Synthetic Wheat: An Indispensable Pre-breeding Source for High Yield and Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Wheat Improvement

Year 2017, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 45 - 52, 31.01.2017

Mustafa Yıldırım

Abstract

In addition to being the most widely cultivated crop, wheat is also the most ancient cultivated plant species. Today, as
in the past, wheat continues to be a crop of strategic importance. Cultivated hexaploid bread wheat (2n=42) consists of
three genome groups (AA, BB, and DD), with each genome group further comprising three diploid wild species. Over the
past 70 years, the world population has been rapidly increasing, while the area of agricultural lands has remained more
or less constant. To be able to feed this continually increasing human population, scientists have begun to investigate the
biological origins/roots of wheat, with the aim of achieving higher yield and greater resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
This was because, based on the studies they performed, they determined that “reconstructing” wheat from its origins was
a more effective solution than working with limited and currently available genetic resources. Bread wheat reconstructed
by using diploid wild forms is called “synthetic wheat”. Synthetic wheat receives certain characteristics from wild forms
that render them superior to cultivated wheat. Diploid wild forms bearing the “D” genome (Aegilopstauschii) are known to
be particularly very resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Nowadays, it has become imperative to use synthetic wheat in
order to increase genetic variation in breeding programs. To break the “yield per unit area” barrier, to ensure world peace,
and to prevent the starvation of children around the world, wheat breeders must place greater emphasis on the production
of synthetic wheat. 

Keywords

Synthetic wheat, aegilops, D genome, crossing.

References

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