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Water stress and soil compaction impacts on clover growth and nutrient concentration

Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 139 - 145, 02.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.2.139-145

Abstract

Soil compaction and insufficient water supply generally decrease crop performance. The effects of varying compaction and water availability levels on the growth of Berseem or Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrimum L.), water use efficiency and nutrient concentration were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of three soil compaction levels (bulk density of 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 Mg m-3), and four water availability treatments (40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of soil field capacity) in a factorial combination. Soil compaction had a significant effect on water use efficiency with the highest (0.32 g l-1) at bulk density of 1.4 Mg m-3 and the lowest at the other bulk densities. Soil compaction had no significant effects on leaf area, shoot, root and total dry masses. Water stress resulted in lower leaf area (from 231 to 153 mm2 pot-1), and the stem lengths were 7.6 cm and 4.3 cm for 80% and 60% of field capacity, respectively. Likewise, the highest (0.47 g pot-1) and lowest (0.33 g pot-1) total dry masses were observed at 80% and 60% field capacities. Water use efficiencies were 0.32 and 0.20 g l-1 for 100% and 60% field capacities, respectively. The accumulation of N, P and K per unit length of roots increased with soil compaction. As the water supply increased, the root and shoot dry weight and water use efficiency increased. Treatment of 100% field capacity resulted in the highest accumulation of N, P and K. Results indicated that the treatment of 80% field capacity and bulk density of 1.4 Mg m-3 provided the best conditions for clover performance, among the applied treatments. This study suggests that sufficient water supply can moderate the adverse effects of soil compaction on clover performance.

