Research Article
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Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 140 - 150, 01.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.689428

Abstract

References

  • Arikan, F., Ulusay, R., Aydin, N., 2007. Characterization of weathered acidic volcanic rocks and a weathering classification based on a rating system. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 66: 415-430.
  • Babechuk, M.G., Widdowson, M., Kamber, B.S., 2014. Quantifying chemical weathering intensity and trace element release from two contrasting basalt profiles, Deccan Traps, India. Chemical Geology 363: 56–75.
  • Barboso, W.R., Romero, R.E., de Souza Júnior, M.S., Cooper, M., Sartor, L.R., de Moya Partiti, C.S., de Oliveira Jorge, O., Cohen, R., de Jesus, S.L., Ferreira, T.O., 2015. Effects of slope orientation on pedogenesis of altimontane soils from the Brazilian semi-arid region (Baturité massif, Ceará). Environmental Earth Sciences 73(7): 3731–3743.
  • Baumann, F., Schmidt, K., Dörfer, C., He, S.J., Scholten, T., Kühn, P., 2014. Pedogenesis, permafrost, substrate and topography: Plot and landscape scale interrelations of weathering processes on the central-eastern Tibetan Plateau. Geoderma 226-227: 300–316.
  • Braun, J.J., Viers, J., Dupré, B., Polve, M., Ndam, J., Muller, J.P., 1998. Solid/Liquid REE fractionation in the lateritic system of Goyoum, East Cameroon: The implication for the present dynamics of the soil covers of the humid tropical regions. Acta 62(2): 273–299.
  • Buggle, B., Glaser, B., Hambach, U., Gerasimenko, N., Marković, S., 2011. An evaluation of geochemical weathering indices in loess–paleosol studies. Quaternary International 240(1-2): 12-21.
  • Burt, R., 2011. Soil Survey laboratory information Manual. 2nd Edition. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 305p.
  • Che, V.B., Fontijn, K., Ernst, G.G.J., Kervyn, M., Elburg, M., Van Ranst, E., Suh, C.E., 2012. Evaluating the degree of weathering in landslide-prone soils in the humid tropics: The case of Limbe, SW Cameroon. Geoderma 170: 378-389.
  • Condie, K.C. Dengate, J., Cullers, R.L., 1995. Behavior of rare earth elements in a paleoweathering profile on granodiorite in the Front Range, Colorado, USA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59(2): 279-294.
  • Dengiz, O., Saglam, M., Ozaytekin, H.H., Baskan, O., 2013. Weathering rates and some physico-chemical characteristics of soils developed on a calcic toposequences. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 8(2): 13-24.
  • Egli, M., Mirabella, A., Sartori, G., Fitze, P., 2003. Weathering rates as a function of climate: results from a climosequence of the Val Genova (Trentino, Italian Alps). Geoderma 111(1-2): 99–121.
  • Egli, M., Mirabella, A. , Sartori, G. , Zanelli, R. , Bischof , S., 2006. Effect of north and south exposure on weathering rates and clay mineral formation in Alpine soils. Catena 67(3): 155 –174.
  • Egli, M, Mirabella, A., Sartori, G., 2008. The role of climate and vegetation in weathering and clay mineral formation in late Quaternary soils of the Swiss and Italian Alps. Geomorphology 102(3-4): 307–324.
  • Egli, M., Sartori, G., Mirabella, A., Favilli, F., Giaccai, D., Delbos, E., 2009. Effect of north and south exposure on organic matter in high Alpine soils. Geoderma 149(1-2):124–136.
  • Fedo, C.M., Nesbitt, H.W., Young, G.M., 1995. Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance. Geology 23(10): 921-924.
  • Gallet, S., Jahn, B.M., Torii, M., 1996. Geochemical characterization of the Luochuan loess-paleosol sequence, China, and paleoclimatic implications. Chemical Geology 133(1-4): 67-88.
  • Harnois, L., 1988. The CIW index: A new chemical index of weathering. Sedimentary Geology 55(3-4): 319-322.
  • Huang, C.M., Gong, Z.T., 2001. Geochemical implication of rare earth elements in process of soil development. Journal Rare Earths 19(1): 57-62.
  • Le Blond , J.S. , Cuadros, J., Molla, Y.B. , Berhanu, T., Umer, M., Baxter, P.J., Davey, G., 2015. Weathering of the Ethiopian volcanic province: A new weathering index to characterize and compare soils. American Mineralogist 100(11-12): 2518–2232.
  • Li, C., Yang, S.Y., 2010. Is chemical index of alteration a reliable proxy for chemical weathering in global drainage basins? American Journal of Science 310 (2): 111–127.
  • Lybrand, R., Rasmussen, C., Jardine, A., Troch, P., Chorover, J., 2011. The effects of climate and landscape position on chemical denudation and mineral transformation in the Santa Catalina mountain critical zone observatory. Applied Geochemistry 26:S80–S84.
  • Ma, L., Jin, L., Brantley, S. L., .2011. How mineralogy and slope aspect affect REE release and fractionation during shale weathering in the Susquehanna/Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory. Chemical Geology 290(1-2): 31-49.
