Influence of the biochar on petroleum hydrocarbon degradation intensity and ecological condition of Haplic Chernozem

Abstract

It was evaluated the impact of biochar on the petroleum hydrocarbons degradation intensity and the ecological condition of Haplic Chernozem. The study was conducted in the model experiment conditions with Haplic Chernozem contaminated with 5% of petroleum hydrocarbons with application of 10 and 20% biochar. The number of soil bacteria, the activity of catalase and dehydrogenases, germination ability and radish root and shoot length, soil respiration considered to evaluate biological activity. It has been established that 10% biochar application led to intensification of petroleum hydrocarbons degradation up to 17% compare to contaminated soil. Upon adding 10% biochar the СО2 emission increased up to 70-85% on the 18-19th days, then reduced by the 28-30th days till soil emission with the application of biochar in the amount of 20% from soil mass. Activity of dehydrogenases of Haplic Chernozem were stimulated after application of 10% biochar up to 49% compared to control. Biochar application in the doses of 10 and 20% increased the number of soil bacteria up to 209 and 203%, respectively. Application of 20% biochar intensified the germination and early growth of radish seeds. The germination ability, length of radish shoots and roots increased to 44, 66 and 44%, respectively, compare to control. The biochar application in petroleum contaminated soil increased the activity of catalase, dehydrogenases and the number of soil bacteria. Biochar using in doses 10% and 20% contributes to acceleration of petroleum hydrocarbons degradation and improvement of the soil ecological condition.

Keywords

• Biochar
• petroleum hydrocarbons contamination
• soil
• bioremediation
• residual content of petroleum hydrocarbons

References

1. Abbaspour, A., Zohrabi, F., Dorostkar, V., Faz, A., Acosta, J.A., 2020. Remediation of an oil-contaminated soil by two native plants treated with biochar and mycorrhizae. Journal of Environmental Management 254: 109755.
2. Al-Mansoory, A.F., Idris, M., Abdullah, S.R.S., Anuar, N., 2017. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils containing gasoline using Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) in greenhouse pots. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24: 11998–12008.
3. Doumer, M.E., Rigol, A., Vidal, M., Mangrich, A.S., 2016. Removal of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn from aqueous solutions by biochars. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23: 2684–2692.
4. Downie, A., Crosky, A., Munroe, P., 2009. Physical properties of biochar. In: Lehmann, J., Joseph, S. (Eds.). Biochar for Environmental Management: Science and Technology. Earthscan, London. pp. 13–32.
5. Galstyan, A.S., 1961. Soil respiration as one of the indicators of its biological activity. Biological Sciences 4: 33-44. [in Russian]
6. Galstyan, A.S., 1978. Unification of methods for studying the activity of soil enzymes. Eurasian Soil Science 2: 107-114. [in Russian]
7. García-Delgado, C., Alfaro-Barta, I., Eymar, E., 2015. Combination of biochar amendment and mycoremediation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons immobilization and biodegradation in creosote-contaminated soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials 285: 259–266.
8. GOST 7657-84, 1984. GOST: State Standard. Charcoal. Specifications. Izd. Standartov, Moscow, 10p. [in Russian]