References

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  • Arvidsson, J., 1999. Nutrient uptake and growth of barley as affected by soil compaction. Plant and Soil 208: 9–19.
  • Barzegar, A.R., Nadian, H., Heidari, F., Herbert, S.J., Hashemi, A.M. 2006. Interaction of soil compaction, phosphorus and zinc on clover growth and accumulation of phosphorus. Soil and Tillage Research 7: 155-162.
  • Bengough, A.G., Bransby, M.F., Hans, J., McKenna, S.J., Roberts, T.J., Valentine, T.A. 2006. Root responses to soil physical conditions; growth dynamics from field to cell. Journal of Experimental Botany 57: 437–447.
  • Bengough, A.G., McKenzie, B.M., Hallett, P.D., Valentine, T.A. 2011. Root elongation, water stress, and mechanical impedance: a review of limiting stresses and beneficial root tip traits. Journal of Experimental Botany 62(1): 59–68.
  • Bharameh, P.R., Josh, P.S. 1993. Effect of soil water potential on growth, yield and some biochemical changes in sorghum. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 41 (2): 342–343.
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  • Chamen, T., Alakukku, L., Pires, S., Sommer, C., Spoor, G., Tijink, F., Weisskoff, P., 2003. Prevention strategies for field traffic induced subsoil compaction: a review. Part 2. Equipment and field practices. Soil and Tillage Research 73: 161-74.
  • Flowers, M.D., Lal, R., 1998. Axle load and tillage effects on soil physical properties and soybean grain yield on a mollic ochraqualf in northwest Ohio. Soil and Tillage Research 48: 21-35.
  • Gee, G.W., Bauder, J.W., 1986. Particle size analysis. In: Klute, A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1, 2nd ed. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, USA, pp. 377–381.
  • Gregory, P.J. 2006. Roots, rhizosphere, and soil: the route to a better understanding of soil science? European Journal of Soil Science 57: 2– 12.
  • Grzesiak, S., Grzesiak, M.T., Hura, T., Marcińska, I., Rzepka, A. 2013. Changes in root system structure, leaf water potential and gas exchange of maize and triticale seedlings affected by soil compaction. Environmental and Experimental Botany 88: 2-10.
  • Hinsinger, P., Bengough, A.G., Vetterlein, D., Young, I.M. 2009. Rhizosphere: biophysics, biogeochemistry and ecological relevance. Plant and Soil 321: 117–152.
  • Hopkins, W.J. 2004. Introduction to Plant Physiology. Third ed., John Wiley and sons, New York.
  • Lipiec, J., Håkansson I., Tarkiewicz S., Kossowski J. 1991. Soil physical properties and growth of spring barley related to the degree of compactness of two soils. Soil and Tillage Research 19: 307–317.
  • Lipiec, J., V.V. Medvedev, V.V., Birkas, M., Dumitru, E., Lyndina, T.E., Rousseva, S., Fulajtár, E. 2003. Effect of soil compaction on root growth and crop yield in central and Eastern Europe. International Agrophysics 17: 61–69.
  • Logan, T., Goins, J., Jlindsay, B. 1997. Field assessment of trace element uptake by six vegetables from N-viro soil. Water Environmental Research 69: 28-33.
  • Mills, H.A., Jones, B., 1996. Plant Analysis Handbook II. Micro- Macro Publishing, Inc., Athens, GA, pp. 116–119.
  • Nahar, K., Gretzmacher, R. 2002. Effect of water stress on nutrient uptake, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) under subtropical conditions. Die Bodenkultur 53(1): 45-51.
  • Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, D.R. Keeney (Eds.), 2nd ed. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, USA, pp. 539–573.
  • Plaut, Z. 2008. Encyclopedia of Water Science, Second ed., CRC press, pp. 843 -845.
  • Rahman, M.H., Hara, M., Hoque, S. 2005. Growth and nutrient uptake of grain legumes as affected by induced compaction in Andisols. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 7(5): 740-743.
  • Rhoades, J.D., 1982. Soluble salts. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, D.R. Keeney (Eds.), 2nd ed. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, USA, pp. 167–178.
  • Taylor, H.M. 1983. Managing root systems for efficient water use. An overview. In: Limitations to efficient water use in crop production. H.M. Taylor, W.R. Jordan, T.R. Sinclair (Eds.). ASA-CSSA-SSSA- Madison, pp 87-113.
  • Whalley, W.R., Leeds-Harrison, P.B., Clark, L.J., Gowing, D.J.G., 2005. Use of effective stress to predict the penetrometer resistance ofunsaturated agricultural soils. Soil and Tillage Research 84: 18–27.
  • Whitmore, A.P., Whalley, W.R. 2009. Physical effects of soil drying on roots and crop growth. Journal of Experimental Botany 60(10): 2845-2857.
Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 139 - 145, 02.04.2016
https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.2.139-145

