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Using Cesium-137 to estimate soil particle redistribution by wind in an arid region of central Iran

Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 285 - 293, 09.09.2016
https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.4.285-293

Abstract

This study was conducted to estimate soil erosion and deposition rates along a transect using 137Cs technique in an arid of Isfahan Province, central Iran. Sixteen sites along a northeast-southwest transect with 42 km length were used. Eighty soil samples collected from five depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-50 cm) were analyzed for 137Cs concentration. Additional 20 soil samples were collected from the reference site for computing soil loss and deposition using 137Cs measurement. The results showed that the northern part of the transect showed erosion rates ranging from12.90 to 46.86 t ha-1yr-1. The major factor affecting soil erosion process in northern part of the studied transect is associated dominantly with occurrence of improper gypsum mining operations and human activities. In the southern part of the transect deposition rates changed between 3.10 - 7.44 t ha-1yr-1, presumably influenced by increasing plant cover. Significant correlations between 137Cs and magnetic susceptibility, soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN) and particle size distributions indicated that soil redistribution by wind erosion might have modified the soil properties along the studied transect. A multiple linear regression model was developed for estimating 137Cs by frequency dependence (χfd), TN, clay and sand contents which explained about 87% of the 137Cs variability. This study of using 137Cs to assess wind erosion is unique in the arid region of central Iran and had significant implications for further research. 

