Surface charge is a function of organic carbon content and mineralogical compositions of soil

Abstract

A study of the distribution of the electric charges in the surface horizons of two highly weathered soils Fluvaquent and Haplaquept of West Bengal, India was made by direct measurement of adsorption of ions in the presence of varying concentration of electrolyte. The objective of this study was to evaluate charge properties of two highly weathered soil of India. The results show that pH₀ varies with soil according to the variation in organic carbon and sesquioxide/allophone content. Organic carbon strongly affects the variation of negative charge with pH, but sesquioxide/allophone is responsible for positive charge variation. Results used the difference between the soil pH values measured in 1M KCl and in water for estimating the point zero charge of the soil and ΔpH values estimating the net surface charge character. Surface charges is a function of organic carbon, clay content, composition of clay and amount of Fe, Al and there oxides.

Keywords

• Soil surface charge,organic matter,clay content,mineralogical composition

References

1. Bertsch, P.M., Bloom, P.R., 1996. Aluminum. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part.3- Chemical Methods. Sparks, D.L.
2. Page, A.L., Helmke, P.A., Loeppert, R.H., Soltanpour, P.N., Tabatabai, M.A., Johnston, C.T., Sumner, M.E. (Eds.). American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp.517-550.
3. Carvalho, J.L.N., Cerri, C.E.P., Feigl, B.J., Piccolo, M.C., Godinho, V.P., Cerri, C.C., 2009. Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils in the cerrado region of the Brazilian Amazon. Soil Tillage Research 103(2): 342-349.
4. Chapman, H. D., 1965. Cation exchange capacity. In: Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2 - Chemical and Microbiological
5. Properties. Black, C.A., Evans, D.D., Ensminger, L.E., White, J.L., Clark, F.E. (Eds.). American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp.891-901.
6. Chorover, J., Amistadi, M., Chadwick, O.A., 2004. Surface charge evolution of mineral-organic complexes during pedogenesis in Hawaiian basalt. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68(23): 4859–4876.
7. Clarke, F.E., 1950. Determination of chloride in water. Analytical Chemistry 22: 553-555.
8. Espinoza, W., Gast, R.G., Adams, R.S., Jr 1975. Charge characteristics and nitrate retention by two Andepts from South-Central Chile. Soil Science Society of America Journal 39(5): 842-846.

9. Gallez, A.,Juo, A.S.R., Herbillon, A.J., 1976. Surface and charge charactenstics of selected soils in the tropics. Soil Science Society of America Journal 40(4): 601-608.
10. Gee, G.W., Bauder, J.W., 1986. Particle Size Analysis. In: Methods of Analysis Part 1 - Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Klute, A. (Ed.). American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp.383-411.
11. Mc Bride, M.B., Wesselink, L.G., 1988. Chemisorption of catechol on gibbsite, boehmite and noncrystalline alumina surfaces. Environmental Science and Technology 22(6): 703-708.
12. Mekaru, T., Uehara, G., 1972. Anion adsorption in Ferruginous tropical soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 36(2): 296-300.
13. Morais, F.I., Page, A.L., Lund, L.J., 1976. The effect of pH, salt concentration, and nature of electrolytes on the charge characteristics of Brazilian tropical soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 40(4): 521– 527.
14. National Soil Survey Center, 1996. Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual: Soil Survey Investigation Report No. 42. Version 3.0. Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture, U.S. Goverment Printing Office. 1996-756-515, USA
15. Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1996. Total carbon and soil organic matter. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part.3- Chemical Methods. Sparks, D.L. Page, A.L., Helmke, P.A., Loeppert, R.H., Soltanpour, P.N., Tabatabai, M.A., Johnston, C.T., Sumner, M.E. (Eds.). American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. pp.961-1010.
16. Oorts, K., Vanlauwe, B., Cofie, O.O., Sanginga, N., Merckx, R., 2000. Charge Characteristics of Soil organic matter fractions in a Ferric Lixisol under some multipurpose trees. Agroforestry System 48(2): 169-188.
17. Parks, G. A., 1967. Aqueous surface chemistry of oxides and complex oxide minerals.Isoelectric point and zero point of charge: inEqilibrium concepts in Natural water system. Advances in Chemistry 67: 121-160.
18. Schofield, R.K., 1949. Effect of pH on electric charges carried by clay particles. Journal of Soil Science 1(1): 1-8.
19. Sparks, D.L. Page, A.L., Helmke, P.A., Loeppert, R.H., Soltanpour, P.N., Tabatabai, M.A., Johnston, C.T., Sumner, M.E., 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part.3- Chemical Methods. American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
20. Sparks, D.L., 2002. Environmental Soil Chemistry, 2nd Edition Academic Press, San Diego, USA. 259p.
21. Sposito, G., 2008. The Chemistry of Soils. Oxford University Press, New York, USA. 247p.
22. Van Olphan, H., 1977. An Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry, Second edition, Wiley, USA. 301p.
23. Van Raij, B., Peech, M., 1972. Electrochemical properties of some oxisols and alfisols of the tropics. Soil Science Society of America Journal 36(4): 587-593.