  • McLennan, S.M., 1993. Weathering and global denudation. The Journal of Geology 101(2): 295–303.
  • Middelburg, J.J., van der Weijden, C.H., Woittiez, J.R.W., 1988. Chemical processes affecting the mobility of major, minor and trace elements during weathering of granitic rocks. Chemical Geology 68(3-4): 253–273.
  • Moazallahi, M., Farpoor, M.H., 2012. Soil genesis and clay mineralogy along the xeric aridic climotoposequence in South Central Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 14(3): 683–696.
  • Mongelli, G., 1993. REE and other trace elements in a granitic weathering profile from “Serre”, southern Italy. Chemical Geology 103(1-4): 17–25.
  • Murakami, T., Utsunomiya, S., Imazu, Y., Prasad, N., 2001. Direct evidence of late Archean to early Proterozoic anoxic atmosphere from a product of 2.5 Ga old weathering. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 184(2): 523–528.
  • Nesbitt, H.W., Young, G.M., 1982. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites. Nature 279: 715-717.
  • Nesbitt, H.W., Young, G.M., 1984. Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48(7): 1523-1534.
  • Nesbitt, H.W., Young, G.M., 1989. Formation and diagenesis of weathering profiles. Journal of Geology 97(2): 129-147.
  • Nesbitt, H.W., 1992. Diagenesis and metasomatism of weathering profiles, with emphasis on Precambrian paleosols. Developments in Earth Surface Processes 2:127–152.
  • Nesbitt, H.W., Young, G.M., McLennan, S., Keays, R., 1996. Effects of chemical weathering and sorting on the petrogenesis of siliciclastic sediments, with ımplications for provenance studies. Journal Geology 104(5): 525–542.
  • Nordt, L.C., Driese, S.D., 2010. New weathering index improves paleorainfall estimates from Vertisols. Geology 38(5): 407-410.
  • Osat, M., Heidari, A., Eghbal, M.K., Mahmoodi, S., 2016. Impacts of topographic attributes on Soil Taxonomic Classes and weathering indices in a hilly landscape in Northern Iran. Geoderma 281: 90–101.
  • Parker, A., 1970. An index of weathering for silicate rocks. Geological Magazine 107(6): 501-504.
  • Patino, L.C., Velbel, M.A., Price, J.R., Wade, J.A., 2003. Trace element mobility during spheroidal weathering of basalts and andesites in Hawaii and Guatemala. Chemical Geology 202(3-4): 343–364.
  • Pettapiece, W.W., Pawluc, S., 1972. Clay mineralogy of soils developed partially from volcanic ash. Soil Science Society of America journal 36(3): 515-519.
  • Price, J.R., Velbel, M.A., 2003. Chemical weathering indices applied to weathering profiles developed on heterogeneous felsic metamorphic parent rocks. Chemical Geology 202(3-4): 397– 416.
  • Rate, A.W., Sheikh-Abdullah, S.M., 2017. The geochemistry of calcareous forest soils in Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Geoderma 289: 54–65.
  • Regassa, A., van Daele, K.V., De Paepe, P., Dumon, M., Deckers, J., Asrat, A., van Ranst, E., 2014. Characterizing weathering intensity and trends of geological materials in the Gilgel Gibe catchment, southwestern Ethiopia. Journal of African Earth Sciences 99(2): 568-580.
  • Shao, J., Yang, S., Li, C., 2012. Chemical indices (CIA and WIP) as proxies for integrated chemical weathering in China: Inferences from analysis of fluvial sediments. Sedimentary Geology 265-266: 110–120.
  • Şenol, H., Tunçay, T., Dengiz, O., 2018. Geochemical Mass balance applied to the study of weathering and evolution of soil. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences 47(9):1851-1865.
  • Taylor, S.R., McLennan, S.M., 1985. The Continental Crust: its Composition and Evolution. 3rd Edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 312p..
  • Vermeire, M.L., Cornu, S., Fekiacova , Z., Detienne , M., Delvaux , B., Cornélis, J.T., 2016. Rare earth elements dynamics along pedogenesis in a chronosequence of podzolic soils. Chemical Geology 446: 163–174.
  • Voicu, G., Bardoux, M., 2002. Geochemical behavior under tropical weathering of the Barama–Mazaruni greenstone belt at Omai gold mine, Guiana Shield. Applied Geochemistry 17(3): 321-336.
  • Voicu, G., Bardoux, M., Jébrak, M., Voicu, D., 1996. Normative mineralogical calculations for tropical weathering profiles. Geological Association of Canade and Mineral Association of Canadian 21: 58-69.
  • von Eynatten, H., Barceló-Vidal, C., Pawlowsky-Glahn, V., 2003. Modelling compositional change: The example of chemical weathering of granitoid rocks. Mathematical Geology 35(3): 231–351.
  • Yang, S.Y., Jung, H.S., Li, C.X., 2004. Two unique weathering regimes in the Changjiang and Huanghe drainage basins: geochemical evidence from river sediments. Sedimentary Geology 164(1-2): 19–34.
  • Zhou, X., Li, A., Jiang, F., Lu, J., 2015. Effects of grain size distribution on mineralogical and chemical compositions: a case study from size‐fractional sediments of the Huanghe (Yellow River) and Changjiang (Yangtze River). Geological Journal 50(4): 414–433.

