The need to identify candidate gene for resistance to powdery mildew (PM), a major fungal foliar disease of cowpea in
Southern guinea savannah of Nigeria has necessitated this research. An experiment involving 13 cowpea genotypes was
laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) of two replications at the Botanical Garden, University of Nigeria,
Nsukka, Nigeria. Each genotype was scored for susceptibility to the disease. Four parents were afterward selected for
progeny generation through a 2 x 2 factorial mating design. The F1 hybrids were evaluated in RCBD of two replications on
the field for powdery mildew resistance. The scored data was transformed by arcsine method before subjection to analysis
in SAS (version, 9.3). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant (P<0.01) differences among the 13 genotypes
in their susceptibility to PM. The male, female and the interaction of both significantly (P<0.001) differed. Additive
genetic variance (510.07) was higher than the dominance genetic variance (387.67). Additive gene action was prominent
in this study. The broad and narrow sense heritability estimates were: 99.9% and 56.8% respectively. The average degree
of dominance was 1.23 and the genetic advance was 62.09. Heterosis which signifies resistance to PM was observed in the
crosses between Nsukka-BA x IT89KD-374-57, IT90K-59 x IT89KD-374-57 and IT90K-59 x Nsukka-1B. The identified
resistant genotypes (IT90K-59, Nsukka-BA and IT89KD-374-57) would be resources for further breeding programme.
Powdery mildew cowpea resistant cultivar development could be achieved through hybridization programme since the
major contribution to the inheritance of the trait was additive.
Abayomi YA, Ajibade VT, Samuel OF and Saadudeen
BF (2008). Growth and yield response of Cowpea
(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) genotypes to
Nitrogen fertilizer (NPK) application in Southern
Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria. Asian Journal
of Plant Science 7: 170 – 176.
Adjadi O (1996). Genetic Variability In Cowpea Vigna
unguiculata (L.) Walp Under Various Crop
Management Systems. Dissertation, Ahmadu
Bello University, Zaria.
Braun U (1987). A monograph of the Erysiphales
(powdery mildews). Nova Hedwigia, Suplement
89:195–196
Braun U and Cook RT (2012). Taxonomic manual
of the Erysiphales (powdery mildews).Utrecht:
CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre.
Comstock R and Robinson HR (1948). The components
of genetic variance in population of biparental
progenies and their use in estimating the degree
of dominance. Biometrics 4: 254-266.
Comstock RE and Robinson HF (1952). Estimation of
the average dominance genes. Iowa S.College
Press, Ames, USA.
Emechebe AM and Florini DA (1997). Shoot and pod
diseases of cowpea induced by fungi and bacteria.
In: Advances in Cowpea Research. Singh, BB.
Mohan Raj, DR, Dashiel, KE and Jackai, LEN
(eds). Copublication of IITA and JIRCAS. IITA
Ibadan Nigeria. pp: 176-192
Fowler JH, Baker LA and Dawes CT (2008). The Genetic
Basis of Political Cooperation. American
Political Science Review 102 (2): 233-34.
Gawande VL and Patil JV (2003). Genetics of powdery
mildew (Erysiphe polygoni D.C.) resistance in
Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Crop
Protection 22:3 567-571.
Gomez KA and Gomez AA (1984). Statistical Procedures
for Agricultural Research, 2nd Edition. New
York Chichester, Wiley.
Gritton ET and Ebert RD (1975). Interaction of planting
date and powdery mildew on pea plant performance.
Am Soc Horti Sci 100:137-142
Heringa RJ, Vannorel A and Tazelaar MF (1969). Resistance
to powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni
D.C.) in peas (Pisum sativum L.). Euphytica 18:
163-169.
James WC (1971). An illustrated series of assessment
keys for plant diseases, their preparation and
usage. Can. Plant Dis. Surv 51(2):39-46.
Johnson HW, Robinson HF and Comstock RE (1955),
Genotypic and phenotypic correlations and their
implications in selection of soybean. Agron. J,
47: 477-483.
Jones DF (1917). Dominance of linked factors as a
means of accounting for heterosis. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 3:310-312.