Abstract

References

  • American Society for Testing and Materials, 1992. ASTM Standard, Part 19. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.
  • Arvidsson, J., 1999. Nutrient uptake and growth of barley as affected by soil compaction. Plant and Soil 208: 9–19.
  • Barzegar, A.R., Nadian, H., Heidari, F., Herbert, S.J., Hashemi, A.M. 2006. Interaction of soil compaction, phosphorus and zinc on clover growth and accumulation of phosphorus. Soil and Tillage Research 7: 155-162.
  • Bengough, A.G., Bransby, M.F., Hans, J., McKenna, S.J., Roberts, T.J., Valentine, T.A. 2006. Root responses to soil physical conditions; growth dynamics from field to cell. Journal of Experimental Botany 57: 437–447.
  • Bengough, A.G., McKenzie, B.M., Hallett, P.D., Valentine, T.A. 2011. Root elongation, water stress, and mechanical impedance: a review of limiting stresses and beneficial root tip traits. Journal of Experimental Botany 62(1): 59–68.
  • Bharameh, P.R., Josh, P.S. 1993. Effect of soil water potential on growth, yield and some biochemical changes in sorghum. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 41 (2): 342–343.
  • Blum, A. 2011. Plant Breeding for Water-Limited Environments, Springer, New York, p. 255.
  • Chamen, T., Alakukku, L., Pires, S., Sommer, C., Spoor, G., Tijink, F., Weisskoff, P., 2003. Prevention strategies for field traffic induced subsoil compaction: a review. Part 2. Equipment and field practices. Soil and Tillage Research 73: 161-74.
  • Flowers, M.D., Lal, R., 1998. Axle load and tillage effects on soil physical properties and soybean grain yield on a mollic ochraqualf in northwest Ohio. Soil and Tillage Research 48: 21-35.
  • Gee, G.W., Bauder, J.W., 1986. Particle size analysis. In: Klute, A. (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1, 2nd ed. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, USA, pp. 377–381.
  • Gregory, P.J. 2006. Roots, rhizosphere, and soil: the route to a better understanding of soil science? European Journal of Soil Science 57: 2– 12.
  • Grzesiak, S., Grzesiak, M.T., Hura, T., Marcińska, I., Rzepka, A. 2013. Changes in root system structure, leaf water potential and gas exchange of maize and triticale seedlings affected by soil compaction. Environmental and Experimental Botany 88: 2-10.
  • Hinsinger, P., Bengough, A.G., Vetterlein, D., Young, I.M. 2009. Rhizosphere: biophysics, biogeochemistry and ecological relevance. Plant and Soil 321: 117–152.
  • Hopkins, W.J. 2004. Introduction to Plant Physiology. Third ed., John Wiley and sons, New York.
  • Lipiec, J., Håkansson I., Tarkiewicz S., Kossowski J. 1991. Soil physical properties and growth of spring barley related to the degree of compactness of two soils. Soil and Tillage Research 19: 307–317.
  • Lipiec, J., V.V. Medvedev, V.V., Birkas, M., Dumitru, E., Lyndina, T.E., Rousseva, S., Fulajtár, E. 2003. Effect of soil compaction on root growth and crop yield in central and Eastern Europe. International Agrophysics 17: 61–69.
  • Logan, T., Goins, J., Jlindsay, B. 1997. Field assessment of trace element uptake by six vegetables from N-viro soil. Water Environmental Research 69: 28-33.
  • Mills, H.A., Jones, B., 1996. Plant Analysis Handbook II. Micro- Macro Publishing, Inc., Athens, GA, pp. 116–119.
  • Nahar, K., Gretzmacher, R. 2002. Effect of water stress on nutrient uptake, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) under subtropical conditions. Die Bodenkultur 53(1): 45-51.
  • Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, D.R. Keeney (Eds.), 2nd ed. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, USA, pp. 539–573.
  • Plaut, Z. 2008. Encyclopedia of Water Science, Second ed., CRC press, pp. 843 -845.
  • Rahman, M.H., Hara, M., Hoque, S. 2005. Growth and nutrient uptake of grain legumes as affected by induced compaction in Andisols. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 7(5): 740-743.
  • Rhoades, J.D., 1982. Soluble salts. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2, A.L. Page, R.H. Miller, D.R. Keeney (Eds.), 2nd ed. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI, USA, pp. 167–178.
  • Taylor, H.M. 1983. Managing root systems for efficient water use. An overview. In: Limitations to efficient water use in crop production. H.M. Taylor, W.R. Jordan, T.R. Sinclair (Eds.). ASA-CSSA-SSSA- Madison, pp 87-113.
  • Whalley, W.R., Leeds-Harrison, P.B., Clark, L.J., Gowing, D.J.G., 2005. Use of effective stress to predict the penetrometer resistance ofunsaturated agricultural soils. Soil and Tillage Research 84: 18–27.
  • Whitmore, A.P., Whalley, W.R. 2009. Physical effects of soil drying on roots and crop growth. Journal of Experimental Botany 60(10): 2845-2857.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abdolrahman Barzegar This is me

Abdolamir Yousefi This is me

Nazanin Zargoosh This is me

Publication Date April 2, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 5 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Barzegar, A., Yousefi, A., & Zargoosh, N. (2016). Water stress and soil compaction impacts on clover growth and nutrient concentration. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 5(2), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.2.139-145