Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) breeding activities at Trakya Agricultural Research Institute

Abstract

There is a vegetable oil deficit in Turkey. Oil crops production in Turkey does not meet the requirements of vegetable oil. About 60 % of vegetable oil consumed in Turkey is imported every year paying about 3 billion dollars. Safflower plant being resistant to drought may be one of the alternative oil crops in Turkey. Some of the main obstructions in safflower production in Turkey are low seed yield, low oil content, diseases and insects. The varieties in production have an oil content of about 28-32 %. New superior safflower varieties have to be developed by breeding and selection methods among the existing genetic variation. The Safflower breeding program at Trakya Agricultural Research Institute was initiated in 2000 with two different oil types, oleic and linoleic to develop new varieties which have high yielding capacity, yield stability, high oil content, wide adaptation ability, resistance to diseases and insects prevalent in the region and all over the Turkey. About 60 materials in oleic types and 250 materials in linoleic types collected around the World were tested in observation nurseries and crossing blocks every year. All the materials were planted in the middle of March. Pedigree method was utilized in segregating populations developed after hybridization. Single plant selection was started in F2 population and ended in F7. Each year about 500-600 single plants were selected and replanted next year as a new generation

Keywords

• trakya, safflower, oil, oleic, linoleic, oil yield

References

1. Anonymous (2013a). Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock (www.tarim.gov.tr)
2. Anonymous (2013b). Turkish Statistical Institute, Annual Reports. (www.tuik.gov.tr)
3. Bagavan I and R L Ravikumar 2001. Strong undesirable linkages between seed yield and oil componentsA problem in safflower improvement. Proceeding of the V International Safflower Conference, USA, July 23-27, pp: 103-107.
4. Corleto A, Cazzato E and Vetricelli P (1997). Performance of hybrid and O.P. safflower in two different Mediterranean environments. Proceedings of the Fourth International Safflower Conference. Italy, Bari, 2-7 June, pp. 276-278.
5. Dincer N 1964. Aspir (Safflower) Tarım Bakanlığı, Ziraat İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü Yayınları, D-102. 8 sayfa
6. Golkar P, Arzani A and Rezaei A M (2011). Determining relationships among seed yield, yield components and morpho-phenological traits using multivariate analyses in safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) Annals of Biological Research . Vol. 2 Issue 3, p. 162-169
7. Golparvar A R (2011). Genetic Improvement of Oil Yield in Spring Safflower Cultivars under Drought and Non-drought Stress Conditions Electronic Journal of Biology, Vol.7(2): 40-43
8. Harishbabu A N, Rudna Naik, V, Hanumantharaya L, Raju S G and Yaragoppa S D (2005). Evaluation of Promising Breeding Lines of Safflower for Alternaria Tolerance, Seed Yield and its Components. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences: 18 (3) p. 803-80

9. Jamshi-Moghadam M, Pourdad S S 2006. Determination of safflower genotypes under moisture stress in controlled conditions and field. Journal of Agricultural and Natural Resources 10(2), 155- 167.
10. Johnson R C, Ghorpade P B and Bradley V C 2001. Evaluation of the USDA core safflower collection for seven quantitative traits. V. International Safflower Conference. USA. pp. 143-149.
11. Mozaffari K and Asadi A A (2006). Relationships among traits using correlation, principal components and path analysis in safflower mutants sown in irrigated and drought stress condition. Asian. J. Plant. Sci, 5(6): 977-983.
12. Narkhede B N and Deokar A B 1990. Inheritance of spininess and pericarp types in safflower. J. Maharashtra Agric. Univ. 15, 279–281.
13. Pahlavani M H, Saeidi G and Mirlohi A F 2004. Inheritance of flower color and spininess in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). J. Hered. 95, 265–267.
14. Ramachandran M 1985. Genetic improvement of yield in safflower – problems and prospects. Journal of Oilseeds Research, 2: 1-9
15. Rao V and Ramachandram M (1997). An analysis of association of yield and oil in safflower. Fourth International Safflower Conference. Italy, Bari, 2-7 June, pp. 185-191.
16. Zheng N, Futang C and Xinchun S, et al. (1993). Path analysis of correlated characters on flower yield of safflower, Third Int. Safflower Conf. Nijing, China, 582-588