References

  • Afshar, F.A., Ayoubi, S., Jalalian, A., 2010. Soil redistribution rate and its relationship with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen using 137-Cs technique in a cultivated complex hilislope in western Iran. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 101(8): 606–614.
  • Ayoubi, S., Ahmadi, M., Abdi, M.R., Afshar, F.A., 2012. Relationships of 137Cs inventory with magnetic measures of calcareous soils of hilly region in Iran. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 112, 45-51.
  • Black, C.A., Evans, D.D., White, J.L., Ensminger, L.E., Clark, F.E., 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph, Vol. 9. ASA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA.
  • Blake, G.R., Hartge, K.H., 1986. Bulk density. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Klute, A. (Ed.), Agronomy Monograph, Vol. 9. ASA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA. pp. 363-375.
  • Bremner, J.M., Mulvaney, C.S., 1982. Total nitrogen. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Page, A.L. (Ed.). Agronomy Monograph, Vol. 9. ASA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA.
  • Dearing, J.A., 1999. Environmental magnetic susceptibility, using the Bartington MS2 System. Chi Publishers, Kenilworth, UK. 54 pp.
  • Freund, R.J., Littell, R.C., 2000. SAS System for Regression. SAS Inst, Cary, NC.
  • Gee, G.W., Bauder, J.W., 1986. Particle-size analysis. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Klute, A. (Ed.), Agronomy Monograph, Vol. 9. ASA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA. pp. pp. 383-409.
  • Gomes, L., Arrúe, J.L., López, M.V., Sterk, G., Richard, D., Gracia, R., Sabre, J.M., Gaudichet, A., Frangi, J.P., 2003. Wind erosion in a semiarid area of Spain: the WELSONS project. Catena 52(3-4): 235 – 256.
  • Hagen, L.J., 1991. A wind erosion prediction system to meet the user need. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 46(2): 106–111.
  • Hennessy, J.T., Kies, B., Gibbens, R.P., Tromble, J.M., 1986. Soil sorting by forty-five years of wind erosion on a southern New Mexico range. Soil Science Society America Journal 50(2): 391 – 394.
  • Hupy, J.P., 2004. Influence of vegetation cover and crust type on wind-blown sediment in a semi-arid climate. Journal of Arid Environment 58(2): 167-179.
  • Karimzadeh, H.R., 2001. Determination wind erosion deposits in waster Isfahan, central Iran. PhD dissertation. Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan Iran.
  • Krinsley, D., 1970. A geomorphological and paleoclimatological study of the playas of Iran. Geological Survey (U.S), Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (U.S). Geological Survey, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, USA. 486p.
  • Li, M., Li, Z., Liu, P., Yao, W., 2005. Using Cesium-137 technique to study the characteristics of different aspect of soil erosion in the wind-water erosion crisscross region on Loess Plateau of China. Applied Radiation and Isoopes 62(1): 109–113.
  • Massey Jr., F.J., 1951. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of goodness of fit. Journal of the American Statistical Association 46: 68-78.
  • Mokhtari Karchegani, P., Ayoubi, S., Lu, S.G., Honarju, S., 2011. Use of magnetic measurements to assess soil redistribution following deforestation in hilly region. Journal of Applied Geophysics 75(2): 227-236.
  • Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Bartels, J.M., Bigham, J.M. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3: Chemical Methods. American Society of Agronomy, Madison WI., USA, pp. 961-1010.
  • Okin, G.S., Murray, B., Schlesinger, W.H., 2001. Degradation of sandy arid shrub-land environments: observations, process modeling, and management implications. Journal of Arid Environments 47(2): 123 – 144.
  • Palsson, S.E., Arnalds, O., Sigurgeirsson, M.A., Guonason, J., Howard, B.J., S.M. Wrighr, S.M., Palsdottir, P., 2002. Cs-137 fallout inventories in Iceland - estimating deposition from precipitation data. Radioprotection 37 (C1): C1-1223-C1-1228.
  • Yan, P., Shi, P., Gao, S., Chen, L., Zhang, X., Bai, L., 2002. 137Cs dating of lacustrine sediments and human impacts on Dalian Lake, Qinghai Province, China. Catena 47(2): 91-99.
  • Ping,Y., Zhibao, D., Guangrong, D., Xinbao, Z., Yiyun, Z., 2000. Preliminary results of using137Cs to study wind erosion in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Journal of Arid Environment 47(4): 443-452.
  • Porta, J., 1998. Methodologies for the analysis and characterization of gypsum in soils: A review. Geoderma 87(1-2): 31-46.
  • Rahimi, M.R., Ayoubi, S., Abdi, M.R., 2013. Magnetic susceptibility and Cs-137 inventory variability as influenced by land use change and slope positions in a hilly, semiarid region of west-central Iran. Journal of Applied Geophysics 89: 68-75.
  • Rhoades, J.D., 1982. Cation exchange capacity. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph, 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
  • Ritchie, J.C., McHenry, J.R., 1990. Application of radioactive fallout Cs-137 for measuring soil erosion and sediment accumulation rates and patterns, Journal of Environmental Quality 19(2): 215-233.
  • Shao, Y., Raupach, M.R., Leys, J.F., 1996. A model for predicting Aeolian sand drift and dust entrainment on scales from paddock to region. Australian Journal of Soil Research 34(3): 309–342.
  • Skidmore, E.L., Powers, D.H., 1982. Dry soil-aggregate stability: energy-based index. Soil Science Society of America Journal 46(6): 1274–1279.
  • Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993. Soil Survey Manual. United States Department of Agriculture. Soil Conservation Service. Agriculture Handbook No. 18, USA.
  • Staunton, S., Roubaud, M., 1997. Adsorption of 137Cs on montmorillonite and illite: effect of charge compensating cation, ionic strength, concentration of Cs, K and fulvic acid. Clay and Clay Minerals 45(2): 251-260.
  • Swan, A.R.H., Sandilands, M., 1995. Introduction to Geological Data Analysis. Blackwell Science, USA. 446p.
  • Walling, D.E., Quine, T.A., 1990. Calibration of caesium-137 measurement to provide quantitative erosion rate data. Land Degradation and Development 2(3): 161-175.
  • Walling, D.E., Quine, T.A., 1993. Use of Cs-137 as a tracer of erosion and sedimentation. Hand book of the application of Cs-137 techniques. UK Overseas Development Administration, Department of Geograpy, University of Exeter. Exeter, UK. 195p.
  • Walling, D.E., He, Q., Appleby. P.G., 2002. Conversion models for use in soil-erosion, soil redistribution and sedimentation investigations. In: Handbook for the Assessment of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Using Environmental Radionuclides. Zapata, F. (Ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers. New York, USA. pp.111-164.
  • Wilding, L.P., 1985. Spatial variability: its documentation, accommodation, and implication to soil surveys. In: Soil Spatial Variability. Nielsen, D.R., Bouma, J., (Eds.). Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands. pp. 166-194.
  • Woodruff, N.P., Siddoway, F.H., 1965. A wind erosion equation. Soil Science Society of America Journal 29(5): 602–608.
  • Yan, P., Shi, P., Gao, S., Chen, L., Zhang, X., Bai, L., 2002.137Cs dating of lacustrine sediments and human impacts on Dalian Lake, Qinghai Province, China. Catena 47(2): 91-99.
  • Yan, P., Shi, P., 2004. Using the 137Cs technique to estimate wind erosion in Gonghe basin, Qinghe province, China. Soil Science 169(4): 295-305.
  • Zhang, C.L., Zou, X.Y., Yang, P., Dong, Y.X., Li, S., Wei, X.H., Yang, S., Pan, X.H., 2007. Wind tunnel test and 137Cs tracing study on wind erosion of several soils in Tibet. Soil and Tillage Research 94(2): 269–282.
  • Zhao, L.H., Yi., X.Y., Zhou, R.L., Zhao, X.Y., Zhang, T.H., Drake, S., 2006. Wind erosion and sand accumulation effects on soil properties in Horqin Sandy Farmland, Inner Mongolia. Catena 65(1): 71- 79.
Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 285 - 293, 09.09.2016
https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.4.285-293

