Some soil biological and chemical properties as affected by biofertilizers and organic ameliorants application on paddy rice

Abstract

Biofertilizers are compounds that contain microorganisms capable of increasing the nutrient availability to plants and increasing plant growth rate. The purpose of this research is to study the effects of biofertilizers and organic ameliorants on some of soil bio-chemical properties. The pot experiment was conducted at the field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran Indonesia. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block complete design format consisting of twelve treatments and three replications. The experiment consisted of control, solid biofertilizer (50 kg ha-1), liquid biofertilizer (5 L ha-1), a combination of solid biofertilizers (50 kg ha-1) with organic ameliorants (10t ha-1) (composted straw, biochar and cow manure), a combination of liquid biofertilizer (5 L ha-1) and organic ameliorants (10 t ha-1), and each of ameliorants (10 t ha-1) independently. The results of experiment revealed that the application of solid biofertilizers and organic ameliorants significantly improved some soil biological properties (population of phosphate solubilizing microbes, N-fixing bacteria and phosphatase activity) and increased some soil chemical properties such as total N, available P, organic C and cation exchange capacity.

Keywords

• Ameliorant
• biofertilizers
• phosphatase activity
• soil
• microorganism

References

1. Ajema, L., 2018. Effects of biochar application on beneficial soil organism Review. International Journal of Research Studies in Science, Engineering and Technology 5(5): 9-18.
2. Arabi, Z., Eghtedaey, H., Gharehchmaghloo, B., Faraji, A., 2018. Effects of biochar and bio-fertilizer on yield and qualitative properties of soybean and some chemical properties of soil. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 11: 672.
3. Bargaz, A., Lyamlouli, K., Chtouki, M., Zeroual, Y., Dhiba, D., 2018. Soil microbial resources for improving fertilizers efficiency in an integrated plant nutrient management system. Frontiers in Microbiology 9: 1606.
4. Bhardwaj, D., Ansari, M.W., Sahoo, R.K., Tuteja, N., 2014. Biofertilizers function as key player in sustainable agriculture by improving soil fertility, plant tolerance and crop productivity. Microbial Cell Factories 13: 66.
5. Chang, EH., Chung, R.S., Tsai, Y.H., 2007. Effect of different application rates of organic fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and microbial population. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 53(2): 132–140.
6. Dębska, B., Długosz, J., Piotrowska-Długosz, A., Banach-Szott, M., 2016. The impact of a bio-fertilizer on the soil organic matter status and carbon sequestration—results from a field-scale study. Journal of Soils and Sediments 16: 2335–2343.
7. Eivazi, F., Tabatabai, M.A., 1977. Phosphatase in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 9(3): 167–172.
8. Fitriatin, B.N., Fauziah, D., Fitriani, F.N., Ningtyas, D.N., Suryatmana, P., Hindersah, R., Setiawati, M.R., Simarmata, T., 2020. Biochemical activity and bioassay on maize seedling of selected indigenous phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from the acid soil ecosystem. Open Agriculture 5(1): 300–304.

