci̇uğlu, N., 2016. Determination of soil fertility status of vineyard in Akhisar-Gölmarmara districts. Turkish journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences 3(3): 211-217. [in Turkish]
15. Delibacak, S., Ongun, A. R., 2016. Influence of composted tobacco waste and farmyard manure applications on the yield and nutrient composition of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Capitata). Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 5(2): 132-138.
16. Demir, Z., Gülser, C., 2015. Effects of rice husk compost application on soil quality parameters in greenhouse conditions. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science 4(3): 185-190.
17. Eibisch, N., Durner, W., Bechtold, M., Fuß, R., Mikutta, R., Woche, S. K., Helfrich, M., 2015. Does water repellency of pyrochars and hydrochars counter their positive effects on soil hydraulic properties? Geoderma 245-246: 31-39.
18. EPA, 2018. Wood Waste Inventory: Final Report. EPA/600/R-18/262. Available at [Access date: 15.03.2019]: https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_file_download.cfm?p_download_id=537332&Lab=NRMRL
19. Eyüpoğlu, F., 1999. Türkiye topraklarının verimlilik durumu. KHGM Toprak ve Gübre Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayını Teknik Yayın No: T-67, Genel Yayın No: 220. Ankara. [in Turkish].
20. FAOSTAT, 2019. FAO Statistics. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at [Access date: 15.03.2019]: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home
21. Gali, E.A.M., 2011. Short-term effects of Sawdust on Some Sandy Soil Properties and on Performance of Maize (Zea mays L.). MSc thesis. University of Khartoum, Faculty of Agriculture, Khartoum, Sudan. 74 p. Available at [Access date: 15.03.2019]: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/71673145.pdf
22. Hannah, H., 2007. The nutrient cycle : Closing the loop. Seacourt, Buckingham, UK, 48 p.
23. Hunt, N., Gilkes, R., 1992. Farm Monitoring Handbook. UWA Publishing, Perth, Australia.
24. Jackson, M.L., 1967. Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, India. 498p.
25. Johnson, W.A., 1944. The effect of sawdust on the production tomatoes and fall potatoes and on certain soil factors affecting plant growth. American Society for Horticultural Science 44: 407- 412.
26. Kacar, B., 1995. Bitki ve toprağın kimyasal analizleri III-Toprak Analizleri., A.Ü. Ziraat Fak. Eğitim Araştırma ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yayınları, Yayın No: 3, Ankara. 705 s. [in Turkish]
27. Kemper, W.D., Rosenau, R.C., 1986. Aggregate stability and size distribution. In: Methods of soil analysis Part 1 Physical and mineralocigal methods. Klute, A. (Ed.). 2nd Ed., SSSA Book Series No: 5, ASA- SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 425-442.
28. Khaleel, R., Reddy, K.R., Overcash, M.R., 1981. Changes in soil physical properties due to organic waste applications: a review. Journal of Environmental Quality 10(2): 133-141.
29. Khan, A., Ahmad, M., Avais, M.A., Kanwal, S., 2006. Relationships of soil texture and organic matter with available potassium and saturation percentage of soils. Pakistan Journal of Soil Science 23: 67-74.
30. Krull, E.S., Skjemstad, J.O., Baldock, J.A., 2004. Functions of Soil Organic Matter and the Effect on Soil Properties. Grains Research & Development Corporation, GRDC Project No. CSO 00029. Available at [Access date: 15.03.2019]: https://grdc.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/212034/functions-of-soil-organic-matter-and-the-effect-on-soil-properties.pdf.pdf
31. Lindsay, W.L., Norvell, W.A., 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, ıron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal 42(3): 421-428.
32. Medrano, H., Tomás, M., Martorell, S., Escalona, J.-M., Pou, A., Fuentes, S., Flexas, J., Bota, J., 2015. Improving water use efficiency of vineyards in semi-arid regions. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35(2): 499-517.
33. Merken, Ö., Önder, S., 2014. Ege bölgesi bağ alanlarina ait toprakların bazı fiziksel özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi 1(1): 1101-1102. [in Turkish]
34. Moyin-Jesu, E.I., 2007. Use of plant residues for improving soil fertility, pod nutrients, root growth and pod weight of okra (Abelmoschus esculentum L). Bioresource Technology 98(11): 2057‑2064.