Lewellen RT and Schrandt JK (2001). Inheritance of
powdery mildew resistance in sugar beet derived
from Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima. Plant Dis.
85: 627-631.
Lohnes DG and Bernard RL (1992). Inheritance of
resistance to powdery mildew in soybeans. Plant
Dis. 76: 964-965.
Munjal RL, Chenulu VV and Hora TS (1963).
Assessment of losses due to powdery Mildew
(Erysiphe polygoni) on pea. Indian Phytopathol.
19: 260-267.
Ransom LM, O’Brien RG and Glass RJ (1991). Chemical
control of powdery mildew in Green peas.
Australas. Plant Path. 20: 16-20.
Reddy KS, Pawar SE and Bhatia CR (1994). Inheritance
of powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni
DC) resistance in mungbean (Vigna radiata L
Wilczek). Theor. Appl. Genet.88: 945-948.
Rezende VF, Patto RMA and Corte H (1999). Genetic
control of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) resistance
to powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni).
Genet. Mol. Biol. 22: 233-236.
Robinson HF, Comstock RE and Harvey PH (1949).
Estimates of heritability and degree of dominance
in corn. Agron. J. 41: 353-359.
Statistical Analysis System (2012). User’s Guide. Basic
version 9.3, SAS institute Cary, NC, USA
Shambarkar DA, Shinde YM and Baviskar AP (1997).
Genetic resource evaluation against major diseases
of sesame. Sesame Safflower Newsl. 12:6-10.
Sillero JC, Fondevilla S, Davidson J, Vaz Patto MC,
Warkentin TD, Thomas J and Rubiales D (2006).
Screening techniques and sources of resistance to
rusts and mildews in grain legumes. Euphytica
147: 255-272.
Smith PH, Foster EM, Boyd LA, Brown JKM (1996).
The early development of Erysiphe pisi on Pisum
sativum L. Plant Pathol 45:302–309
Soylu EM, Soylu S and Kurt S (2004). First Report
of Powdery Mildew caused by Podosphaera
phaseoli (syn. Sphaerotheca phaseoli) on
Cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) in Turkey. Plant
Pathology "/doi/10.1111/ppa.2004.53.issue-4/
issuetoc" Volume 53, Issue 4, page 528, August
2004
Sultan SE (2001). Phenotypic Plasticity for Fitness
Components in Polygonum Species of Contrasting
Ecological Breadth. Ecology 82(2): 328-343.
Timmerman GM, Frew TJ, Weeden NF, Miller AL and
Goulden DS (1994). Linkage analysis of er-1,
a recessive Pisum sativum gene for resistance
94
bitki ıslahçıları alt birliği
www.bisab.org.tr
Ekin Journal
to powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphe pisi DC).
Theor. Appl. Genet. 88: 1050-1055.
Tiwari KR, Penner GA, Warkentin TD (1997). Inheritance
of powdery mildew resistance in pea. Can.
J. Plant Sci. 77: 307-310.
Utkhede RS, Koch CA, Menzies JG and Ehret DL
(2001). Host range of a powdery mildew
(Erysiphe orontii) on tomato. Can. J. Plant Sci.
81: 179-182.
Warkentin TD, Rashid KY and Xue AG (1996). Fungicidal
control of powdery mildew infield pea.
Can. J. Plant Sci. 76: 933-935.
Waraluk K, Prakit S and Peerasak S (2009). Genetics
of the Resistance to Powdery Mildew Disease in
Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) J.Crop
Sci Biotech 27(1):37-42
Wheeler BEJ (1969). Disease in Crops. Studies in Biology
64:1-7.
Wongpiyasatid A, Chotechuen S, Hormchan P and
Srihuttagum M (1999). Evaluation of yield and
resistance to powdery mildew, Cercospora Leaf
spot and cowpea weevil in Mungbean Mutant
Lines. Kasetsart Journal 33: 204-215
Year 2016,
Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 87 - 94, 30.07.2016
Abayomi YA, Ajibade VT, Samuel OF and Saadudeen
BF (2008). Growth and yield response of Cowpea
(Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) genotypes to
Nitrogen fertilizer (NPK) application in Southern
Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria. Asian Journal
of Plant Science 7: 170 – 176.