Abstract

References

  • Afshar, F.A., Ayoubi, S., Jalalian, A., 2010. Soil redistribution rate and its relationship with soil organic carbon and total nitrogen using 137-Cs technique in a cultivated complex hilislope in western Iran. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 101(8): 606–614.
  • Ayoubi, S., Ahmadi, M., Abdi, M.R., Afshar, F.A., 2012. Relationships of 137Cs inventory with magnetic measures of calcareous soils of hilly region in Iran. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 112, 45-51.
  • Black, C.A., Evans, D.D., White, J.L., Ensminger, L.E., Clark, F.E., 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph, Vol. 9. ASA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA.
  • Blake, G.R., Hartge, K.H., 1986. Bulk density. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Klute, A. (Ed.), Agronomy Monograph, Vol. 9. ASA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA. pp. 363-375.
  • Bremner, J.M., Mulvaney, C.S., 1982. Total nitrogen. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Page, A.L. (Ed.). Agronomy Monograph, Vol. 9. ASA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA.
  • Dearing, J.A., 1999. Environmental magnetic susceptibility, using the Bartington MS2 System. Chi Publishers, Kenilworth, UK. 54 pp.
  • Freund, R.J., Littell, R.C., 2000. SAS System for Regression. SAS Inst, Cary, NC.
  • Gee, G.W., Bauder, J.W., 1986. Particle-size analysis. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. Klute, A. (Ed.), Agronomy Monograph, Vol. 9. ASA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA. pp. pp. 383-409.
  • Gomes, L., Arrúe, J.L., López, M.V., Sterk, G., Richard, D., Gracia, R., Sabre, J.M., Gaudichet, A., Frangi, J.P., 2003. Wind erosion in a semiarid area of Spain: the WELSONS project. Catena 52(3-4): 235 – 256.
  • Hagen, L.J., 1991. A wind erosion prediction system to meet the user need. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 46(2): 106–111.
  • Hennessy, J.T., Kies, B., Gibbens, R.P., Tromble, J.M., 1986. Soil sorting by forty-five years of wind erosion on a southern New Mexico range. Soil Science Society America Journal 50(2): 391 – 394.
  • Hupy, J.P., 2004. Influence of vegetation cover and crust type on wind-blown sediment in a semi-arid climate. Journal of Arid Environment 58(2): 167-179.
  • Karimzadeh, H.R., 2001. Determination wind erosion deposits in waster Isfahan, central Iran. PhD dissertation. Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan Iran.
  • Krinsley, D., 1970. A geomorphological and paleoclimatological study of the playas of Iran. Geological Survey (U.S), Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (U.S). Geological Survey, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, USA. 486p.
  • Li, M., Li, Z., Liu, P., Yao, W., 2005. Using Cesium-137 technique to study the characteristics of different aspect of soil erosion in the wind-water erosion crisscross region on Loess Plateau of China. Applied Radiation and Isoopes 62(1): 109–113.
  • Massey Jr., F.J., 1951. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of goodness of fit. Journal of the American Statistical Association 46: 68-78.
  • Mokhtari Karchegani, P., Ayoubi, S., Lu, S.G., Honarju, S., 2011. Use of magnetic measurements to assess soil redistribution following deforestation in hilly region. Journal of Applied Geophysics 75(2): 227-236.
  • Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Bartels, J.M., Bigham, J.M. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3: Chemical Methods. American Society of Agronomy, Madison WI., USA, pp. 961-1010.
  • Okin, G.S., Murray, B., Schlesinger, W.H., 2001. Degradation of sandy arid shrub-land environments: observations, process modeling, and management implications. Journal of Arid Environments 47(2): 123 – 144.
  • Palsson, S.E., Arnalds, O., Sigurgeirsson, M.A., Guonason, J., Howard, B.J., S.M. Wrighr, S.M., Palsdottir, P., 2002. Cs-137 fallout inventories in Iceland - estimating deposition from precipitation data. Radioprotection 37 (C1): C1-1223-C1-1228.
  • Yan, P., Shi, P., Gao, S., Chen, L., Zhang, X., Bai, L., 2002. 137Cs dating of lacustrine sediments and human impacts on Dalian Lake, Qinghai Province, China. Catena 47(2): 91-99.