35. Murphy, B.W., 2014. Soil organic matter and soil function – Review of the literature and underlying data. Department of the Environment, Canberra, Australia. 155p.
36. Mylavarapu, R.S., Zinati, G.M. ,2009. Improvement of soil properties using compost for optimum parsley production in sandy soils. Scientia Horticulturae 120(3): 426‑430.
37. Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1996. Total carbon and soil organic matter. In: Methods of soil analysis. Part 3, Chemical Methods. Sparks, D.L. Page, A.L., Helmke, P.A., Loeppert, R.H., Soltanpour, P.N., Tabatabai, M.A., Johnston, C.T., Sumner, M.E. (Eds.). American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America. Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp. 961-1010.
38. Olayinka, A., Adebayo, A., 1985. The effect of methods of application of sawdust on plant growth, plant nutrient uptake and soil chemical properties. Plant and Soil 86(1): 47‑56.
39. Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S., Dean, L.A., 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Circular No 939, USA, 19p.
40. Richards, L.A., 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soil. US Salinity Lab. Staff, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Handbook 60. Washington DC, USA. 160p.
41. Romano, N., Santini, A., 2002. Measurement of water retention: field methods. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4 Physical Methods. Dane, J.H., Topp, G.C. (Eds.). SSSA Book Series N.5, Madison, WI, USA. pp.721-738.
42. Sağlam, M.T., 1997. Toprak Kimyası. Trakya Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayın 190. Ders Kitabi No:21. [in Turkish].
43. Sawada, K., Funakawa, S., Toyota, K., Kosaki, T., 2015. Potential nitrogen immobilization as influenced by available carbon in Japanese arable and forest soils. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 61(6): 917‑926.
44. Smith, J.L., Doran, J.W., 1997. Measurement and use of pH and electrical conductivity for soil quality analysis. In: Methods for assessing soil quality Doran, J.W., Jones, A.J. (Eds.). Soil Science Society of America, Inc. Volume 49, Madison, WI, USA. pp. 169-185.
45. Soil Survey Staff, 1951. Soil survey manual. Agricultural Research Administration, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Handbook No.18, Washington, USA. 503p.
46. Stevenson, F.J., 1982. Humus chemistry: Genesis, composition, reactions. John Wiley and Sons: New York, USA. 443p.
47. Tavali, İ.E., Maltaş, A. Ş., Uz, İ., Kaplan, M., 2013. The effect of vermicompost on yield, quality and nutritional status of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 26(2): 115-120. [in Turkish].
48. Tran, H.M, 2005. Quantifying the effects of sawdust application on soil chemical and physical properties and corn yield. McS Thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA. 112p. Available at [Access date: 15.03.2019]: https://trace.tennessee.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3801&context=utk_gradthes
49. Turgut, B., Aksakal, E.L., 2010. Effects of sorghum residues and farmyard manure applications on soil erodibility parameters. Artvin Çoruh University Faculty of Forestry Journal 11(1): 1-10. [in Turkish].
50. Turk, L.M., 1943. The effect of sawdust on plant growth. Turk, L. M. 1943. The effect of sawdust on plant growth. Michigan Agricultural Station Quarterly Bulletin 26(1):10-22.
51. Viljoen, J.A., Fred, E.B., 1924. The effect of different kinds of wood and of wood pulp cellulose on plant growth. Soil Science 17: 199-211.
52. Yagmur, B., Aydın, S., Okur, B., Coban, H., Simsek, H., 2014. Quality parameters of vineyard ırrigatıon water ın a semi-arid region: The plain of Alasehir, Turkey. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 23: 2650-2655.
53. Yağmur, B., Okur, B., 2018. Ege bölgesi salihli ilçesi bağ plantasyonlarının verimlilik durumları ve ağır metal içerikleri. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 15(1): 111-122. [in Turkish].
54. Yildirim, H. T., 2012. Industrial wood production and consumption in Turkey and some future projections. African Journal of Business Management 6(6): 2261-2266.