Genetic Analysis of some Important Quantitative Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Year 2016, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 47 - 53, 30.07.2016

Nataša Ljubičić

Abstract

The estimation of gene effects in the inheritance of yield components is one of the most important tasks in wheat breeding
programs. The objective of this study was to estimate gene effects for the number of grains and grain weight per spike
in ten wheat crosses with five basic generations: parent cultivars (P1, P2), first and second filial generations (F1, F2)
and first backcrosses (BC1). The gene effects responsible for inheritance of these two important traits were estimated on
the basis of generation mean analysis, using an additive-dominant model with three and six-parameters. The adequacy
of the additive-dominance model with three-parameters was tested using the Scaling test and Chi-square (χ2) test. A
three-parameter model was found as adequate to explain variation for the both traits in three crossing combinations. The
magnitude of additive gene effects (d) was smaller than the corresponding dominance effects (h) in most crosses for both
traits. The application of six-parameter models indicated the significant epistatic effects for explaining genetic variation
for these traits. The inheritance of these traits was influenced by additive×additive (i) and dominance×dominance (l) type
of non-allelic interactions in the study. Duplicate gene interactions were also observed in most crosses of both characters
which are difficult to exploit in breeding programs. These results implied that the selection for the improvement of these
traits should be applied in further generations in wheat breeding..

Keywords

Wheat, Additive-dominance model

References

• Chandra D, Islam M A, Barma NCD (2004). Variability and interrelationship of nine quantitative characters in F5 bulks of five wheat crosses. Pak. J. Bio. Sci. 7(6): 1040-1045. Dvojković K, Drezner G, Novoselović D, Lalić A, Kovačević J, Babić D, Barić M (2010). Estimation of some genetic parameters through generation mean analysis in two winter wheat crosses. Period. Biol. 112 (3): 247-251. Erkul A, Unay A, Konak C (2010). Inheritance of yield and yield components in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cross. Turk J Field Crops. 15(2): 137-140. Fethi B and Mohamed EG (2010). Epistasis and genotype-by environment interaction of grain yield related traits in durum wheat. J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci. 2 (2): 024-029. Garole AK and Monpara BA (2005). Genetics of some important yield determinants in four bread wheat crosses. Natnl. J. Pl. Improv. 7(2): 65-68 Hayman BI (1960). The separation of epistatic from additive and dominance variation in generation means II, Genetica 31: 133-146. Ijaz US and Kashif M (2013). Genetic Study of Quantitative Traits in Spring Wheat Through Generation Means Analysis. Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci. 13 (2): 191-197. Kearsey MJ, Pooni HS (1996). The Genetical Analysis of Quantitative Traits. Chapman and Hall, 1st edition, London, p 46. Khattab SAM, Esmail RM and Rahman MF Al Ansary (2010). Genetical analysis of some quantitative traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). New York Science Journal 3(11): 152-157. Mather K (1949). Biometrical Genetics. Dover Publication, 158 pp. New York. Mather K, Jinks IL (1982). Biometrical Genetics. Third Edition. Chapman and Hall, London, 65-83. Munir M, Chowdhry MA and Ahsan M (2007). Generation means studies in bread wheat under drought conditions. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 9 (2): 282-285. Novoselović D, Barić M, Drezner G, Gunjača J and Lalić A (2004). Quantitative inheritance of some wheat plant traits. Genet Mol Biol. 27(1): 92-98. Petrović S (1995). The inheritance of the harvest index of nitrogen in wheat. Master’s thesis. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia, Novi Sad. Petrović S, Dimitrijević M, Kraljević Balalić M, Mladenov N (2001). The mode of inheritance of the yield components in wheat genotype crosses. The mode of inheritance of the yield components in wheat genotype crosses. Field and Vegetable Crops Research, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad 35, 147-154. Reynolds MP, Ortiz Monasterio JI and Mcnab A (2001). Application of Physiology in Wheat Breeding. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT. Singh RP and Singh S (1992). Estimation of genetic parameters through generation mean analysis in bread wheat. Indian J Genet Plant Breed. 52: 369-375. Sharma SN, Sain RS and Sharma RK (2012). Genetics of spike length in durum wheat. Euphytica 130, 155-161. USDA 2015. World Agricultural Production. Foreign Agricultural Service, Office of Global Analysis, United States Department of Agriculture. Zaazaa EI, Hager MA and El Hashash EF (2012). Genetical analysis of some quantitative traits in wheat using six parameters genetic model. Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci. 12 (4): 456-462.