  • Ping,Y., Zhibao, D., Guangrong, D., Xinbao, Z., Yiyun, Z., 2000. Preliminary results of using137Cs to study wind erosion in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Journal of Arid Environment 47(4): 443-452.
  • Porta, J., 1998. Methodologies for the analysis and characterization of gypsum in soils: A review. Geoderma 87(1-2): 31-46.
  • Rahimi, M.R., Ayoubi, S., Abdi, M.R., 2013. Magnetic susceptibility and Cs-137 inventory variability as influenced by land use change and slope positions in a hilly, semiarid region of west-central Iran. Journal of Applied Geophysics 89: 68-75.
  • Rhoades, J.D., 1982. Cation exchange capacity. In: Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph, 9. ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
  • Ritchie, J.C., McHenry, J.R., 1990. Application of radioactive fallout Cs-137 for measuring soil erosion and sediment accumulation rates and patterns, Journal of Environmental Quality 19(2): 215-233.
  • Shao, Y., Raupach, M.R., Leys, J.F., 1996. A model for predicting Aeolian sand drift and dust entrainment on scales from paddock to region. Australian Journal of Soil Research 34(3): 309–342.
  • Skidmore, E.L., Powers, D.H., 1982. Dry soil-aggregate stability: energy-based index. Soil Science Society of America Journal 46(6): 1274–1279.
  • Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993. Soil Survey Manual. United States Department of Agriculture. Soil Conservation Service. Agriculture Handbook No. 18, USA.
  • Staunton, S., Roubaud, M., 1997. Adsorption of 137Cs on montmorillonite and illite: effect of charge compensating cation, ionic strength, concentration of Cs, K and fulvic acid. Clay and Clay Minerals 45(2): 251-260.
  • Swan, A.R.H., Sandilands, M., 1995. Introduction to Geological Data Analysis. Blackwell Science, USA. 446p.
  • Walling, D.E., Quine, T.A., 1990. Calibration of caesium-137 measurement to provide quantitative erosion rate data. Land Degradation and Development 2(3): 161-175.
  • Walling, D.E., Quine, T.A., 1993. Use of Cs-137 as a tracer of erosion and sedimentation. Hand book of the application of Cs-137 techniques. UK Overseas Development Administration, Department of Geograpy, University of Exeter. Exeter, UK. 195p.
  • Walling, D.E., He, Q., Appleby. P.G., 2002. Conversion models for use in soil-erosion, soil redistribution and sedimentation investigations. In: Handbook for the Assessment of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation Using Environmental Radionuclides. Zapata, F. (Ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers. New York, USA. pp.111-164.
  • Wilding, L.P., 1985. Spatial variability: its documentation, accommodation, and implication to soil surveys. In: Soil Spatial Variability. Nielsen, D.R., Bouma, J., (Eds.). Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands. pp. 166-194.
  • Woodruff, N.P., Siddoway, F.H., 1965. A wind erosion equation. Soil Science Society of America Journal 29(5): 602–608.
  • Yan, P., Shi, P., Gao, S., Chen, L., Zhang, X., Bai, L., 2002.137Cs dating of lacustrine sediments and human impacts on Dalian Lake, Qinghai Province, China. Catena 47(2): 91-99.
  • Yan, P., Shi, P., 2004. Using the 137Cs technique to estimate wind erosion in Gonghe basin, Qinghe province, China. Soil Science 169(4): 295-305.
  • Zhang, C.L., Zou, X.Y., Yang, P., Dong, Y.X., Li, S., Wei, X.H., Yang, S., Pan, X.H., 2007. Wind tunnel test and 137Cs tracing study on wind erosion of several soils in Tibet. Soil and Tillage Research 94(2): 269–282.
  • Zhao, L.H., Yi., X.Y., Zhou, R.L., Zhao, X.Y., Zhang, T.H., Drake, S., 2006. Wind erosion and sand accumulation effects on soil properties in Horqin Sandy Farmland, Inner Mongolia. Catena 65(1): 71- 79.
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Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatemeh Gheysari This is me

Shamsollah Ayoubi This is me

Mohammad Abdi This is me

Publication Date September 9, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 5 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Gheysari, F., Ayoubi, S., & Abdi, M. (2016). Using Cesium-137 to estimate soil particle redistribution by wind in an arid region of central Iran. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 5(4), 285-293. https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.2016.4.285-293