Adjadi O (1996). Genetic Variability In Cowpea Vigna
unguiculata (L.) Walp Under Various Crop
Management Systems. Dissertation, Ahmadu
Bello University, Zaria.
Braun U (1987). A monograph of the Erysiphales
(powdery mildews). Nova Hedwigia, Suplement
89:195–196
Braun U and Cook RT (2012). Taxonomic manual
of the Erysiphales (powdery mildews).Utrecht:
CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre.
Comstock R and Robinson HR (1948). The components
of genetic variance in population of biparental
progenies and their use in estimating the degree
of dominance. Biometrics 4: 254-266.
Comstock RE and Robinson HF (1952). Estimation of
the average dominance genes. Iowa S.College
Press, Ames, USA.
Emechebe AM and Florini DA (1997). Shoot and pod
diseases of cowpea induced by fungi and bacteria.
In: Advances in Cowpea Research. Singh, BB.
Mohan Raj, DR, Dashiel, KE and Jackai, LEN
(eds). Copublication of IITA and JIRCAS. IITA
Ibadan Nigeria. pp: 176-192
Fowler JH, Baker LA and Dawes CT (2008). The Genetic
Basis of Political Cooperation. American
Political Science Review 102 (2): 233-34.
Gawande VL and Patil JV (2003). Genetics of powdery
mildew (Erysiphe polygoni D.C.) resistance in
Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Crop
Protection 22:3 567-571.
Gomez KA and Gomez AA (1984). Statistical Procedures
for Agricultural Research, 2nd Edition. New
York Chichester, Wiley.
Gritton ET and Ebert RD (1975). Interaction of planting
date and powdery mildew on pea plant performance.
Am Soc Horti Sci 100:137-142
Heringa RJ, Vannorel A and Tazelaar MF (1969). Resistance
to powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni
D.C.) in peas (Pisum sativum L.). Euphytica 18:
163-169.
James WC (1971). An illustrated series of assessment
keys for plant diseases, their preparation and
usage. Can. Plant Dis. Surv 51(2):39-46.
Johnson HW, Robinson HF and Comstock RE (1955),
Genotypic and phenotypic correlations and their
implications in selection of soybean. Agron. J,
47: 477-483.
Jones DF (1917). Dominance of linked factors as a
means of accounting for heterosis. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 3:310-312.
Lewellen RT and Schrandt JK (2001). Inheritance of
powdery mildew resistance in sugar beet derived
from Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima. Plant Dis.
85: 627-631.
Lohnes DG and Bernard RL (1992). Inheritance of
resistance to powdery mildew in soybeans. Plant
Dis. 76: 964-965.
Munjal RL, Chenulu VV and Hora TS (1963).
Assessment of losses due to powdery Mildew
(Erysiphe polygoni) on pea. Indian Phytopathol.
19: 260-267.
Ransom LM, O’Brien RG and Glass RJ (1991). Chemical
control of powdery mildew in Green peas.
Australas. Plant Path. 20: 16-20.
Reddy KS, Pawar SE and Bhatia CR (1994). Inheritance
of powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni
DC) resistance in mungbean (Vigna radiata L
Wilczek). Theor. Appl. Genet.88: 945-948.
Rezende VF, Patto RMA and Corte H (1999). Genetic
control of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) resistance
to powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni).
Genet. Mol. Biol. 22: 233-236.
Robinson HF, Comstock RE and Harvey PH (1949).
Estimates of heritability and degree of dominance
in corn. Agron. J. 41: 353-359.
Statistical Analysis System (2012). User’s Guide. Basic
version 9.3, SAS institute Cary, NC, USA
Shambarkar DA, Shinde YM and Baviskar AP (1997).
Genetic resource evaluation against major diseases
of sesame. Sesame Safflower Newsl. 12:6-10.
Sillero JC, Fondevilla S, Davidson J, Vaz Patto MC,
Warkentin TD, Thomas J and Rubiales D (2006).
Screening techniques and sources of resistance to
rusts and mildews in grain legumes. Euphytica
147: 255-272.