Quantifying the role of chemical weathering rates on soil developed along an altitudinal transect in the mountainous environments, Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 140 - 150, 01.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.689428

Abstract

Climate and elevations play an important role in controlling rate of weathering and soil formation. The role of chemical weathering rate on soil developed along an altitudinal transect in the mountainous environments in Turkey was investigated to determine the effects of climate on the geochemical characteristics of the soil. The main purposes of this study were: i) To characterize the geochemical characteristics of soils as a function of climate ii) To evaluate the soil formation and decomposition rates in Climosequence depending on the elevation by using geochemical data. For this purpose, four representative profiles were dug at different elevations. The transect of four soils formed in limestone elevations from 1139 to 1809 m. Our results showed that the rate of chemical weathering of CIA, CIW, PIA and MIA indicators decreased with the increase in elevation. In contrast, WIP value increased at higher altitudes and exhibited different weathering directions by deviating from the main trend in the A–CN–K diagram that composition of weathered soils was easily influenced by the quantity of precipitation, degree of gradient and height differences. Therefore, it was concluded that the main factors determining soil development was climate and elevations, and both determine the leaching regime and weathering rates.

References

  • Arikan, F., Ulusay, R., Aydin, N., 2007. Characterization of weathered acidic volcanic rocks and a weathering classification based on a rating system. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 66: 415-430.
  • Babechuk, M.G., Widdowson, M., Kamber, B.S., 2014. Quantifying chemical weathering intensity and trace element release from two contrasting basalt profiles, Deccan Traps, India. Chemical Geology 363: 56–75.
  • Barboso, W.R., Romero, R.E., de Souza Júnior, M.S., Cooper, M., Sartor, L.R., de Moya Partiti, C.S., de Oliveira Jorge, O., Cohen, R., de Jesus, S.L., Ferreira, T.O., 2015. Effects of slope orientation on pedogenesis of altimontane soils from the Brazilian semi-arid region (Baturité massif, Ceará). Environmental Earth Sciences 73(7): 3731–3743.
  • Baumann, F., Schmidt, K., Dörfer, C., He, S.J., Scholten, T., Kühn, P., 2014. Pedogenesis, permafrost, substrate and topography: Plot and landscape scale interrelations of weathering processes on the central-eastern Tibetan Plateau. Geoderma 226-227: 300–316.
  • Braun, J.J., Viers, J., Dupré, B., Polve, M., Ndam, J., Muller, J.P., 1998. Solid/Liquid REE fractionation in the lateritic system of Goyoum, East Cameroon: The implication for the present dynamics of the soil covers of the humid tropical regions. Acta 62(2): 273–299.
  • Buggle, B., Glaser, B., Hambach, U., Gerasimenko, N., Marković, S., 2011. An evaluation of geochemical weathering indices in loess–paleosol studies. Quaternary International 240(1-2): 12-21.
  • Burt, R., 2011. Soil Survey laboratory information Manual. 2nd Edition. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 305p.
  • Che, V.B., Fontijn, K., Ernst, G.G.J., Kervyn, M., Elburg, M., Van Ranst, E., Suh, C.E., 2012. Evaluating the degree of weathering in landslide-prone soils in the humid tropics: The case of Limbe, SW Cameroon. Geoderma 170: 378-389.
  • Condie, K.C. Dengate, J., Cullers, R.L., 1995. Behavior of rare earth elements in a paleoweathering profile on granodiorite in the Front Range, Colorado, USA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 59(2): 279-294.
  • Dengiz, O., Saglam, M., Ozaytekin, H.H., Baskan, O., 2013. Weathering rates and some physico-chemical characteristics of soils developed on a calcic toposequences. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences 8(2): 13-24.
