Integration of Electric Charging Stations into Sustainable and Renewable Energy: A Case Study

Abstract

This study evaluates the potential for sustainably operating the Electric Vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure in Bitlis Province through a wind-solar hybrid generation system complemented by an 8 MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), using a representative charging site as a detailed case study. Following the development of a spatial and technical inventory of EV charging stations across the province, a station strategically located on an intercity transit corridor was selected for in-depth analysis. To this end, the demand profile was modeled on a monthly basis by accounting for the national EV penetration rate, seasonal charging frequency, and alternative charging scenarios. On the supply side, the seasonal variability of wind and solar resources was simulated at high temporal resolution using local meteorological data. The analyses indicate that single-source solutions may conflict with the objective of service continuity under the conditions prevailing in Bitlis, potentially leading to significant unmet demand during resource-scarce periods. By contrast, a hybrid wind-solar configuration, when coupled with appropriately sized storage, can render the charging infrastructure technically and operationally sustainable, achieving full year-round service continuity. In this context, a configuration comprising 10 kW of wind capacity and 5 kW of solar is proposed. Under this configuration, the lowest monthly generation is 1,315.6 kWh in November, while the highest is 7,027 kWh in March. The maximum battery storage requirement of approximately 7,134 kWh was identified, leading to the recommendation of an 8 MWh BESS to ensure uninterrupted year-round EV charging service. The system meets an average monthly demand of approximately 2,500 kWh, with surplus energy stored during high production months and deficits covered during low production periods. The cumulative energy balance indicates a surplus of 788 kWh by the end of the year, which can be utilized for emergencies or other operational needs. The study provides a transferable planning framework for regions with similar infrastructural and meteorological characteristics, demonstrating the quantitative impact of local resource integration on EV charging infrastructure resilience.

Keywords

• Electric Vehicle Charging Station
• Renewable Energy Integration
• Hybrid Energy System
• Sustainable Transportation

Elektrikli Şarj İstasyonlarının Sürdürülebilir ve Yenilenebilir Enerjiye Entegrasyonu: Bir Vaka Çalışması

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Bitlis ilindeki Elektrikli Araç (EA) şarj altyapısının, batarya enerji depolama sistemi ile desteklenmiş rüzgar–güneş hibrit bir üretim sistemi aracılığıyla sürdürülebilir biçimde işletilebilme potansiyelini değerlendirmektedir. İl genelinde bulunan EA şarj istasyonlarının mekânsal ve teknik envanteri oluşturulduktan sonra, şehirlerarası bir transit güzergâh üzerinde stratejik konuma sahip bir istasyon, ayrıntılı bir vaka analizi için seçilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, talep profili; ulusal EA penetrasyon oranı, mevsimsel şarj sıklığı ve alternatif şarj senaryoları dikkate alınarak aylık bazda modellenmiştir. Üretim tarafında ise rüzgar ve güneş kaynaklarının mevsimsel değişkenliği, yerel meteorolojik veriler kullanılarak yüksek zaman çözünürlüğünde simüle edilmiştir. Analizler, Bitlis koşullarında tek kaynaklı çözümlerin hizmet sürekliliği hedefiyle çelişebileceğini; buna karşın, uygun boyutta depolama ile desteklenen hibrit bir rüzgar–güneş konfigürasyonunun şarj altyapısını teknik ve operasyonel olarak sürdürülebilir kılabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu kapsamda, 10 kW rüzgar ve 5 kW güneş kapasitesinden oluşan bir yapı önerilmektedir. Bu yapı altında, aylık bazda en düşük enerji üretimi Kasım ayında 1.315,6 kWh, en yüksek enerji üretimi ise Mart ayında 7.027 kWh olarak gerçekleşmektedir. Ayrıca, yıl boyunca hizmet sürekliliğini güvence altına almak amacıyla 8 MWh kapasiteli bir batarya enerji depolama sistemi (BESS) önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• Elektrikli Araç Şarj İstasyonu
• Yenilenebilir Enerji Entegrasyonu
• Hibrit Enerji Sistemi
• Sürdürülebilir Ulaşım

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