Smith PH, Foster EM, Boyd LA, Brown JKM (1996).
The early development of Erysiphe pisi on Pisum
sativum L. Plant Pathol 45:302–309
Soylu EM, Soylu S and Kurt S (2004). First Report
of Powdery Mildew caused by Podosphaera
phaseoli (syn. Sphaerotheca phaseoli) on
Cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) in Turkey. Plant
Pathology "/doi/10.1111/ppa.2004.53.issue-4/
issuetoc" Volume 53, Issue 4, page 528, August
2004
Sultan SE (2001). Phenotypic Plasticity for Fitness
Components in Polygonum Species of Contrasting
Ecological Breadth. Ecology 82(2): 328-343.
Timmerman GM, Frew TJ, Weeden NF, Miller AL and
Goulden DS (1994). Linkage analysis of er-1,
a recessive Pisum sativum gene for resistance
94
bitki ıslahçıları alt birliği
www.bisab.org.tr
Ekin Journal
to powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphe pisi DC).
Theor. Appl. Genet. 88: 1050-1055.
Tiwari KR, Penner GA, Warkentin TD (1997). Inheritance
of powdery mildew resistance in pea. Can.
J. Plant Sci. 77: 307-310.
Utkhede RS, Koch CA, Menzies JG and Ehret DL
(2001). Host range of a powdery mildew
(Erysiphe orontii) on tomato. Can. J. Plant Sci.
81: 179-182.
Warkentin TD, Rashid KY and Xue AG (1996). Fungicidal
control of powdery mildew infield pea.
Can. J. Plant Sci. 76: 933-935.
Waraluk K, Prakit S and Peerasak S (2009). Genetics
of the Resistance to Powdery Mildew Disease in
Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) J.Crop
Sci Biotech 27(1):37-42
Wheeler BEJ (1969). Disease in Crops. Studies in Biology
64:1-7.
Wongpiyasatid A, Chotechuen S, Hormchan P and
Srihuttagum M (1999). Evaluation of yield and
resistance to powdery mildew, Cercospora Leaf
spot and cowpea weevil in Mungbean Mutant
Lines. Kasetsart Journal 33: 204-215
Amazue, U. (2016). A Search for Candidate Gene for Cowpea Powdery Mildew Resistance in the Southern Guinea Ecology of Nigeria. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics, 2(2), 87-94.
AMA
Amazue U. A Search for Candidate Gene for Cowpea Powdery Mildew Resistance in the Southern Guinea Ecology of Nigeria. Ekin Journal. July 2016;2(2):87-94.
Chicago
Amazue, Ugochi. “A Search for Candidate Gene for Cowpea Powdery Mildew Resistance in the Southern Guinea Ecology of Nigeria”. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics 2, no. 2 (July 2016): 87-94.
EndNote
Amazue U (July 1, 2016) A Search for Candidate Gene for Cowpea Powdery Mildew Resistance in the Southern Guinea Ecology of Nigeria. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics 2 2 87–94.
IEEE
U. Amazue, “A Search for Candidate Gene for Cowpea Powdery Mildew Resistance in the Southern Guinea Ecology of Nigeria”, Ekin Journal, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 87–94, 2016.
ISNAD
Amazue, Ugochi. “A Search for Candidate Gene for Cowpea Powdery Mildew Resistance in the Southern Guinea Ecology of Nigeria”. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics 2/2 (July 2016), 87-94.
JAMA
Amazue U. A Search for Candidate Gene for Cowpea Powdery Mildew Resistance in the Southern Guinea Ecology of Nigeria. Ekin Journal. 2016;2:87–94.
MLA
Amazue, Ugochi. “A Search for Candidate Gene for Cowpea Powdery Mildew Resistance in the Southern Guinea Ecology of Nigeria”. Ekin Journal of Crop Breeding and Genetics, vol. 2, no. 2, 2016, pp. 87-94.
Vancouver
Amazue U. A Search for Candidate Gene for Cowpea Powdery Mildew Resistance in the Southern Guinea Ecology of Nigeria. Ekin Journal. 2016;2(2):87-94.