  • Egli, M., Mirabella, A., Sartori, G., Fitze, P., 2003. Weathering rates as a function of climate: results from a climosequence of the Val Genova (Trentino, Italian Alps). Geoderma 111(1-2): 99–121.
  • Egli, M., Mirabella, A. , Sartori, G. , Zanelli, R. , Bischof , S., 2006. Effect of north and south exposure on weathering rates and clay mineral formation in Alpine soils. Catena 67(3): 155 –174.
  • Egli, M, Mirabella, A., Sartori, G., 2008. The role of climate and vegetation in weathering and clay mineral formation in late Quaternary soils of the Swiss and Italian Alps. Geomorphology 102(3-4): 307–324.
  • Egli, M., Sartori, G., Mirabella, A., Favilli, F., Giaccai, D., Delbos, E., 2009. Effect of north and south exposure on organic matter in high Alpine soils. Geoderma 149(1-2):124–136.
  • Fedo, C.M., Nesbitt, H.W., Young, G.M., 1995. Unraveling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications for paleoweathering conditions and provenance. Geology 23(10): 921-924.
  • Gallet, S., Jahn, B.M., Torii, M., 1996. Geochemical characterization of the Luochuan loess-paleosol sequence, China, and paleoclimatic implications. Chemical Geology 133(1-4): 67-88.
  • Harnois, L., 1988. The CIW index: A new chemical index of weathering. Sedimentary Geology 55(3-4): 319-322.
  • Huang, C.M., Gong, Z.T., 2001. Geochemical implication of rare earth elements in process of soil development. Journal Rare Earths 19(1): 57-62.
  • Le Blond , J.S. , Cuadros, J., Molla, Y.B. , Berhanu, T., Umer, M., Baxter, P.J., Davey, G., 2015. Weathering of the Ethiopian volcanic province: A new weathering index to characterize and compare soils. American Mineralogist 100(11-12): 2518–2232.
  • Li, C., Yang, S.Y., 2010. Is chemical index of alteration a reliable proxy for chemical weathering in global drainage basins? American Journal of Science 310 (2): 111–127.
  • Lybrand, R., Rasmussen, C., Jardine, A., Troch, P., Chorover, J., 2011. The effects of climate and landscape position on chemical denudation and mineral transformation in the Santa Catalina mountain critical zone observatory. Applied Geochemistry 26:S80–S84.
  • Ma, L., Jin, L., Brantley, S. L., .2011. How mineralogy and slope aspect affect REE release and fractionation during shale weathering in the Susquehanna/Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory. Chemical Geology 290(1-2): 31-49.
  • McLennan, S.M., 1993. Weathering and global denudation. The Journal of Geology 101(2): 295–303.
  • Middelburg, J.J., van der Weijden, C.H., Woittiez, J.R.W., 1988. Chemical processes affecting the mobility of major, minor and trace elements during weathering of granitic rocks. Chemical Geology 68(3-4): 253–273.
  • Moazallahi, M., Farpoor, M.H., 2012. Soil genesis and clay mineralogy along the xeric aridic climotoposequence in South Central Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 14(3): 683–696.
  • Mongelli, G., 1993. REE and other trace elements in a granitic weathering profile from “Serre”, southern Italy. Chemical Geology 103(1-4): 17–25.
  • Murakami, T., Utsunomiya, S., Imazu, Y., Prasad, N., 2001. Direct evidence of late Archean to early Proterozoic anoxic atmosphere from a product of 2.5 Ga old weathering. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 184(2): 523–528.
  • Nesbitt, H.W., Young, G.M., 1982. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major element chemistry of lutites. Nature 279: 715-717.
  • Nesbitt, H.W., Young, G.M., 1984. Prediction of some weathering trends of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48(7): 1523-1534.
  • Nesbitt, H.W., Young, G.M., 1989. Formation and diagenesis of weathering profiles. Journal of Geology 97(2): 129-147.
  • Nesbitt, H.W., 1992. Diagenesis and metasomatism of weathering profiles, with emphasis on Precambrian paleosols. Developments in Earth Surface Processes 2:127–152.
