Investigations on the Effect of Genes Controlling Response to Vernalization on Adaptation of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 69 - 82, 30.07.2020

Ahmet Fırat

Abstract

Wheat is a very s trategic product because it concerns to large communities. The only way to increase the required product
is to increase the yield from the unit area. Spring wheat is sown in coas tal ecology s tarting from Samsun and extending to
Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean, Çukurova and Southeas t Regions to Diyarbakır and Şanlıurfa. Despite the genetically
superior yields of spring wheats planted in these coas tal areas, which have large and important ecological zones, there are
adaptation problems. They suffer from the cold in winter. This prevents the high yielding varieties to achieve their potential
yields. Moreover, in the coas tal zone, spring wheats are damaged in late spring fros ts due to their early heading. Even
low temperatures in the flowering period cause flower infertility. Genes that control the response to vernalization play an
important role in the adaptation of wheat as these not only ensures the adaptation of the wheat to the environment in early
growth s tages but also affects the heading dates. In this s tudy, where winter and spring isogenic lines and their parents and
some s tandard varieties were inves tigated in 22 coas tal environments for grain yield, s traw yield, biological yield, harves t
index, hectolitre weight, thousand grain weight, plant height, days to heading, days to physiological maturity, grain
filling period and protein content. Thirty genotypes of bread wheat (common wheat) varieties developed by CIMMYT
and utilized commercially in many countries of the world, isogenic lines bearing their spring and winter vernalization
genes (Vrn-vrn) and some s tandard bread wheat varieties were used in the research. Anza sibs show good adaptation to all
environments, the superiority of winter isolines in the spring wheat ecology in terms of grain, s traw and biological yield
characteris tics and the earlier heading of spring isolines are remarkable results of this inves tigation.

Keywords

Common wheat, Triticum aes tivum L.,, vernalization, isolines,, grain yield,, yield related traits.

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