Investigation of soil structure in Uzungöl settlement area by Shallow Seismic Methods

Abstract

This study was performed to relase the soil structure of Uzungöl district of Trabzon city, a vocational area, where had been formed by a historical landslide and lake deposits and to evaluate its geotechnical characters by using seismic methods which are noninvasive, rapidly applicable and provide substantial information about the structure of investigated ground in a short time. For this purpose, seismic refraction, active-passive surface waves and seismic reflections in 16 profiles were gathered on four sub-areas and and evaluated by current favorable numerical methods. Although it considerably varies between profiles, the depth of basement, depositional base of deposits, was averagely obtained as 13.5-15m at upper elevation and 25-50m at lower elevation of the study area. Dynamic elastic parameters and average shear wave velocity of the upper 30m (VS30) of soil in the area were calculated. The soil classification of study area was interpreted as locally Z1 and Z2 class for TEC, B and C class for EC-8 code, C and D class for NERHP. According to VS30 (394-530m/s), ground amplification and predominant vibration period of the study area are respectively obtained as 1.5-2.1 and 0.23-0.30sec. On the other hand, all deposits are characterized by stiffness-solid soil, excluding arable soil from surface to a few meters depth. In addition, the first meters of bedrock shows weathered character, but deeper parts are very compact and hard. Therefore, a scientific infrastructure has been formed to carry out the engineering projects to be planned for Uzungöl settletment safely and without damaging the environment. 

Keywords

• Uzungöl,Landslide,Soil Structure,Shallow Seismic Methods

References

1. Alkan, S., 1996. Uzungöl’e taşınan yığıntı materyalin tespiti ve taşınan materyal ile gölün dolmasını engelleyen önlemler üzerine bir araştırma, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Yük. Lis. tezi, Trabzon. [in Turkish]
2. Azwin, I.N, Saad, R., Nordiana, M., 2013. Applying the seismic refraction tomography for site characterization, 4th International Conference on Environmental Science and Development ICESD 2013. APCBEE Procedia 5: 227-231.
3. Boominathan, A., Dodagoudar, G., Suganthi, A., Uma Maheswari, R., 2007. Seismic hazard assessment considering local site effects for microzonation studies of Chennai city. In: Proceedings of Microzonation. A workshop at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, pp. 94–104. Available at: [Access date: 10.07.2016] http://civil.iisc.ernet.in/~microzonation/workshop_files/paper%2011.pdf
4. BSSC (Building Seismic Safety Council), 1997. NEHRP recommended provisions for seismic regulations for new buildings and other structures: Part 1, Provisions (FEMA 302). Building Seismic Safety Council. 334 p. Available at: [Access date: 10.07.2016] http://www.nehrp.gov/pdf/fema450provisions.pdf
5. Bulut, F., 1989. Çambaşı (Trabzon-Çaykara) barajı ve Uzungöl hidroelektrik santral yerlerinin mühendislik jeolojisi açısından incelenmesi. Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi. Trabzon. [in Turkish]
6. CEN, 2004. Eurocode 8-design of structures for earthquake resistance. Part 1: General rules. (December 2004) Seismic actions and rules for buildings. European Standard EN 1998-1. European committee for standardization, Brussels.
7. Cook, J.C., 1965. Seismic mapping of underground cavities using reflection amplitudes. Geophysics 30(4): 527–538.
8. Coutinho, R. Q., Mayne, P. W., 2012. Geotechnical and geophysical site characterization 4. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

9. DSİ, 1982. Of Solaklı projesi Uzungöl 1 ünitesi mühendislik jeolojisi raporu (planlama aşaması ), Devlet Su İşleri 22. Bölge Müdürlüğü, Trabzon, [in Turkish]
10. Kritikakis, G.S., Vafidis, A., 2011. Different alternatives of surface waves data ınversion. Applications on environmental and geotechnical case studies. 6th Congress of the Balkan Geophysical Society, 3-6 October 2011. Budapest, Hungary.
11. MTA, 1985. Arşiv, Trabzon Çaykara Uzungöl (Şerah) yöresinin jeolojik haritası, Maden Tetkik Arama Trabzon Bölge Müdürlüğü, Trabzon. [in Turkish]
12. Park, C.B., Miller, R.D., Xia, J., 1999. Multichannel analysis of surface waves, Geophysics 64(3): 800–808.
13. Poormirzaee, R., Moghadam, R.H., 2014. Determination of S-Wave structure via refraction microtremor technique in urban area: A case study. Journal of Tethys 2(4): 347 356.
14. Pullammanappallil, S.K., Louie, J.N., 1997. A combined first-arrival travel time and reflection coherency optimization approach to velocity estimation, Geophysical Research Letters 24(5): 511-514.
15. Rehman, F., El-Hady, S.M., Atef, A.H., Harbi, H.M., 2016. Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) for seismic site characterization using 2D genetic algorithmat Bahrah area, Wadi Fatima, Saudi Arabia. Arabian Journal of Science 9: 519-532.
16. Steeples, D.W., Miller, R.D., 1990. Seismic-reflection methods applied to engineering, environmental, and ground-water problems. In: Investigations in geophysics: Geotechnical and environmental geophysics: Volume I: Review and Tutorial Ward, S. (Ed.), No.5 , Society of Exploration Geophysicst pp. 1–30.
17. TEC, 2007. Türk Deprem Yönetmeliği. Deprem bölgelerinde yapılacak binalar hakkında esaslar. AFAD Deprem Dairesi Başkanlığı, Ankara. p. 159. [in Turkish]
18. Uyanık, O., Ekinci, B., Uyanık, N.A., 2013. Liquefaction analysis from seismic velocities and determination of lagoon limits Kumluca/Antalya example. Journal of Applied Geophysics 95: 90-103.
19. Xia, J., Miller, R.D., Park, C.B., 1999. Estimation of near-surface shear-wave velocity by inversion of Rayleigh wave, Geophysics 64(3): 691-700.
20. Yeşilyurt, C., 2002, Uzungöl yöresi rekreasyon kaynaklarının coğrafi yönden değerlendirilmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Çanakkale. [in Turkish]