  • Nesbitt, H.W., Young, G.M., McLennan, S., Keays, R., 1996. Effects of chemical weathering and sorting on the petrogenesis of siliciclastic sediments, with ımplications for provenance studies. Journal Geology 104(5): 525–542.
  • Nordt, L.C., Driese, S.D., 2010. New weathering index improves paleorainfall estimates from Vertisols. Geology 38(5): 407-410.
  • Osat, M., Heidari, A., Eghbal, M.K., Mahmoodi, S., 2016. Impacts of topographic attributes on Soil Taxonomic Classes and weathering indices in a hilly landscape in Northern Iran. Geoderma 281: 90–101.
  • Parker, A., 1970. An index of weathering for silicate rocks. Geological Magazine 107(6): 501-504.
  • Patino, L.C., Velbel, M.A., Price, J.R., Wade, J.A., 2003. Trace element mobility during spheroidal weathering of basalts and andesites in Hawaii and Guatemala. Chemical Geology 202(3-4): 343–364.
  • Pettapiece, W.W., Pawluc, S., 1972. Clay mineralogy of soils developed partially from volcanic ash. Soil Science Society of America journal 36(3): 515-519.
  • Price, J.R., Velbel, M.A., 2003. Chemical weathering indices applied to weathering profiles developed on heterogeneous felsic metamorphic parent rocks. Chemical Geology 202(3-4): 397– 416.
  • Rate, A.W., Sheikh-Abdullah, S.M., 2017. The geochemistry of calcareous forest soils in Sulaimani Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Geoderma 289: 54–65.
  • Regassa, A., van Daele, K.V., De Paepe, P., Dumon, M., Deckers, J., Asrat, A., van Ranst, E., 2014. Characterizing weathering intensity and trends of geological materials in the Gilgel Gibe catchment, southwestern Ethiopia. Journal of African Earth Sciences 99(2): 568-580.
  • Shao, J., Yang, S., Li, C., 2012. Chemical indices (CIA and WIP) as proxies for integrated chemical weathering in China: Inferences from analysis of fluvial sediments. Sedimentary Geology 265-266: 110–120.
  • Şenol, H., Tunçay, T., Dengiz, O., 2018. Geochemical Mass balance applied to the study of weathering and evolution of soil. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences 47(9):1851-1865.
  • Taylor, S.R., McLennan, S.M., 1985. The Continental Crust: its Composition and Evolution. 3rd Edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 312p..
  • Vermeire, M.L., Cornu, S., Fekiacova , Z., Detienne , M., Delvaux , B., Cornélis, J.T., 2016. Rare earth elements dynamics along pedogenesis in a chronosequence of podzolic soils. Chemical Geology 446: 163–174.
  • Voicu, G., Bardoux, M., 2002. Geochemical behavior under tropical weathering of the Barama–Mazaruni greenstone belt at Omai gold mine, Guiana Shield. Applied Geochemistry 17(3): 321-336.
  • Voicu, G., Bardoux, M., Jébrak, M., Voicu, D., 1996. Normative mineralogical calculations for tropical weathering profiles. Geological Association of Canade and Mineral Association of Canadian 21: 58-69.
  • von Eynatten, H., Barceló-Vidal, C., Pawlowsky-Glahn, V., 2003. Modelling compositional change: The example of chemical weathering of granitoid rocks. Mathematical Geology 35(3): 231–351.
  • Yang, S.Y., Jung, H.S., Li, C.X., 2004. Two unique weathering regimes in the Changjiang and Huanghe drainage basins: geochemical evidence from river sediments. Sedimentary Geology 164(1-2): 19–34.
  • Zhou, X., Li, A., Jiang, F., Lu, J., 2015. Effects of grain size distribution on mineralogical and chemical compositions: a case study from size‐fractional sediments of the Huanghe (Yellow River) and Changjiang (Yangtze River). Geological Journal 50(4): 414–433.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Omar Alsalam This is me

Cevdet Şeker This is me

Mert Dedeoğlu This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Alsalam, O., Şeker, C., & Dedeoğlu, M. (2020). Quantifying the role of chemical weathering rates on soil developed along an altitudinal transect in the mountainous environments, Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 9(2), 140-150. https://doi.org/10.18393/ejss.689428