Phenotypic Diversity of Red and White Onion Genetic Resources Collected from Different Countries

Abstract

The phenotypic diversity within onion populations is very high and occurs mostly due to bulb shape, height and diameter, neck width, weight, dry skin colour, bitterness and dry skin thickness. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic diversity of the genetic resources of red and white onions collected from different countries. Initially, a gene pool of 23 onion genetic resources was established, consisting of 14 red and 9 white onions. As a result of the research, it was determined that the red and white onion genotypes showed a high level of phenotypic diversity in terms of morphological traits. Cluster and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to determine the relationships among the onion genotypes. As a result of the cluster analysis based on 31 variables, three groups and five subgroups were identified in the red onion genetic resources and two groups and four subgroups were clustered in the white onion genetic resources. A dendrogram was performed to evaluate the morphological similarities between the red and white onion genotypes. In the red onion genotypes, seven PC axes with an eigen value greater than 1 explained 90.2% of the total variation within the PCA. The total variation in white onion genotypes was found to be 96.4%. These results showed that the genetic variability was very high between the red and white onion genotypes. The results obtained will help onion breeders to develop highquality, new onion varieties in the future.

Keywords

• Allium cepa
• genetic resources
• diversity
• multivariate analysis

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