9. Fitriatin, B.N., Khumairah, F.H., Setiawati, M.R., Suryatmana, P., Hindersah, R., Nurbaity, A., Herdiyantoro, D., Simarmata, T., 2018. Evaluation of biofertilizer consortium on rice at different salinity levels. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences 201(4): 1108-1112.
10. Głuszek, S., Sas-Paszt, L., Sumorok, B., Kozera, R., 2017, Biochar-rhizosphere interactions – a Review. Polish Journal of Microbiology 66 (2): 151–161
11. Islam, R.Md., Sultana, T., Joe, M.M., Yim, W., Cho, J.C., Sa, T., 2013. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria with multiple plant growth-promoting activities enhance growth of tomato and red pepper. Journal of Basic Microbiology 53(12): 1004-1015.
12. Kalayu, G., 2019. Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms: promising approach as biofertilizers. International Journal of Agronomy Article ID 4917256.
13. Laxman, T., Ramprakash, A., Kumar, K., Srinivas, A., 2017. Biofertilizer consortia and foliar nutrition effect on rainfed Bt cotton soils enzyme activity. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 5(4): 582-585.
14. Mijwel, A.K., 2018. Organic and bio-fertilizers and their effect in some soil and plant variables and potato yield. Plant Archives 18(2): 2340-2344.
15. Narayan, R., Gupta, N.C., Shahi, D.K., 2018. Isolation, morphological and cultural characterization of Azospirillum isolated from rhizospheric soils of various non-leguminous crops of Ranchi having acidic pH. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7(8): 329-338.
16. Nautiyal, C.S., 1999. An efficient microbiological growth medium for screening phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. FEMS Microbiology Letters 170(1): 265-270.
17. Piccinin, G.G., Braccini, A.L., Lilian, G.M., Scapim, C.A., Ricci, T.T., Bazo, G.L., 2013. Efficiency of seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on agronomic characteristics and yield of wheat. Industrial Crops and Products 43: 393-397.
18. Rahmansyah, M., Antonius, S., 2015. Effect of compost and biofertilizer to soil phosphatase and urease activities in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) cultivation. Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 11(1): 131-140.
19. Rodrigues, P.E., Rodrigues, L.S., de Oliveira, A.L.M., Baldani, V.L.D., Teixeira, K.R.S., Urquiaga, S., Reis, V.M., 2008. Azospirillum amazonense inoculation: effects on growth, yield and N2 fixation of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant and Soil 302: 249-361.
20. Salamone, I.E.G., Funes, J.M., Salvo, L.P., Escobar-Ortega, J.S., D’auria, F., Ferrando, L., Fernandez-Scavino, A., 2012. Inoculation of paddy rice with Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens: Impact of plant genotypes on rhizosphere microbial communities and field crop production. Applied Soil Ecology 61: 196-204.
21. Sharma, S.B., Sayyed, R.Z., Trivedi, M.H., Gobi, T.A., 2013. Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. SpringerPlus 2: 587.
22. Soil Survey Staff, 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd Edition. Agriculture Handbook Vol. 435. USDA, NRCS. US Government Printing Office, Washington DC, USA.
23. Somasegaran, P., Hoben, H.J., 1994. Handbook for Rhizobia: Methods in Legume-Rhizobium Technology. Springer-Verlag. New York, USA. 450p.
24. Soni, A., Rokad, S., Sharma, P., 2013. Screening of efficient halotolerant phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their effect on seed germination under saline conditions. Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 2(5): 932-937.
25. Sudadi, Suryono, Triharyanto, E., 2018. The application of biofilm biofertilizer-based organic fertilizer to increase available soil nutrients and spinach yield on dry land (a study case in Lithosol soil type). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science Vol. 200, International Conference on Climate Change (ICCC 2018), 27–28 November 2018, Solo City, Indonesia.
26. Suliasih, Widawati, S., 2017. The effect of biofertilizer combined with organic or ınorganic fertilizer on growth of caesalpinia pulcherrima and bacterial population in soil. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 166, Humanosphere Science School 2017 & The 7th International Symposium for a Sustainable Humanosphere 1–2 November 2017, Bogor, Indonesia.
27. van Reeuwijk, L.P., 2012. Procedures for Soil Analysis. International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC)/ Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations (FAO). 6th Edition. Wageningen. The Netherlands.
28. Ye, L. Zhao, X., Bao, E., Li, J., Zou, Z., Cao, K., 2020. Bio-organic fertilizer with reduced rates of chemical fertilization improves soil fertility and enhances tomato yield and quality. Scientific Reports 10: 177.
29. Zhang, K., Chen, L., Li, Y., Brookes, P.C., Xu, J., Luo, Y., 2017. The effects of combinations of biochar, lime, and organic fertilizer on nitrification and nitrifiers. Biology and Fertility of Soils 53: 77–87.
30. Zulaehah, I., Duri, Wahyuni, S., 2019. Effect of biofertilizer on population of phosphate solubilizing bacteria under green onion cropping. Proceeding of International Workshop and Seminar Innovation of Environmental-Friendly Agricultural Technology Supporting Sustainable Food Self-Sufficiency. 18-20 September 2018, Surakarta, Indonesia. pp.138-146.