9. Han, T., Zhao, Z., Bartlam, M., Wang, Y., 2016. Combination of biochar amendment and phytoremediation for hydrocarbon removal in petroleum-contaminated soil. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23: 21219-21228.
10. Hung, C.M., Huang, C.P., Hsieh, S.L., Tsai, M.L., Chen, C.W., Dong, C.D., 2020. Biochar derived from red algae for efficient remediation of 4-nonylphenol from marine sediments. Chemosphere 254: 126916.
11. Kadulin, M.S., Smirnova, I.E., Koptsyk, G.N., 2017. The emission of carbon dioxide from soils of the Pasvik nature reserve in the Kola Subarctic. Eurasian Soil Science 50: 1055-1068.
12. Kazeev, K.Sh., Kolesnikov, S.I., Akimenko, Yu.V., Dadenko, E.V., 2016. Biodiagnostic methods of terrestrial ecosystems. SFedU Publishing House, Rostov-on-Don, Russia. [in Russian]
13. Kolesnikov, S.I., Aznauryan, D.K., Kazeev, K.S., Denisova, T.V., 2011. Study of the possibility of using urea and phosphogypsum as ameliorants in oil-contaminated soils in a model experiment. Agrochemistry 9: 77–81.
14. Kolesnikov, S.I., Rotina, E.N., Kazeev, K.S., 2012. Evaluation of the effectiveness of reclamation of lands contaminated with fuel oil by biological indicators. Environment Protection in Oil and Gas Complex 2: 30–37. [in Russian]
15. Leng, L., Huang, H., 2018. An overview of the effect of pyrolysis process parameters on biochar stability. Bioresource Technology 270: 627–642.
16. Lopes, E.M.G., Reis, M.M., Frazгo, L.A., Terra, L.E.M., Lopes, E.F., dos Santos, M.M., Fernandes, L.A., 2021. Biochar increases enzyme activity and total microbial quality of soil grown with sugarcane. Environmental Technology & Innovation 21: 101270.
17. Lu, M., Zhang, Z., Sun, S., Wei, X., Wang, Q., Su, Y., 2010. The use of goosegrass (Eleusine indica) to remediate soil contaminated with petroleum. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 209: 181–189.
18. Malyan, S.K., Singh, R., Rawat, M., Kumar, M., Pugazhendhi, A., Kumar, A., Kumar, V., Kumar, S.S., 2019. An overview of carcinogenic pollutants in groundwater of India. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 21: 101288.
19. ME, 2021. Ministry of Energy. Available at [access date : 19.03.2021]: https://minenergo.gov.ru/node/1209
20. Minnikova, T.V., Kolesnikov, S.I., Kazeev, K.Sh., 219. Impact of ameliorants on the biological condition of oil-contaminated black soil. Soil & Environment 38: 170-180.
21. Minnikova, T.V., Lubentsova, D.V., Kolesnikov, S.I., Kazeev, K.Sh., 2020. Influence of sanitation with humic substances on the biological state of oil-contaminated chernozems. AgroEkoInfo. 1. [in Russian]
22. Mukome, F.N.D., Buelow, M.C., Shang, J., Peng, J., Rodriguez, M., Mackay, D.M., Pignatello, J.J., Sihota, N., Hoelen, T.P., Parikh, S.J., 2020. Biochar amendment as a remediation strategy for surface soils impacted by crude oil. Environmental Pollution 265: 115006.
23. Neftegaz, 2021. Neftegaz. . Available at [access date : 19.03.2021]: https://neftegaz.ru
24. PND F 16.1: 2.2.22-98., 1998. Quantitative chemical analysis of soils. Methods for measuring the mass fraction of petroleum products in mineral, organogenic, organomineral soils and bottom sediments by IR Spectrometry. Available at [access date : 05.02.2021]: https://www.russiangost.com/p-162437-pnd-f-1612222-98.aspx
25. Popova, A.D., Semal, V.A., Brickmans, A.V., Nesterova, O.V., Kolesnikova, Yu.A., Bovsun, M.A., 2019. The use of biochar as an ameliorant and its effect on changing the physical properties of agricultural soils in the south of Primorsky Krai. Bulletin of the Altai State Agrarian University 6: 57-63. [in Russian]
26. Soudejani, H.T., Kazemian, H., Inglezakis, V.J., Zorpas, A.A., 2019. Application of zeolites in organic waste composting: A review. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 22: 101396.
27. Suliman, W., Harsh, J.B., Abu-Lail, N.I., Fortuna, A.M., Dallmeyer, I., Garcia-Perez, M., 2016. Influence of feedstock source and pyrolysis temperature on biochar bulk and surface properties. Biomass and Bioenergy 84: 37–48.
28. Ushachev, I.G., 2017. Strategic directions of sustainable socio-economic development of the agro-industrial complex of Russia (Report to the Presidium of the RAS). M: VNIIES,Kh, 31 p. [in Russian]
29. Volchko, Y., Norrman, J., Bergknut, M., Rosén, L., Söderqvist, T., 2013. Incorporating the soil function concept into sustainability appraisal of remediation alternatives. Journal of Environmental Management 129: 367–376.
30. Wang, J., Wang, S., 2019. Preparation, modification and environmental application of biochar: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production 227: 1002–1022.
31. Wang, M., Zhu, Y., Cheng, L., Andserson, B., Zhao, X., Wang, D., Ding, A., 2018. Review on utilization of biochar for metal-contaminated soil and sediment remediation. Journal of Environmental Sciences 63: 156 – 173.
32. Yagafarova, G.G., Leontyeva, S.V., Safarov, A.Kh., Fedorova, Yu.A., Zainutdinova, E.M., 2016. Features of the process of activation of aboriginal microflora for cleaning the soil from ecotoxicants. Bulletin of the Technological University 19: 205-207.
33. Ye, S.J., Zeng, G.M., Wu, H.P., Zhang, C., Liang, J., Dai, J., Liu, Z., Xiong, W.P., Wan, J., Xu, P., Cheng, M., 2017. Co-occurrence and interactions of pollutants, and their impacts on soil remediation—A review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 47: 1528–1553.
34. Yin, D., Wang, X., Peng, B., Tan, C., Ma, L.Q., 2017. Effect of biochar and Fe-biochar on Cd and As mobility and transfer in soil-rice system. Chemosphere 186: 928–937.
35. Zahed, M.A., Salehi, S., Madadi, R., Hejabi, F., 2021. Biochar as a sustainable product for remediation of petroleum contaminated soil. Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 4, 100055.
36. Zhang, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, X., 2019. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil by petroleum-degrading bacteria immobilized on biochar. RSC Advances 9: 35304-35311.
37. Zhang, H., Tang, J., Wang, L., Liu, J., Gurav, R.G., Sun, K., 2016. A novel bioremediation strategy for petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants using salt tolerant Corynebacterium variabile HRJ4 and biochar. Journal of Environmental Sciences 47: 7–13.